Potassium arsenite

Keep unnecessary people away; stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Wear full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus.

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Warning: Effects usually appear within 30 minutes of exposure but may be delayed for several hours. Caution is advised.

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Inorganic arsenic plus methylated metabolites in urine = 35 ug As/L; end of workweek;

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, liquid, NOS/

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/

Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/

KEEP WELL CLOSED.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Protect container against physical damage. Store in well ventilated area away from food or food products and combustible materials. /Inorganic arsenic cmpd/

Prompt cleanup and removal are necessary. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

Both arsenate and arsenite can be removed from the water column by co-precipitation or adsorption onto iron oxides. Arsenate species can also be removed by adsorption onto aluminum hydroxide and clays, while arsenite is readily adsorbed onto metal sulfides. /Arsenate and arsenite/

Floors and other accessible surfaces contaminated with inorganic arsenic may not be cleaned by the use of compressed air, and shoveling and brushing may be used only where vacuuming or other relevant methods have been tried and found not to be effective. /Inorganic arsenic compounds/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Chemical Treatability of Arsenic; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metal; Scale of Study: Pilot Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Domestic Wastewater + Pure Compound; Results of Study: 5ppm @ 4gpm @ pH= 7.0. Iron system-90% reduction; low lime system-80% reduction; high lime system-76% reduction; (3 coagulant systems were used; Iron system used 45 ppm as Fe of Fe2(SO4)3 @ pH= 6.0. Low lime system used 20 ppm Fe of Fe2(SO4)3 and 260 ppm of CaO @ pH= 10.0. High lime system used 600 ppm of CaO @ pH= 11.5. Chemical coagulation was followed by multimedia filtration). /Arsenic cmpd/

Chemical Treatability of Arsenic; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metal; Scale of Study: Full Scale Continuous Flow; Type of Wastewater Used: Domestic Wastewater; Results of Study: Effluent character (ppb): 2.5, 56% reduction with lime; 3.3, 24% reduction with lime; (lime dose of 350-400 ppm as calcium oxide @ pH= 11.3). /Arsenic cmpd/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for POTASSIUM ARSENITE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable, plastic containers. Vacuum spilled material with specialist equipment. Vacuum spilled material with specialist equipment. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Arsenic poisoning can be treated by chelation therapy, using chelating agents such as dimercaprol, EDTA or DMSA. Charcoal tablets may also be used for less severe cases. In addition, maintaining a diet high in sulfur helps eliminate arsenic from the body. (L20)

LC50 Penaeus seliferus (white shrimp, juvenile) 24,700 ug/l/96 hr.

LC100 Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (pink salmon) 12,307 ug/l/96 hr; 7,195 ug/l/day.

LC50 Oncorhynchus keta (chum salmon) 8,330 ug/l/48 hr.

LC50 Daphnia magna (cladoceran) 2,850 ug/l/3 wk.

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for POTASSIUM ARSENITE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Oral (L2) ; inhalation (L2); dermal (L2)

Arsenic and its metabolites disrupt ATP production through several mechanisms. At the level of the citric acid cycle, arsenic inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase and by competing with phosphate it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, thus inhibiting energy-linked reduction of NAD+, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide production is also increased, which might form reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Arsenic's carginogenicity is influenced by the arsenical binding of tubulin, which results in aneuploidy, polyploidy and mitotic arrests. The binding of other arsenic protein targets may also cause altered DNA repair enzyme activity, altered DNA methylation patterns and cell proliferation. (T1, A17)

Cough. Headache. Laboured breathing. Sore throat. See Ingestion.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Dizziness. Headache. Shock or collapse.

Exposure to lower levels of arsenic can cause nausea and vomiting, decreased production of red and white blood cells, abnormal heart rhythm, damage to blood vessels, and a sensation of burn (T1).

... AN INSTANCE OF TRANSITORY ACUTE BLURRING OF VISION IN 1 EYE TO 5/18 ACCOMPANIED BY WIDE DILATION OF PUPIL OF THAT EYE, FOLLOWED BY COMPLETE RECOVERY IN 2 OR 3 DAYS HAS BEEN ASCRIBED TO TAKING 8 DROPS OF FOWLER'S SOLUTION ... THERE WERE NO SYMPTOMS OF ARSENIC POISONING & THE FUNDI WERE NORMAL. /ANOTHER CASE/ ... REPORTED IN WHICH COTTON WOOL PATCHES, SCATTERED SMALL HEMORRHAGES, & DILATED CAPILLARIES APPEARED IN CENTRAL FUNDI OF 32 YR OLD MAN WITH SINUS TROUBLE & ASTHMA WHO FOR 2 YR HAD TAKEN PROPRIETARY MEDICINE SAID TO INCLUDE FOWLER'S SOLN OR POTASSIUM ARSENITE IN UNSTATED AMOUNTS. FIVE YEARS AFTER ARSENICAL MEDICATION STOPPED, PATIENT HAD HEMORRHAGE IN VITREOUS IN 1 EYE AFTER HARD COUGHING & HE WAS FOUND TO HAVE DILATED VENULES, MICROANEURYSMS & PROLIFERATIVE VASCULAR RETINOPATHY IN MACULAS. ... APART FROM SUGGESTIVE HYPERKERATOSIS & DETECTION OF ARSENIC IN HAIR THERE WAS LITTLE EVIDENCE OF POISONING.

FOUR CASES OF HEMANGIOSARCOMA AND ONE CASE OF CARCINOMA OF THE LIVER HAVE BEEN REPORTED IN INDIVIDUALS EXPOSED TO MEDICINAL ARSENICAL PREPARATIONS.

IT IS KNOWN THAT LARGE DOSES /OF INORGANIC ARSENIC COMPD, PARTICULARLY FOWLER'S SOLN CONTAINING POTASSIUM ARSENITE/ TAKEN INTERNALLY LEAD TO CHRONIC CHANGES IN SKIN SUCH AS HYPERPIGMENTATION AND KERATOSES.

AN ELEVATED RATE OF SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGE WAS FOUND IN THE CULTURED PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES OF 6 PATIENTS WHO HAD BEEN EXPOSED TO 1% POTASSIUM ARSENITE (FOWLER'S SOLN) FOR ASTHMA, PSORIASIS OR ANXIETY FOR PERIODS RANGING FROM 4 MONTHS TO 27 YR; EXPOSURE HAD CEASED 1-56 YEARS BEFORE THE TIME OF STUDY. ALL 6 PATIENTS SUBSEQUENTLY DEVELOPED SKIN CARCINOMAS & ARSENIC KERATOSES; 3 HAD A HISTORY OF HIGH X-RAY EXPOSURE. THE EXPOSED GROUP HAD, ON AVG, 14 SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES PER MITOSIS, COMPARED WITH 5.8 IN 44 'NORMAL' INDIVIDUALS. THERE WAS NO DIFFERENCE IN INCIDENCE OF CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS BETWEEN THE 2 GROUPS.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for POTASSIUM ARSENITE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ 14 /Swiss/ mice /were painted/ with a total of 30 mg of potassium arsenite (8.7 mg As), dissolved in methanol, once a week for 10 weeks. Croton oil was also applied weekly, starting 25 days later. Three papillomas were observed in mice treated with potassium arsenite, while 4 papillomas appeared in 19 animals receiving croton oil only.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ A group of 100 mice were painted 3 times weekly with soln of potassium arsenite in ethanol containing 1.8% arsenic trioxide, later reduced to 0.12% due a to high death rate. Of 33 mice that lived for 3 months, 1 developed a metastasizing squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin after 5.5 months.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Negative results were ... obtained ... on cocarcinogenicity to mouse skin ... /by/ oral admin over 5 days of a total of 2.4 mg potassium arsenite/mouse to 20 Rockland all-purpose mice, 2-wk feeding of 0.676 g/kg of diet to 30 skin-tumor-susceptible mice or 48-wk of 0.169 g potassium arsenite/kg of diet (0.338 mg/kg of diet in first week only) to 30 skin-tumor-susceptible mice. These ... treatments were coupled with skin painting with croton oil or DMBA plus croton oil.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ ... Oral admin of 1 drop of ... Fowler's soln/wk for 5 months to ... 30 mice ... total dose of 7 mg ... led to significant incr in number of tumor-bearing animals. Tumors included adenocarcinomas of skin, lung, & lymph nodes & were observed at 14 months. ... No tumors were seen in 15 control mice. ... Tumors were observed in offspring of treated mothers, /after oral administration of Fowler's soln/ but not in offspring of control mice ...

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for POTASSIUM ARSENITE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, liquid, NOS/

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Potassium arsenite is included on this list.

(a) The owner or operator of an existing glass melting furnace subject to the provisions of this subpart shall comply with either paragraph (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section ... (1) Uncontrolled total arsenic emissions from the glass melting furnace shall be less than 2.5 Mg (2.7 ton) per year, or ... (2) Total arsenic emissions from glass melting furnace shall be conveyed to a control device and reduced by at least 85%. /Total arsenic/

(b) The owner or operator of a new or modified glass melting furnace subject to the provisions of this subpart shall comply with either paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section ... (1) Uncontrolled total arsenic emissions from the glass melting furnace shall be less than 0.4 Mg (0.44 ton) per year, or ... (2) Total arsenic emissions from glass melting furnace shall be conveyed to a control device and reduced by at least 85%. /Total arsenic/

The owner or operator of each copper converter subject to the provisions of this subpart shall reduce inorganic arsenic emissions to the atmosphere by meeting the following design, equipment, work practice, and operational requirements: (1) Install, operate, and maintain a secondary hood system on each copper converter. Each secondary hood system shall consist of a hood enclosure, air curtain fan(s), exhaust system fan(s), and ductwork that conveys the captured emission to a control device ... (2) Optimize the capture of secondary inorganic arsenic emission by operating the copper converter and secondary hood systems at all times ... . /Inorganic arsenic/

For more Atmospheric Standards (Complete) data for POTASSIUM ARSENITE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb or 0.454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Potassium arsenite is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 or 10,000 lbs. Extremely hazardous substances that are solids are subject to either of two threshold planning quantities ... The lower quantity applies only if the solid exists in powdered for and has a particle size less than 100 microns; or is handled in solution or in molten form; or meets the criteria for a National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) rating of 2, 3 or 4 for reactivity. If the solid does not meet any of these criteria, it is subject to the upper ... threshold planning quantity ... .

Potassium arsenite is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Arsenic & cmpd/

The national primary drinking water maximum contaminant level (MCL) for inorganic arsenic is 0.05 mg/l. /Inorganic arsenic/

For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcinogenic effects due to exposure of arsenic through ingestion of contaminated water & contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concn should be zero based on the nonthreshold assumption for this chemical. However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are estimated at 1X10-5, 1X10-6, & 1X10-7. The corresponding criteria are 22 ng/l, 2.2 ng/l, & .22 ng/l, respectively .... For consumption of aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 175 ng/ml, 17.5 ng/l, & 1.75 ng/l, respectively. /Arsenic/

D004; A solid waste containing arsenic may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

(AZ) ARIZONA 10 ug/L /Arsenic/

(CT) CONNECTICUT 10 ug/L /Arsenic/

10 ug/L /Arsenic/

Maximum Contaminant Level: 0.010 mg/L /Arsenic/