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HCID 24639생성일: 2026년 11월 3일

과염소산암모늄

과염소산암모늄 · 암모늄과염소산 · 암모늄 퍼클로레이트 · pkha · Ammoniumperchlorat · Ammonium perchorate · AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE · perchlorated’ammonium

https://huagongshe.com/ko/chemical/24639

과염소산암모늄 분자 구조식

식별자 및 물리적 특성

CAS No.7790-98-9
분자식ClHO4.H3N
평균 분자량117.49 g/mol
단동위원소 질량116.9828853 g/mol
SMILES[NH4+].[O-][Cl+3]([O-])([O-])[O-]
InChIKeyHHEFNVCDPLQQTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID24639
EC No.232-235-1
DTXSIDDTXSID4024515
현지명과염소산암모늄

화학 및 물리적 성질

극성 표면적75.3
수소 결합 공여자 수1
수소 결합 수용자 수4
회전 가능 결합 수0
무거운 원자 수6
형식 전하0
복잡도95.8
물질 분류Other Classes -> PerchloratesReactive agents - 4th degree
농약Pesticide -> EPA IRIS
냄새Odorless
맛Imparts a bitter and salty taste to water
밀도1.95 at 59 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink1.95 g/cu cm1.95 g/cm³1.95 @25 °C1.95 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Color/FormWhite orthorhombic crystals.Colorless, crystalline compoundSolid at 15 °C
용해도In water, 2.0X10+5 mg/L at 25 °CIn water, 2.45X10+5 mg/L at 25 °CIn water, 2.49X10+5 mg/L at 25 °CSolubilities in organic solvents[Table#1332]For more Solubility (Complete) data for Ammonium perchlorate (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 20soluble in methanolslightly soluble in ethanol, acetoneinsoluble in ethyl ether
Endocrine DisruptorsPotential endocrine disrupting compound
DecompositionDecomposes at 130 °C.Decomposes violently with shock.When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /ammonia and chloride/.>200 °C
녹는점130 °CMP: Decomposes, explodes°Cd ec.)
증기압Very low0Pa at 25℃
Physical DescriptionAmmonium perchlorate appears as a white, crystalline solid or powder. Classified as a division 1.1 explosive if powdered into particles smaller than 15 microns in diameter or if powdered into larger particles but thoroughly dried. Does not readily burn, but will burn if contaminated by combustible material. May explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire. Used to make rocket propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics, as an etching and engraving agent, and in analytical chemistry.Dry PowderWhite solid crystals[CHRIS]WHITE HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS.
굴절률1.482
물리적 상태수정 같은
비중1.95
색상하얀색
용해도물에 자유롭게 용해됩니다. 메탄올에 용해됩니다. 에탄올, 아세톤에 약간 용해됩니다. 에테르, 에틸 아세테이트에 불용성
Merck14,540
안정성가연성 물질과 혼합되면 폭발성이 있습니다. 유기물, 종이, 나무 부스러기 등과 호환되지 않습니다. 밀폐된 상태에서 가열하거나 마찰로 인해 폭발할 수 있습니다. 금속, 환원제, 강산과 호환되지 않습니다.
LogP(분배 계수)-5.84 at 25℃
EPAAmmonium perchlorate (7790-98-9)

화학적 성질

Ammonium perchlorate NH4CI04, is a white solid, soluble, formed by reaction of NH40H and perchlorate acid, and then evaporating. Used in explosives and pyrotechnics.

안전 및 규제

GHS 분류DangerH201: (Deleted) Explosivemass explosion hazard [Danger Explosives]P210, P220, P230, P240, P250, P280, P283, P306+P360, P370+P378, P370+P380, P371+P380+P375, P372, P373, P401, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H201 (92.4%): (Deleted) ExplosiveP210, P220, P230, P240, P250, P260, P264+P265, P280, P283, P305+P351+P338, P306+P360, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P370+P380, P371+P380+P375, P372, P373, P401, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
규제 정보Chemical: Perchloric acid, ammonium saltPerchloric acid, ammonium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Perchloric acid, ammonium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)REACH registered substance: Ammonium perchlorate (EC: 232-235-1)Perchloric acid, ammonium salt: HSNO Approval: HSR000985 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)
기타 안전 정보IMAP assessments - Perchlorates: Human health tier II assessment
운송 라벨(DOT)Oxidizer Explosive 1.1D
화재 위험Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic gases are produced in a fire.· May explode from friction, heat or contamination.Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. See Chemical Dangers. Risk of fire and explosion.
화재 가능성Flammable when exposed to heat or flame or by spontaneous chemical reaction with reducing materials. ... Ignites violently with combustibles.
건강 유해성Irritating to skin and mucous membranes. (USCG, 1999)· TOXICinhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.
유해성 요약Powerful oxidizer and explosive hazard

용도

개요

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is the salt of ammonia and perchloric acid. Like other perchlorates, it is a powerful oxidizer. It is also shock-sensitive and may explode when exposed to heat or as a result of spontaneous chemical reactions. This is the material that was involved in the explosion at the Pepcon plant in Henderson, Nevada. It is also used in the production of explosives, pyrotechnics, as well as in etching, engraving, and jet and rocket propellants.

용도

Perchlorate is a soluble oxychloro anion most commonly used as a solid salt in the form of ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate, or sodium perchlorate, all of which are highly soluble. Ammonium perchlorate is the most widely used perchlorate compound. In their pure forms, these salts are white or colorless crystals or powders. Perchlorate salts dissolve in water and readily move from surface to groundwater. Perchlorate is known to originate from both natural and man-made sources. The most common uses for ammonium perchlorate are in explosives, military munitions, and rocket propellants. In addition, perchlorate salts are used in a wide range of nonmilitary applications, including pyrotechnics and fireworks, blasting agents, solid rocket fuel, matches, lubricating oils, nuclear reactors, air bags, and certain types of fertilizers.

일반 설명

Ammonium perchlorate appears as a white, crystalline solid or powder. Classified as a division 1.1 explosive if powdered into particles smaller than 15 microns in diameter or if powdered into larger particles but thoroughly dried. Does not readily burn, but will burn if contaminated by combustible material. May explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire. Used to make rocket propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics, as an etching and engraving agent, and in analytical chemistry.

Concentrated solutions are probably not irritating to the skin
May induce methemoglobinemia after ingestion
[CHEMINFO] The LC (rats and mice) is >300 mg/m3. Observed effects include seizures and liver damage. [ChemIDplus] Irritating to skin and mucous membranes
[CHRIS] See PERCHLORATES.
운송 번호 및 가이드(DOT)1442 143
반응성 그룹Salts, Acidic
EC 분류Symbol: OR: 9-44S: (2)-14-16-27-36/37Note: G
UN 분류UN Hazard Class: 5.1UN Pack Group: II
Special ReportsCommittee to Assess the Health Implications of Perchlorate Ingestion, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council of the National Academies. Health Implications of Perchlorate Ingestion. 260 p. (2005) The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. Washington, D. C. The report evaluates existing human and animal studies and recommends using clinical studies of iodide uptake in humans as the basis for determining a reference dose. The report suggests that daily ingestion of 0.0007 milligrams of perchlorate per kilograms of body weight should not threaten the health of even the most sensitive populations.ATSDRToxicological Profile for Perchlorates. Atlanta, GA: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Public Health Service (2005) contains a review of the toxicological literature and a statement of public health concerns for this chemical.EPA/Solid Waste and Emergency ResponsePerchlorate Treatment Technology UpdateFederal Facilities Forum Issue Paper. p. 84. EPA 542-R-05-015 (May 2005). This report describes technologies used for treating perchlorate contamination in drinking water, groundwater, and soil and existing and developing methods for analysis in the laboratory and in the field.
소화Excerpt from ERG Guide 143 [Oxidizers (Unstable)]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.
응급 조치Fresh air, rest.First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink.
누출 비상 조치· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
응급 처치Excerpt from ERG Guide 143 [Oxidizers (Unstable)]:General First Aid:
안전 보관Fireproof. Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents and metals. See Chemical Dangers. Well closed.
Firefighting HazardsExplosive decomposition may occur under fire conditions.
노출 관리 및 개인 보호· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
소화 절차Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.Use water spray to cool unopened containers.If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not fight fires in a cargo of explosives. Evacuate area and let it burn. /Ammonium perchlorate explosives/For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for Ammonium perchlorate (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
보관 조건Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Strongly oxidizing hazardous materials.Separate from acids, alkalies, reducing agents, combustible materials. Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location.
정리 방법ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wetbrushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.Wear full protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Prompt cleanup and removal are necessary in order to prevent contamination with combustible materials.
비화재 누출 대응Excerpt from ERG Guide 143 [Oxidizers (Unstable)]:
처리 방법Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this materialContaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.
체내 부담...Perchlorate in 47 dairy milk samples from 11 states and in 36 human milk samples from 18 states were measured. Perchlorate was detectable in 81 of 82 samples. The dairy and breast milk means were, respectively, 2.0 and 10.5 ug/L with the corresponding maximum values of 11 and 92 ug/L. Perchlorate is present in virtually all milk samples, the average concentration in breast milk is five times higher than in dairy milk. Although the number of available measurements are few at this point, for breast milk samples with a perchlorate content greater than 10 ug/L, the iodide content is linearly correlated with the inverse of the perchlorate concentration with a r2 of >0.9 (n = 6). ... /Perchlorate/
TreatmentIn case of oral exposure, immediately dilute with 4 to 8 ounces (120 to 240 mol) of water or milk. Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first. Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gas or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed. Following inhalation, Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. In case of acute lung injury, maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gas or pulse oximetry monitoring. Following eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. Following dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines. (T36)
상호 작용Radioactive iodide ((131)I-) protection studies have focused primarily on the thyroid gland and disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. The objective of the current study was to establish (131)I- urinary excretion profiles for saline, and the thyroid protectants, potassium iodide (KI) and ammonium perchlorate over a 75 hour time-course. Rats were administered (131)I- and 3 hours later dosed with either saline, 30 mg/kg of NH(4)ClO(4) or 30 mg/kg of KI. Urinalysis of the first 36 hours of the time-course revealed that NH(4)ClO(4) treated animals excreted significantly more (131)I- compared with KI and saline treatments. A second study followed the same protocol, but thyroxine (T(4)) was administered daily over a 3 day period. During the first 6-12 hour after (131)I- dosing, rats administered NH(4)ClO(4) excreted significantly more (131)I- than the other treatment groups. T(4) treatment resulted in increased retention of radioiodide in the thyroid gland 75 hour after (131)I- administration. We speculate that the T(4) treatment related reduction in serum TSH caused a decrease synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones resulting in greater residual radioiodide in the thyroid gland. Our findings suggest that ammonium perchlorate treatment accelerates the elimination rate of radioiodide within the first 24 to 36 hours and thus may be more effective at reducing harmful exposure to (131)I- compared to KI treatment for repeated dosing situations. Repeated dosing studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of these treatments to reduce the radioactive iodide burden of the thyroid gland.
표적 장기Endocrine
건강 영향Adverse effects on a wide variety of organ systems can result from disruption in the availability of T3 to target tissues. Organ systems affected by disturbances in T3 levels include the skin, cardiovascular system, pulmonary system, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, liver, blood, neuromuscular system, central nervous system, skeleton, male and female reproductive systems, and numerous endocrine organs, including the pituitary and adrenal glands. Such an array of secondary potential targets underscores the need to maintain an adequate level of circulating thyroid hormones. Perchlorate, an environmental contaminant, is known to disturb the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis by blocking iodide accumulation in the thyroid. Iodide deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism and goiter (L894, A267).
생태독성 수치LC50Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea) age <24 hr neonate, clone K6Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °CConcentration: 652060 ug/L for 24 hrConcentration: 396210 ug/L for 48 hr
환경 거동TERRESTRIAL FATE: Ammonium perchlorate readily dissolves and dissociates to the perchlorate ion(1). The perchlorate ion is only weakly absorbed to mineral surfaces of moderate ionic strength(1). Perchlorate ion also exhibits a high aqueous solubilitytogether these properties contribute to its ability to readily migrate in groundwater systems(2).AQUATIC FATE: When released to water, ammonium perchlorate readily dissolves and dissociates to the perchlorate ion(1). Perchlorates are readily soluble in water. In dilute aqueous solutions, the ion is very stable and inert and therefore may persist for decades under normal conditions in groundwater and surface water systems(2). Hydrolysis does not occur for inorganic salts such as ammonium perchlorate that ionize in aqueous solution(1). Perchlorates are not expected to undergo direct photolysis in water(1).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Perchlorate salts such as ammonium perchlorate are expected to exist as a solid aerosol or be absorbed to suspended particulate matter(1). Therefore removal from the atmosphere is expected to occur by both wet and dry depostion(1). Perchlorates are not expected to undergo direct photolysis in air(1).
유해 작용Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
노출 경로The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.Inhalation (L894)oral (L894)dermal (L894)eye contact (L894).
Milk ConcentrationsPerchlorate was unambiguously detected by ion chromatography-suppressed conductivity (IC-CD) and/or ion chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (IC-MS) in seven of seven supermarket milk samples bought randomly in Lubbock, TX. Quantitation by IC-MS and IC-suppressed conductivity detection in conjunction with a preconcentration-preelution method provided comparable results. With a sample cleanup procedure that involved protein removal by ethanol and sequential passage though activated alumina and C-18 silica, the limit of detection for perchlorate in milk was 0.5 ug/L. The levels found ranged from 1.7 to 6.4 ug/L. An evaporated milk sample contained perchlorate at 1.1 +/- 0.6 ug/L level, while we did not find detectable levels in a reconstituted powdered milk sample. /Perchlorate/...Perchlorate in 47 dairy milk samples from 11 states and in 36 human milk samples from 18 states were measured. Perchlorate was detectable in 81 of 82 samples. The dairy and breast milk means were, respectively, 2.0 and 10.5 ug/L with the corresponding maximum values of 11 and 92 ug/L. Perchlorate is present in virtually all milk samples, the average concentration in breast milk is five times higher than in dairy milk. Although the number of available measurements are few at this point, for breast milk samples with a perchlorate content greater than 10 ug/L, the iodide content is linearly correlated with the inverse of the perchlorate concentration with a r2 of >0.9 (n = 6). ... /Perchlorate/
독성 요약IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ammonium perchlorate is a colorless, crystalline compound. The most common uses for ammonium perchlorate are in explosives and rocket propellants, which have been widely used in military munitions items, such as mortars, grenades and flares and solid fuel rocket. It is also used in analytical chemistry, and as etching and engraving agent. It has been tested as an experimental medication in (131)I exposure. HUMAN STUDIES: No perchlorate-attributable effects on thyroid, bone marrow, kidney, or liver function were detected in employees at an ammonium perchlorate production facility in Nevada. The study of workers in China also found no effect on thyroid function from long term, low-level documented exposure to ammonium perchlorate. However, epidemiological study of population drinking ammonium perchlorate contaminated water demonstrated statistically significant association between perchlorate exposure and newborn thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. ANIMAL STUDIES: In rats, exposure to ammonium perchlorate in drinking water resulted in statistically significant changes in thyroid stimulating hormone and other thyroid hormones. In developmental experiments in rats, changes in maternal and neonatal thyroid histopathology were detectable at 1.0 mg/kg-day exposure. Behavioral testing in rats suggested that prenatal exposure to ammonium perchlorate does not affect the development of gross motor movements in the pups. Exposure of embryonic and larval Xenopus laevis to high concentrations of ammonium perchlorate salt produced a feminizing effect, resulting in a skewed sex ratio. Ammonium perchlorate (100-10,000 ug/plate) was neither toxic nor mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA102, TA104, TA1535, or TA1537 with or without metabolic activation. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Ammonium perchlorate exposure caused hypothyroidism in young Japanese quail and affected the expression of thyroid-responsive genes during early posthatch development. Furthermore, in Japanese quail maternal perchlorate exposure led to embryonic hypothyroidism and may have interfered with embryonic development. In X. laevis, ammonium perchlorate inhibited metamorphosis in a concentration-dependent manner as evident from effects on forelimb emergence, tail resorption, and hindlimb growth. It was also inhibiting thyroid activity and altered gonadal differentiation in developing X. laevis.The primary and most sensitive target of the perchlorate anion (perchlorate) is the thyroid gland. Perchlorate inhibits the transport of iodide (I-) from the blood into the thyroid follicle cells. The inhibition is thought to be accomplished by perchlorate competitively blocking iodide binding to a carrier, or sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), which catalyzes the simultaneous transfer of Na+ and I-across the basolateral membrane of thyroid follicle cells. Perchlorate inhibition of the NIS can limit the availability of iodide needed for the production of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which in turn, may affect the circulating levels of T4 and T3. All known effects of perchlorate on the thyroid hormone system derive directly or secondarily from the inhibition of the NIS. T3 is essential for normal development of the nervous system and for the regulation of metabolism of cells in nearly all tissues of the body. Disruption in the availability of T3 in target tissues can result in adverse effects on a wide variety of organs and systems (L894).
생태독성 발췌/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ The effects of a wide range of ammonium perchlorate (AP) concentrations in drinking water on thyroid function in bobwhite quail chicks was investigated at 2, 4, and 8 weeks of exposure. ...Plasma thyroid hormones (THs) /were measured/ to evaluate organismal thyroid status, thyroid weights to evaluate hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis activation, and thyroidal TH content to assess TH stores. At the highest AP exposures plasma THs were decreased, thyroid glands were hypertrophied, and thyroidal TH content was decreased. As in ...previous studies, thyroidal thyroxine (T(4)) content was the most sensitive indicator of decreased thyroid functionplasma T(4) and thyroid weight were much less sensitive. The lack of sensitivity of these variables appears to result from cyclic patterns of thyroid responses involving the HPT axis and intermittent release of stored THs from the thyroid gland. With sustained AP exposure (8 weeks), at the lowest range of AP concentrations used, chicks showed adaptation in thyroid function that fully compensated for the initial (2 week) effects of AP. At the intermediate AP concentrations there was partial compensation for the initial AP effects. At the highest AP exposures used, thyroid function was very low throughout the study, with no indication of compensatory responses. The capability of chicks to increase some aspects of their thyroid function adaptively in response to some levels of sustained AP exposure is contrary to the common generalization that developing animals are most vulnerable to environmental contaminants./BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Ground-dwelling birds in perchlorate-contaminated areas are exposed to perchlorate ion, a known thyroid disruptor, and might be vulnerable to the developmental effects of perchlorate-induced hypothyroidism. ...Perchlorate-induced hypothyroidism would alter the expression of thyroid-responsive genes involved in thyroid hormone (TH) regulation and in the development of target organ function. Japanese quail chicks were exposed to 2000 mg/L ammonium perchlorate in drinking water for 7.5 weeks beginning on day 5 posthatch. Hypothyroidism was evident after 2 weeks of exposure as lower plasma THs and lower TH content in exposed chicks than in controls. The degree of hypothyroidism was increased at 7.5 weeks, as indicated by significant thyroid gland hypertrophy and sustained changes in thyroid function. After 2 weeks of exposure, hypothyroidism increased type 2 5'-deiodinase (D2) mRNA level and decreased Spot 14 (SP14) mRNA level in the liver, whereas D2 mRNA and RC3 mRNA levels in brain were not affected. After 7.5 weeks of exposure, mRNA levels in the exposed group did not differ from those in controls in either the liver or brain, suggesting the responsiveness of these genes to THs decreased during development. These results suggest that the brain, but not the liver, was protected from the effects of hypothyroidism, probably by changes in D2 activity at the protein level and/or regulation of TH entry and exit from the brain. ...Perchlorate exposure caused hypothyroidism in young Japanese quail and affected the expression of thyroid-responsive genes during early posthatch development./BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Perchlorate, a known thyroid disruptor, is deposited in eggs of exposed female birds, raising concerns that the embryos from these eggs may become hypothyroid, which may in turn affect the development and function of thyroid-dependent organs. /It was/ hypothesized that exposure to ammonium perchlorate (AP) would decrease hen and embryonic thyroid function and affect the expression of thyroid-responsive genes in embryonic brain and liver. Laying Japanese quail hens were treated with 2000 mg/L or 4000 mg/L AP in drinking water. Thyroid status and expression of thyroid-responsive genes were examined in the embryos from eggs of exposed hens. Perchlorate exposure led to hypothyroidism in hens from both treatment groupsegg production was decreased in the high dosage group only. Embryos from eggs of perchlorate-exposed hens had hypertrophied thyroid glands and significantly lower thyroidal hormone storage, indicating hypothyroidism in these embryos. The embryonic hypothyroidism was associated with decreased embryonic growth, delayed hatching and greater mortality during hatching. The mRNA level of type 2 deiodinase (D2) in the liver of embryos from eggs of perchlorate-exposed hens was increased compared to the control embryos, a compensatory response that increases the production of metabolically active T(3). However, the mRNA levels of D2 and RC3 in the brain were not affected. These results suggest that the embryonic brain is protected from hypothyroidism by other mechanisms known to influence hormone entry into and exit from the brain. ...Maternal perchlorate exposure led to embryonic hypothyroidism and may have interfered with embryonic development./BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Bobwhite quail chicks were used to investigate ammonium perchlorate (APNH4ClO4) effects on thyroid function and growth. Beginning at 3 to 4 days posthatch, ...organismal thyroid status (circulating hormones), activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (thyroid wt) and thyroidal hormone content /were evaluated/ over a wide range of AP concentrations (50 ug/L-4,000 mg/L) in drinking water, for relatively short (2-week) and longer (8-week) exposures. Thyroidal thyroxine (T4) content, the most sensitive index of decreased thyroid function, decreased markedly in response to increasing perchlorate exposure. Thyroid weight and plasma T4 were less sensitive indicators and similar in their ability to detect thyroid changes. Growth measurements (body wt and skeletal growth) were very insensitive indices. Because thyroids contain large hormone stores, with low exposures or short time periods, these stores can be used to maintain circulating hormones, at least temporarily. Most depletion of thyroidal T4 occurred during the first two weeks of AP exposure. Subsequent decreases were at a slower rate presumably because thyrotropin stimulation of the thyroids at least partially compensated for some of the perchlorate effect. Additional studies of the interactions between AP concentration and exposure time are needed for understanding the complex nature of thyroid responses to perchlorate.For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Ammonium perchlorate (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
RCRA 요건D003A solid waste containing ammonium perchlorate may become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to testing for reactivity as stipulated in 40 CFR 261.23, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.
State Drinking Water Standards(CA) CALIFORNIA 6 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/(MA) MASSACHUSETTS 2 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/
DHS Chemicals of Interest (COI)Ammonium perchlorateA Commercial Grade5000400Explosive chemical that can be released at a facility.
주 식수 지침(CA) CALIFORNIA 6 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/(ME) MAINE 1 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/
Federal Drinking Water StandardsEPA 4 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/
수질 위해 등급(WGK)1
TSCA 등재 상태TSCA listed
RTECS 번호SC7520000
운송 번호(UN)UN 1442 5.1/PG II (AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE)
독성LD50 oral in rabbit: 1900mg/kg
위험 문구(R)9-44-48/20/22-36-3
위험 표시O,Xi,Xn,E
안전 문구(S)17-36/37-27-16-14-35-26
포장분류II
위험 등급5.1
기존화학 물질KE-01725
유해 물질 데이터7790-98-9(Hazardous Substances Data)