데미톤

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Flammable Liquid, n.o.s.) Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Move containers from fire area. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tank due to fire. Isolate for 1/2 mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire.

Use water spray, foam, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder.

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Warning: Demeton is readily absorbed through the skin. Effects may be delayed up to 12 hours. Caution is advised.

(General first aid procedures)

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

Dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective on fire.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, NOS/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use foam, dry chemical. or carbon dioxide. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be reclaimed or collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.

Absorb with paper towels. Place in a plastic bag. Burn in an open pan with help of flammable solvent or in a furnace.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pong, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

Environmental considerations: Water spill: use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for SYSTOX (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Spills may be cleaned up by absorbing the material in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material. General precautions for organophosphorous pesticides are as follows. Keep unnecessary people away; stay upwind. Shut off ignition sources; no flares, smoking, or flames in hazard area. Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Take up spills with noncombustible absorbent material. For large spills, dike far ahead. (EPA, 1998)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

1. By absorbing it in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or a similar material & disposing in secured sanitary landfill.

The thiono- and thiolo-isomers of this mixture are 50% hydrolyzed in 75 min and 0.85 min respectively at 20 °C and pH 13. At pH 9 and 70 °C, the half-life of demeton is 1.25 hr, but at pH 1-5 it is over 11 hr. ...Recommendable methods: Hydrolysis... . Not recommendable method: Evaporation. Peer-review: Extremely toxic. Handle with great care - full protective clothing including skin protection. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Special aircraft should preferably be used for spraying or dusting toxic organophosphorus pesticides. ... Aerial spraying or dusting gives rise to clouds which spread over larger surfaces than clouds produced by ground application. Aerial spraying should therefore be carried out on windless days only. Residential areas, water supply sources, etc must be avoided. ... When aircraft approaches, signalmen /guiding the aircraft/ should leave the windward side. ... The local population should be informed about the site & time of aerial pesticide treatment. Access of unauthorized persons & especially children to the area to be treated must be ... forbidden. Warning signs should be placed at the limits of the area. Ground spraying must be carried out with compressed-air spraying equipment towed by tractors with closed cabs. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Small packages of pesticides are preferable for individual application in order to limit the quantities to be weighed & metered. A special vessel with long stirring rod for dilution & suspension of the poison must be available in order to reduce manual handling to a minimum. The strict observance of hygiene rules--no smoking & no food intake during work. Thorough washing with soap after work, changing protective clothing before going home--is of utmost importance. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Containers ... should be cleaned with a suspension of bleaching powder in water or with other alkaline soln after soaking for 24 hr and then be rinsed with hot water. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SYSTOX (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

When demeton and parathion were in the same diet at levels necessary for cholinesterase inhibition, the effects were additive.

... ADDITION /OF ARAMITE/ TO DEMETON DELAYS ONSET OF DEMETON RESISTANCE /IN PANONYCHUS CITRI (CITRUS RED MITE)/ TO WHICH THIS SPECIES IS NORMALLY LIABLE.

Nervous

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, blood cholinesterase

LC50 Coturnix japonica 275 ppm in 5-day diets (95% confidence limit 228-327 ppm), age 12 days. /Purity 96%/

LC50 Phasianus colchicus 665 ppm in 5-day diets (95% confidence limit 527-773 ppm), age 10 days. /Purity 96%/

LC50 Anas platyrhynchos 598 ppm in 5-day diets (95% confidence limit 488-733 ppm), age 10 days. /Purity 96%/

LD50 ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS ORAL 7.19 MG/KG (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 5.19-9.97 MG/KG), 3 MO OLD MALES /99% PURE/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for SYSTOX (60 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 70 measured in soil for demeton-S(isosystox)and a Koc value of 387 measured in soil for demeton-O(2), indicates that systox is expected to have high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of systox from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole (SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 3.4X10-4 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 666 mg/L(4). Volatilization from dry soil is not expected(SRC) based on the vapor pressure(3). Demeton-S (isosystox) was photolyzed 69, 74, and 24% when incorporated into 3 different soils and irradiated in natural sunlight for 8 days(5), suggesting direct or indirect photolysis may be an important fate process for systox on soil surfaces(SRC). The half-life of demeton-S-methyl in soil was reported as 26 days(6), suggesting that systox will also biodegrade in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 70 measured in soil for demeton-S(isosytox)and a Koc value of 387 measured in soil for demeton-O(2), indicates that systox is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole (SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 3.4X10-4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 666 mg/L(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 16(SRC), from its water solubility(5) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The hydrolysis half-life of systox at pH 9 and 8 at 30 °C was 4.2 and 8.5 hours, respectively(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), systox, which has a vapor pressure of 3.4X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phase. Vapor-phase systox is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals. The half-life for this reaction in air is estimated as 3 to 5 hours from its rate constant of 8X10-11 cm/molec-sec (isosytox) and 1.33X10-10 cu cm/molec-sec (demeton-O)(SRC), derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase systox may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Demeton-S (isosystox) was photodegraded when applied to soil surfaces and exposed to natural sunlight(4), suggesting photolysis of systox in the atmosphere is possible(SRC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Signs of intoxication /from acute oral admin to ducks/: polydipsia, weakness, goose-stepping ataxia, lacrimation, salivation, tremors, tachypnea, dyspnea, prostration, convulsions with miosis and apnea, tetany or opisthotonos. Signs appeared as soon as 6 min after treatment and mortalities usually occurred in 1 to 3 hr.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ The calculated percutaneous LD50 for 10-mo-old mallard drakes ... after 24 hr dermal foot exposure is 24.0 (confidence limit 6.00 to 96.0) mg/kg. Signs observed after percutaneous treatment included ... running and falling, hyporeactivity, myasthenia, slowness, ataxia, asthenia, and sitting. Signs appeared as soon as 1 hr and mortalities usually occurred from 5 to 20.5 hr after initiation of treatment; however, 1 mortality occurred between 6 and 7 days after treatment. Mild dermal irritation occurred after percutaneous exposure to demeton. Dead mallards exhibited penile extrusion.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Ducklings hatched from eggs innoculated with demeton at the rate of 0.01 mg/egg on day 13 of incubation had partial to complete loss of voluntary control of one or both hind legs. Some were excitable and ataxic. The difficulties gradually disappeared about 1 week after hatching, but the growth of treated ducklings remained retarded. Histological examination of the skeletal muscles revealed areas of degenerative change and other areas of marked regenerative activity.

Convulsions. Dizziness. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Vomiting. Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation. Sweating. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain.

Abdominal cramps. Diarrhoea. Vomiting. See Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin; miosis, ache eyes, rhinorrhea (discharge of thin nasal mucus), headache; chest tightness, wheezing, laryngeal spasm, salivation, cyanosis; anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea; localized sweating; muscle fasciculation, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), paralysis; dizziness, confusion, ataxia; convulsions, coma; low blood pressure; cardiac irreg

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to birds, bees and mammals. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

Demeton

Nervous

4 x 10 ^-5 mg/kg-day

Where tolerances are established for residues of both O,O-diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorodithioate and demeton (a mixture of O,O-diethyl O-(and S-) [2-(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorothioates) on the same raw agricultural commodity, the total amount of such pesticides shall not yield more residue than that permitted by the larger of the two tolerances, calculated as demeton.

Tolerances are established for the combined residues of the insecticide O,O-diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorodithioate and its cholinesterase-inhibiting metabolites, calculated as demeton, in or on the following raw agricultural commodities:[Table#775]

Tolerances with regional registrations. Tolerances with regional registration, as defined in §180.1(n), are established for the combined residues of O,O-diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorodithioate and its cholinesterase-inhibiting metabolites, calculated as demeton, in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: Asparagus.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Demeton is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0143; Pesticide type: Insecticide (Acaricide); Registration Standard Date: 02/27/85; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered ... The case /is characterized/ as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.; Active ingredient (AI): Demeton; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Demeton is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs.

Used as an insecticide, especially on ornamentals and nursery stock; [HSDB]

Cancelled--no longer registered as a pesticide for use in the US; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Systemic insecticide (absorbed by plant, which then becomes toxic to sucking and chewing insects).

Systox has been used widely as systemic insecticide for ornamentals and nursery stock

REACTION OF O,O-DIETHYLPHOSPHOROCHLORIDODITHIOATE WITH BETA-HYDROXYETHYL ETHYL SULFIDE IN PRESENCE OF METALLIC SODIUM & REACTION OF DIETHYL PHOSPHITE & BETA-ETHYLMERCAPTOETHYL THIOCYANATE IN PRESENCE OF METALLIC SODIUM TO YIELD THE MIXTURE, DEMETON (SYSTOX)

/IT IS PREPARED/ BY REACTION OF 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFIDE ON DIETHYL PHOSPHOROCHLORIDOTHIOATE ... IN TOLUENE IN PRESENCE OF ANHYDROUS SODIUM CARBONATE & METALLIC COPPER. ISOMERIZATION OCCURS & RESULTANT PRODUCT IS APPROX 65-35 MIXTURE OF ... /DEMETON-O & DEMETON-S/.

/Former/ The preparations available on the market contain approx 30% mixture of demeton isomers & an emulsifier.

Emulsifiable concentrates containing 2 & 6 lb demeton/USA gal (Mobay). 50% in activated charcoal for seed & soil treatment (Bayer).

The technical isomer mixture (2 : 1 ratio of Demeton S to Demeton O) has been used widely as a systemic insecticide for ornamentals and nursery stock.

Trade Names: Demox; Mercaptofos; Systox; Bay 10756; Bayer 8169; ENT 17,295

The used /demeton/ mixture consists of 65 parts thiono and 35 parts thiol isomers.

Compatibility of systox is doubtful with calcium arsenate, paris green, urea, zinc arsenate, & cyprex (physical incompatibility). Systox is incompatible with bordeaux, lime, & lime sulfur.

Isomeric mixture consisting of demeton-O & demeton-S (O,O-diethyl O(and S)-ethylmercaptoethyl thiophosphates). Another name for demeton-S is isosytox.

/It/ can be applied as foliage spray or soil drench. Effective as stomach poison when taken into insect digestive system, as a contact poison when it reaches nervous system. Recommended generally for systemic control of sucking insects, such as aphids & mites. Systox rapidly penetrates plant tissues & is translocated in the plant ... Used on wide variety of field, fruit, nut, & vegetable crops & ornamentals.

/DEMETON IS/ ESPECIALLY EFFECTIVE AGAINST APHIDS & COTTON MITES. COLORADO BEETLES & LARVAE ARE KILLED IN 5-10 HR BY A 5% TALC DUST.

Production of Systox (demeton) was last reported by the USITC in 1986; the sole manufacturer was Mobay Chem Corp, Agric Chem Div, Hawthorne Rd, Kansas City, MO 64120, (816)242-2345.