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HCID 24840생성일: 2026년 10월 27일

과염소산마그네슘

과염소산마그네슘 · 무수마그네슘퍼클로레이트 · 안히드론 · 디히드리트 · 과염소산 마그네슘 · anhydrous magnesium · XKM 300 · KhKM 300

https://huagongshe.com/ko/chemical/24840

과염소산마그네슘 분자 구조식

식별자 및 물리적 특성

CAS No.10034-81-8
분자식Mg(ClO4)2
평균 분자량223.2 g/mol
단동위원소 질량221.88206402 g/mol
SMILES[Mg+2].[O-][Cl+3]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Cl+3]([O-])([O-])[O-]
InChIKeyMPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L
PubChem CID24840
ChEBICHEBI:184579
EC No.233-108-3
DTXSIDDTXSID70890617
현지명과염소산마그네슘

화학 및 물리적 성질

극성 표면적149
수소 결합 공여자 수0
수소 결합 수용자 수8
회전 가능 결합 수0
무거운 원자 수11
형식 전하0
복잡도95.8
물질 분류Other Classes -> Perchlorates
냄새Odorless
밀도2.21 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sinkDensity = 1.98decomposes at 185-190 °C /Hexahydrate/2.2 @25 °C2,21 g/cm3
Color/FormWhite, granular, or flaky powder
용해도99.3 G/100 CC OF H20 & 23.96 G/100 CC OF ALCOHOL, EACH AT 25 °C에탄올(약간), 물(약간)에 용해됨
끓는 점Decomposes above 482.0 °F (USCG, 1999)
DecompositionWhen heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /magnesium oxide and hydrogen chloride/./Decomposes/ above 250 °C.
녹는점Decomposes at 250 °C251 °C
Physical DescriptionMagnesium perchlorate appears as a white crystalline solid. Strongly absorbs water from air and dissolves in it. Accordingly, used as a regenerable drying agent. May explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire.White deliquescent solid[CAMEO] Odorless[HSDB] White odorless granules[Alfa Aesar MSDS]
Other Experimental PropertiesCrystallizes from water with 6H2Overy hygroscopicdecomposes above 250 °Cdissolves in water with evolution of considerable amount of heatOxidizing agentHeat of solution: -260 Btu/lb= -140 cal/g= -6.0X10+5 J/kg
증기압0Pa at 25℃
저장 조건Hygroscopic, Room Temperature, Under inert atmosphere
물리적 상태고체
비중2.21
색상하얀색
용해도과염소산마그네슘은 물, 에탄올에 용해됩니다.
Merck14,5678
안정성안정적이지만 습기에 민감합니다. 산화제 - 가연성 물질과 접촉하면 화재가 발생할 수 있습니다. 환원제, 유기 물질, 트리메틸 인산염, 분말 금속, 강산, 인과 호환되지 않습니다.
InChI1S/2ClHO4.Mg/c2*2-1(3,4)5/h2*(H,2,3,4,5)/q+2/p-2
InChIKeyMPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L
SMILES[Mg++].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O
LogP(분배 계수)-6.53 at 25℃
EPAPerchloric acid, magnesium salt (2:1) (10034-81-8)

안전 및 규제

GHS 분류DangerH271 (16.4%): May cause fire or explosionstrong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquidsOxidizing solids]P210, P220, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P283, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P306+P360, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P403+P233, P405, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 61 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.H272: May intensify fireoxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids
규제 정보Chemical: Perchloric acid, magnesium saltStatus: Active Update: 11-08-2020 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/29608Perchloric acid, magnesium salt: HSNO Approval: HSR001331 Approved with controls
기타 안전 정보IMAP assessments - Perchlorates: Human health tier II assessment
운송 라벨(DOT)Oxidizer
화재 위험Behavior in Fire: Can form explosive mixture with combustible material or finely powdered metals. Increases the intensity of fires. (USCG, 1999)CAUTION: Ammonium nitrate products may explode if involved in fire or contaminated with hydrocarbons (fuels), organic matter, other contaminants or when hot molten and contained. Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).
화재 가능성POWERFUL OXIDIZING MATERIALMIXTURES WITH COMBUSTIBLE ORG OR OTHER EASILY OXIDIZABLE MATERIALS...ARE IGNITED READILY BY FRICTION OR HEAT.It is noncombustible but it will accelerate the burning of combustible materials.
건강 유해성Inhalation of dust irritates mucous membranes. Ingestion of large amounts may be fatalimmediate symptoms include adominal pains, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, pallor, blueness, shortness of breath, unconsciousness. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation. (USCG, 1999)· Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.
유해성 요약Skin and mucous membrane irritant

용도

개요

Magnesium perchlorate is a powerful oxidizing agent, with the formula Mg(ClO4)2. Magnesium perchlorate decomposes at 250°C. The heat of formation is 568.90 kJ/mol. If water is added to magnesium perchlorate, the reaction is highly exothermic and may cause damage to the eyes. Thus, this salt should be added to a sufficient amount of water in order to form a dilute solution.Mg(ClO4)2·6H2O is composed of white, deliquescent crystals which are soluble in water and alcohol but explosive when in contact with reducing materials. This compound is used as a drying agent for gases. This salt is highly exothermic when added to water and releases steamy HCl gas. It can be dried to form the anhydrate by heating to 250°C under vacuum. The hexahydrate losses two molecules of water at 244°C in air and further decomposes to the dihydrate at 336°C and the anhydrate at 438°C. The anhydrate has been used as a desiccant to dry gas streams or air samples. However, it is no longer used since perchlorates tend to form explosive compounds with a variety of organic materials as well as other substances.

용도

Magnesium perchlorate is commonly utilized as a potent oxidizing agent. It is used as dehydrating agent in organic synthesis. It is practiced in many domains like pharma industry, pyrotechnics industry,in rechargeable batteries and it is a versatile tool in organic synthesis. It possesses photoelectronic and optical properties. Thus it can be used in photo electronic and optoelectronic devices. It is applied as a strong drying agent for gases.

일반 설명

A white crystalline solid. Strongly absorbs water from air and dissolves in it. Accordingly, used as a regenerable drying agent. May explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire.

제조 및 합성 방법

제조 방법

Magnesium perchlorate can be prepared by reacting magnesium carbonate with a solution of perchloric acid: MgCO3＋ HClO4→Mg(ClO4)2＋ CO2 This salt can also be prepared by an electrochemical method in water whereby magnesium perchlorate is formed from magnesium chlorate in which a platinum anode and a rotating stainless steel cathode are employed.

[HSDB] Information is limited, but concentrated solutions are probably not irritating
May induce methemoglobinemia after ingestion
[CHEMINFO] Very toxic by ingestion
[CAMEO] A skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritant
[CHRIS] An oxidizing agent that may cause fire on contact with combustible materials
A skin and strong eye irritant
[Alfa Aesar MSDS] See PERCHLORATES.
운송 번호 및 가이드(DOT)1475 140
반응성 그룹Oxidizing Agents, Strong
Reactivity AlertsExplosive
Reactivity ProfileMAGNESIUM PERCHLORATE is a strong oxidizing agent. Decomposes at 185-190 °C [Hawley]. Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible materials. If large quantities are involved in the fire or the combustible material is finely divided an explosion may result. Avoid contact with mineral acids because of the danger of explosion. In the preparation of anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide by vacuum distillation from anhydrous magnesium perchlorate, an explosion occurred [MCA Case History 1187, 1966]. Drying ethylene oxide with magnesium perchlorate resulted in an explosion [NSC Newsletter. Chem. Soc. 1959]. Magnesium perchlorate used in drying hydrocarbons exploded when heated to 220 °C [Ind. & Eng. News 17:70. 1939]. As soon as trimethyl phosphite contacted a small amount of magnesium perchlorate in a flask, there was a flash and an explosion that shattered the flask [Allison 1968].
DOT Emergency Guidelines/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Fire or Explosion: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard./GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Health: Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution./GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering./GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for MAGNESIUM PERCHLORATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
소화Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:
누출 비상 조치· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
응급 처치INHALATION: remove victim to fresh airget medical attention if irritation persists.General First Aid:
노출 관리 및 개인 보호· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
소화 절차If material on fire or involved in fire: Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.
보관 조건PROTECT AGAINST PHYSICAL DAMAGE. STORE IN DRY PLACE OF NONCOMBUSTIBLE CONSTRUCTION, SEPARATE FROM COMBUSTIBLE, ORG, READILY OXIDIZABLE MATERIALS, & ACIDS.Keep tightly closed.
정리 방법IMMEDIATELY REMOVE & CAREFULLY DISPOSE OF ANY SPILLED PERCHLORATE.
비화재 누출 대응Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:
처리 방법SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
Preventive MeasuresIf material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.Personnel protection: ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
Isolation and EvacuationExcerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:Immediate precautionary measure
Minimum Risk LevelChronic Oral: 0.0007 mg/kg/day (L900)
TreatmentIn case of oral exposure, immediately dilute with 4 to 8 ounces (120 to 240 mol) of water or milk. Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first. Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gas or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed. Following inhalation, Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. In case of acute lung injury, maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gas or pulse oximetry monitoring. Following eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. Following dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines. (T36)
건강 영향Adverse effects on a wide variety of organ systems can result from disruption in the availability of T3 to target tissues. Organ systems affected by disturbances in T3 levels include the skin, cardiovascular system, pulmonary system, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, liver, blood, neuromuscular system, central nervous system, skeleton, male and female reproductive systems, and numerous endocrine organs, including the pituitary and adrenal glands. Such an array of secondary potential targets underscores the need to maintain an adequate level of circulating thyroid hormones. Perchlorate, an environmental contaminant, is known to disturb the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis by blocking iodide accumulation in the thyroid. Iodide deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism and goiter (L894, A267).
유해 작용Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the bloodthe compound is classified as secondary toxic effect
노출 경로Inhalation (L894)oral (L894)dermal (L894)eye contact (L894).
독성 요약The primary and most sensitive target of the perchlorate anion (perchlorate) is the thyroid gland. Perchlorate inhibits the transport of iodide (I-) from the blood into the thyroid follicle cells. The inhibition is thought to be accomplished by perchlorate competitively blocking iodide binding to a carrier, or sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), which catalyzes the simultaneous transfer of Na+ and I-across the basolateral membrane of thyroid follicle cells. Perchlorate inhibition of the NIS can limit the availability of iodide needed for the production of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which in turn, may affect the circulating levels of T4 and T3. All known effects of perchlorate on the thyroid hormone system derive directly or secondarily from the inhibition of the NIS. T3 is essential for normal development of the nervous system and for the regulation of metabolism of cells in nearly all tissues of the body. Disruption in the availability of T3 in target tissues can result in adverse effects on a wide variety of organs and systems (L894).
Signs and SymptomsIrritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system, depending on the route of exposure. Esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation could occur following exposures (L894).
Carcinogen ClassificationNo indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Antidote and Emergency TreatmentBasic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Magnesium and Related Compounds/Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in severe respiratory distress. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Magnesium and Related Compounds/Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Chlorates and Related Compounds/Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Treat seizures with diazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Chlorates and Related Compounds/
Non-Human Toxicity ValuesLD50 Mouse intraperitoneal 1500 mg/kg
State Drinking Water Standards(CA) CALIFORNIA 6 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/(MA) MASSACHUSETTS 2 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/
주 식수 지침(CA) CALIFORNIA 6 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/(ME) MAINE 1 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/
수질 위해 등급(WGK)3
TSCA 등재 상태TSCA listed
RTECS 번호SC8925000
운송 번호(UN)UN 1475 (MAGNESIUM PERCHLORATE)
독성LD50 ipr-mus: 1500 mg/kg JAFCAU 14,512,66
관세 코드28299010
위험 문구(R)8-36/37/38-14/15
위험 표시O,Xi
안전 문구(S)17-26-27-36/37/39-43-7/8
포장분류II
위험 등급5.1Eye Irrit. 2Ox. Sol. 2Skin Irrit. 2STOT SE 3
기존화학 물질KE-22732
F 고인화성물질3-10
저장 분류5.1A - Strongly oxidizing hazardous materials
유해 물질 데이터10034-81-8(Hazardous Substances Data)