Silicon tetrachloride

1.48 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.52 @ 0 °C/4 °C

Density: 1.90 @ -97 °C; Liq: 1.483 @ 20 °C; Decomp in alcohol

Relative density (water = 1): 1.48

1.482 @25 °C

Miscible with benzene, ether, chloroform, petroleum ether

Miscible in all proportions with carbon tetrachloride, tin tetrachloride, titanium chloride, sulfur mono- & dichlorides

Solubility in water: reaction

135.7 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

135.7 °F

59 °C

57 °C

57.57 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-94 °F (USCG, 1999)

-70 °C

-68 °C

-70 °C

7.59 g/l

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 5.9

236.0 [mmHg]

236 mm Hg @ 25 °C /Calculated from experimentally derived coefficients/

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 26

Warning

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]；H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]；H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.2% (1 of 440) of reports.

Chemical: Silane, tetrachloro-

Silane, tetrachloro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Silane, tetrachloro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 18-10-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15172

Silane, tetrachloro-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Behavior in Fire: Contact with water in foam applied to adjacent fires will produce irritating fumes of hydrogen chloride. (USCG, 1999)

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.；· UN1802, UN2032, UN3084, UN3093, UN1796 (above 50%), UN1826 (above 50%), and UN2031 (above 65%) may act as oxidizers. Also consult GUIDE 140.；· Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.).；· Substance may react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff.；· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.；· Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

NOT FLAMMABLE

CERTAIN STRONG CORROSIVES MAY, ON CONTACT WITH ORGANIC MATTER OR OTHER CHEMICALS, CAUSE FIRE... /CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES/

Inhalation causes severe irritation of upper respiratory tract resulting in coughing, choking, and a feeling of suffocation; continued inhalation may produce ulceration of the nose, throat, and larynx; if inhaled deeply, edema of the lungs may occur. Contact of liquid with eyes causes severe irritation and painful burns; may cause permanent visual impairment. Liquid may cause severe burns of skin. Repeated skin contact with dilute solutions or exposure to concentrated vapors may cause dermatitis. Ingestion causes severe internal injury with pain in the throat and stomach, intense thirst, difficulty in swallowing, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; in severe cases, collapse and unconsciousness may result. (USCG, 1999)

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.；· Reaction with water or moist air may release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases.；· Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air.；· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.；· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

Decomposes in water to release hydrochloric acid; [Merck Index # 8500] Contact can cause severe burns to skin and eyes; Inhalation can cause pulmonary edema; [CAMEO] Silicon tetrachloride is a skin irritant. [Quick CPC] Corrosive to rabbit skin when applied undiluted; In a spill accident, several people were treated for burning of the eyes and respiratory tract; in most cases, symptoms cleared within 24 hours; [AIHA]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:；Note: Some foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.；SMALL FIRE: CO2 (except for Cyanides), dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.；LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.；FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

NO water. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention . Wear protective gloves when administering first aid.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give nothing to drink. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.；· Keep unauthorized personnel away.；· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.；· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.；· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.；· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.；· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.；· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.；· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.；· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.；· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.；Small Spill；· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.；· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

Get medical attention at once following any exposure to this compound.；INHALATION: remove victim from contaminated atmosphere; if breathing has ceased, start mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; oxygen should only be administered by an experienced person when authorized by a physician; keep patient warm and comfortable.；EYES: immediately flush with large quantities of running water for a minimum of 15 min.; continue irrigation for an additional 15 min. if physician is (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:；· Call 911 or emergency medical service.；· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.；· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.；· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.；· If victim is not breathing:；-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.；-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).；-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.；· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.；· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.；· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.；· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.；· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.；· Keep victim calm and warm.；· Keep victim under observation.；· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.；· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.；Specific First Aid:；· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).；· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.；· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM ON ADJACENT FIRES.

Materials and methods used for the field testing of foams on silicon tetrachloride are described. Two foams were tested incl a high water retention foam with stability over a wide pH range & an ammoniated foam that converts the chlorine portion of the foams to ammonium chloride rather than hydrogen chloride. Results show the application of foam significantly reduced the vapor hazard from spilled silicon tetrachloride.

Storage temperature: ambient.

IN THE ABSENCE OF WATER IT HAS PRACTICALLY NO ACTION ON IRON, STEEL, OR THE COMMON METALS AND ALLOYS, AND CAN BE STORED AND HANDLED IN METAL EQUIPMENT WITHOUT DANGER.

ALL CONTAINERS, PIPES, APPARATUS, INSTALLATIONS & STRUCTURES USED FOR MFR, STORAGE, TRANSPORT OR USE OF THESE SUBSTANCES MUST BE OF MATERIAL RESISTANT TO CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES OR BE PROTECTED BY SUITABLE COATINGS... ALL CONTAINERS OR RECEPTACLES SHOULD BE CLEARLY LABELLED TO INDICATE THEIR CONTENTS & SHOULD BEAR DANGER SYMBOL FOR CORROSIVES. /CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:；ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.；SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/LABORATORY QUANTITIES/: Chemical treatment: Transfer into an evaporating dish containing sodium bicarbonate. Spray with ammonia (6m-NH4OH) /6 M-ammonium hydroxide/ while stirring and then spread with crushed ice. Continue spraying with ammonia until the smoke of ammonium chloride partly subsides and add iced water while stirring. Neutralize and slowly transfer the mixture into a drain with running water.

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Pain. Blisters. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse.

MAY BE IRRITATING TO EYES ...

A spill of silicon tetrachloride caused the evacuation of several thousand people from an industrial park; 28 persons sought medical attention. Five of the workers experienced recurrent headaches, and two complained of pedal dysesthesias after the accident. Although temporal relationship between the exposure and onset of these symptoms is notable, no definite etiologic relationship could be established.

.../CHLOROSILANES/ CONSIDERED NON-CORROSIVE IN THEIR NATURAL, DRY STATE MAY BECOME CORROSIVE WHEN IN CONTACT WITH WATER OR MOISTURE OF SKIN & MUCOUS MEMBRANES. ...DURING...HYDROLYSIS, CORROSIVE HALOGEN COMPOUNDS ARE RELEASED. /CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES/

THERE IS...NO EVIDENCE OF SILICOSIS-TYPE LESIONS IN PERSONS HANDLING CHLOROSILANES. /CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SILICON TETRACHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

VAPOR IS IRRITATING TO EYES & RESP TRACT, & A SMALL DROP OF ... /TETRACHLOROSILANE/ ON RABBIT EYES CAUSES SEVERE DAMAGE.

/WHEN INSTILLED/...INTO EYE OF RABBIT ALL THESE COMPD /METHYL & ETHYL CHLOROSILANES/, EVEN @ VERY LOW DOSES (0.05 ML), CAUSED SEVERE BURNS OF CORNEA & EYELIDS. .../WHEN APPLIED/ TO SKIN OF RABBIT THE REGION ATTACKED BY CHLOROSILANES BLANCHES & BLISTERS APPEAR; ACTION IS MORE MARKED THE DAMPER SURFACE OF SKIN. /CHLOROSILANES/

/VIA INHALATION/ THEY HAVE A CORROSIVE ACTION WHEN BROUGHT INTO CONTACT WITH MUCOUS MEMBRANES. /CHLOROSILANES/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Chlorine and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's to support vital signs if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider vasopressors to treat hypotension without signs of hypovolemia ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Chlorine and related compounds/

Chemical: Silane, tetrachloro-

Silane, tetrachloro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Silane, tetrachloro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 18-10-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15172

Silane, tetrachloro-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Silicon tetrachloride

A Commercial Grade

A Placarded Amount

Chemical or material that can be mixed with readily available materials.

Used to produce military smokescreens; Used to manufacture silicones, fused silica glass, fumed silica, silica fiber optic waveguides, transistors, and other chemical products; [HSDB]

Semiconductor Manufacturing [Category: Industry]；Toxic Gas from Spilling Chemical in Water [Category: Other]；Glass Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

PRODUCING SMOKESCREENS IN WARFARE

IN MFR OF TRANSISTORS

MFR OF ETHYL SILICATE & SIMILAR COMPD; PRODUCTION OF SILICONES, MFR OF HIGH-PURITY SILICA & FUSED SILICA GLASS; SOURCE OF SILICA & HYDROGEN CHLORIDE; LABORATORY REAGENT

The overwhelming use for tetrachlorosilane is in the production of fumed silica. Also utilized in the production of tetraalkoxysilanes and silica fiber optic waveguides.

Grades: Technical; 99.5%; CP (99.8%); semiconductor

Low purity tetrachlorosilane used as a raw material in the production of fumed silica contains some trichlorosilane as well as methyltrichlorosilane.

PREPARED FROM THE ELEMENTS.

HEATING SILICON DIOXIDE AND COKE IN A STREAM OF CHLORINE.

Can be manufactured directly by the reaction of chlorine on silicon metal or ferrosilicon at 500 °C or silicon carbide.

Industrial tetrachlorosilane derives from two processes associated with trichlorosilane, the direct reaction of hydrogen chloride on silicon primarily produced as an intermediate for fumed silica production, and as a byproduct in the disproportionation reaction of trichlorosilane to silane utilized in microelectronics.

Byproduct in the production of zirconium tetrachloride.

All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing；Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing；Primary Metal Manufacturing

Silane, tetrachloro-: ACTIVE

The production of tetrachlorosilane directly by the reaction of chlorine on silicon was abandoned worldwide in the early 1980s.

The production of tetrachlorosilane as a byproduct of zirconium tetrachloride has decreased in the 1990s owing to reduction in demand for zirconium in nuclear facilities. Previously substantial quantites were produced by this route.