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HCID 25514생성일: 2026년 10월 27일

브롬화암모늄

부롬암몽HYDROBROMICACIDMONOAMMONIATE · 브롬화암모늄 · 암모늄브롬화물 · 하이드로브롬산 · 부롬암몽 · 암모늄브로마이드 · (NH4)Br · FR-11

https://huagongshe.com/ko/chemical/25514

브롬화암모늄 분자 구조식

식별자 및 물리적 특성

CAS No.12124-97-9
분자식BrH4N
평균 분자량97.94 g/mol
SMILES[Br-].[NH4+]
InChIKeySWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID25514
ChEBICHEBI:85364
EC No.235-183-8
DTXSIDDTXSID8035681
현지명브롬화암모늄

화학 및 물리적 성질

극성 표면적1
수소 결합 공여자 수1
수소 결합 수용자 수1
회전 가능 결합 수0
무거운 원자 수2
형식 전하0
복잡도0
물질 분류Nitrogen Compounds -> Ammonium Compounds
pHSlightly acid to litmus5.0-6.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
SpringerMaterials Propertiesdielectric constant
냄새Odorless냄새 없는
맛Pungent, saline taste
밀도2.429 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink2.429 at 25 °C2.429 @25 °C2.43 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Color/FormWhite tetragonal crystalsWhite crystals or granulesColorless crystals or yellowish white powder
용해도In water, 78.3 g/100 g water at 25 °CSoluble in acetone, ether, ammonia, in water, 97 g/100 cc at 25 °C, 145.6 g/100 cc at 100 °Cin alcohol, 10 g/100 cc at 78 °CFreely soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetoneslightly soluble in etherpractically insoluble in ethyl acetateH2O: 1 M at 20 °C, 투명, 무색
끓는 점Sublimes 1007 °F (USCG, 1999)396 °C (sublimation point)BP: 235 °C (in vacuum)235 °C @760 [mm Hg]396 °C/1 atm (lit.)
녹는점Sublimes without melting (USCG, 1999)542 °C (decomposes)452 °C452 °C (lit.)
증기압VP: 1 mm Hg at 198.3 °C1 mm Hg ( 198.3 °C)
Food Contact SubstancesFCS -> FDA Cumulative Estimated Daily Intake (CEDI)FCS -> FDA Inventory of Effective Food Contact Substance (FCS) Notifications
저장 조건Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
pKa(산도 계수)-1.03±0.70(Predicted)
물리적 상태분말/고체
비중2.429
색상하얀색
용해도97g/100mL(25℃)
비열Cp(crystal): 0.98 J/(g·K), at 25℃
Merck14,505
유전율7.2(0.0℃)
안정성안정적인. 산, 삼불화 브롬, 삼염화 브롬, 대부분의 일반적인 금속과 호환되지 않습니다.
InChI1S/BrH.H3N/h1H1H3
InChIKeySWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILESN.Br[H]
LogP(분배 계수)-1 at 25℃
NISTAmmonium bromide(12124-97-9)
EPAAmmonium bromide (12124-97-9)

화학적 성질

Ammonium bromide is a weak acid with a pKa of approximately 5 in water. It is an acid salt because the ammonium ion hydrolyzes slightly in water. NH4Br(s) → NH+4(aq) + Br-(aq)It decomposes to ammonia and hydrogen bromide when heated at elevated temperatures.

안전 및 규제

GHS 분류DangerH319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]P203, P260, P261, P263, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P337+P317, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.4% (3 of 704) of reports.H319 (99.6%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
규제 정보Chemical: Ammonium bromide ((NH4)Br)Hazard Traits - Reproductive ToxicityAmmonium bromide ((NH4)Br) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Ammonium bromide ((NH4)Br) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 30-05-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/10999Ammonium bromide: Non hazardous
기타 안전 정보IMAP assessments - Ammonium bromide ((NH4)Br): Environment tier I assessment
화재 위험Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Material decomposes into N 2 and HBr or Br 2 under extreme temperatures. (USCG, 1999)
건강 유해성INHALATION: Dust irritating - disturbed behavior, sedation. EYES: Slight irritation. SKIN: Slight irritation only with repeated or prolonged contact. INGESTION: Weakness, nervousness, anorexia, confusion, hallucinations, drowsiness, irritability, ataxia, vertigo, skin rash. (USCG, 1999)
유해성 요약Emergency treatment: BromidesAcute bromide poisoning after ingestion is rare. Symptoms include CNS depression and comaSymptoms of chronic bromism are irritability, headache, confusion, lethargy, and slurred speech[HSDB] Symptoms of poisoning after ingestion may include weakness, nervousness, anorexia, confusion, hallucinations, drowsiness, irritability, ataxia, vertigo, and skin rash. [CAMEO] Slightly irritating to skin and eyes[CHRIS] An irritant[MSDSonline] See Bromine.
반응성 그룹Salts, Acidic
FIFRA 요건EPA/OPP Antimicrobial Pesticide Cases: Registration Review Schedule. Ammonium bromide scheduled for Fiscal Year 2012.

용도

개요

Ammonium bromide is soluble in water and alcohol and is not particularly hazardous under normal conditions.

용도

Ammonium bromide is a colorless crystals used for its bromide ion, it was also used as a halide in collodion formulas and as a restrainer in alkaline developers.

일반 설명

White odorless crystals or granules that become yellow upon exposure to air. Sinks and mixes in water.

제조 및 합성 방법

제조 방법

Ammonium bromide can be prepared by the direct action of hydrogen bromide on ammonia. NH3 + HBr → NH4Br

Reactivity ProfileBromine trifluoride reacts explosively with AMMONIUM BROMIDE [Mellor 2 Supp. 1:165 1956].
Air and Water ReactionsWater soluble
Hazard Classes and CategoriesEye Irrit. 2 (99.6%)Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 2BRepr. 1B
Skin, Eye, and Respiratory IrritationsSkin Irritation: rabbit, nonirritatingEye Irritation: Rabbit, Slightly irritating
Hazardous Reactivities and IncompatibilitiesIncompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong bases, heavy metals, silver salts, potassium.Bromine trifluoride reacts explosively with the following: ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride, ammonium iodide.Iodine heptafluoride reacts violently with ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride, or ammonium iodide.A mixture of potassium and any of the following compounds produces a weak explosion on impact: ammonium bromide, ammonium iodide, cadmium fluoride, chromium trifluoride, manganous bromide, manganous chloride, nickel fluoride, potassium chlorocuprate, silver chloride, silver iodide, strontium iodide, thallous chloride, and zinc fluoride.
소화Fire Extinguishing Agents: Water spray (USCG, 1999)
응급 처치EYES AND SKIN: Flush with large amounts of water.
Firefighting HazardsSpecial hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen bromide gas.
소화 절차Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.
보관 조건Keep well closed.Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Keep in a dry place. Air sensitive. Hygroscopic.
정리 방법Accidental Release Measures: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
처리 방법SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.Waste treatment methods. Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.
Preventive MeasuresPrecautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.
Protective Action Criteria (PAC)8.1 [mg/m3]89 [mg/m3]530 [mg/m3]
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)In fire conditions wear self-contained breathing apparatus, wear goggles if eye protection not provided. (USCG, 1999)Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166 Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).Skin protection: Handle with gloves.Body Protection: Impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.Respiratory protection: For nuisance exposures use type P95 (US) or type P1 (EU EN 143) particle respirator.For higher level protection use type OV/AG/P99 (US) or type ABEK-P2 (EU EN 143) respirator cartridges. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
TreatmentEYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.
건강 영향Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627)
생태독성 수치LC50Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard Duck) age 7 daysdiet (chemical incorporated into food) >5000 ppm for 8 daysLD50Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard Duck) age 16 weeksoral via capsule >2000 mg/kgEC50Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green Algae)Conditions: freshwater, staticConcentration: 28 ug/L for 72 hr (95% confidence interval: 26-29 ug/L)Effect: decreased population abundanceSpecies: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <24 hrConditions: freshwater, flow throughConcentration: 23 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 17-27 ug/L)Effect: intoxication, immobilization /99.9% purity/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for AMMONIUM BROMIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
유해 작용Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin
노출 경로Oral (L626)inhalation (L626)dermal (L626)
독성 요약IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ammonium bromide exists as white crystals or granules. It is used in process engraving and lithography, fireproofing of wood, and as a corrosion inhibitor. Bromide- containing medications is a prominent former use. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: The warning symptoms of bromide intoxication, bromism, include mental dullness, slurred speech, weakened memory, apathy, anorexia, constipation, drowsiness and loss of sensitivity to touch and pain. These symptoms disappear on discontinuing the drug, but continued use leads to more serious symptoms including restlessness, disorientation, ocular disturbances, ataxia, hallucinations, delirium, stupor and coma. Bromide rash, of an acneform, nodular, or sometimes erythematous type, is of fairly common occurrence but may be absent even in patients who have developed severe mental symptoms. Transplacental bromism had been described in the literature. ANIMAL STUDIES: Ammonium bromide was not irritating to skin, but slightly irritating to eyes in rabbits. Ames test conducted in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535,TA100,TA1538,TA98,TA1537 with and without metabolic activation was negative.Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543)
Signs and SymptomsBromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627)
Human Toxicity Excerpts/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Bromides (including ammonium bromide) have been widely used for their sedative and anticonvulsant effects but, because the blood concentration necessary to produce a therapeutic effect is usually close to that at which toxic effects become evident, they have been replaced by other agents. DOSE: 1 to 6 g daily in divided doses. TOXIC EFFECTS: The warning symptoms of bromide intoxication, bromism, include mental dullness, slurred speech, weakened memory, apathy, anorexia, constipation, drowsiness and loss of sensitivity to touch and pain. These symptoms disappear on discontinuing the drug, but continued use leads to more serious symptoms including restlessness, disorientation, ocular disturbances, ataxia, hallucinations, delirium, stupor and coma. Bromide rash, of an acneform, nodular, or sometimes erythematous type, is of fairly common occurance but may be absent even in patients who have developed severe mental symptoms. There is a clear evidence between blood-bromide concentration and symptoms, though individuals vary greatly. A toxic concentration can be reached very rapidly if the intake of chloride is reduced. High concentration of bromide has an irritant action on the stomach. A blood bromide concentration of 1 g (12.5 mmol) per litre is often regarded as the minimum intoxication level, though toxic symptoms may occur at lower concentrations, 2g/L produces toxic symptoms in most cases and 3 g/L is dangerous to life./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In addition to sedative and anticonvulsant effects, bromide produces a number of neuropsychiatric changes. in retrospective studies, it was found that many patients who were hospitalized in psychiatric institutions in the mid-20th century in fact had bromide intoxication./CASE REPORTS/ A 22-day-old girl was brought to the emergency department (ED) by her parents for excessive sleepiness and decreased oral intake over the prior 48 hours. Her birth history was unremarkable and her parents had no significant past medical history. Routine newborn exam and screens were also normal at birth. She had followup visits with a pediatrician and had been gaining weight appropriately. The parents stated that the child had some "colic" 2 weeks prior and her urine output was slightly decreased, but otherwise she had no recent illness, fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, or excessive crying. All other systems reviews were negative. Further questioning revealed that the parents had been adding Cordial de Monell, an "elixir" for colic, to each meal around the clock for about 12 days prior to the patient's current symptom onset. It was purchased locally, and is commonly used in the Dominican Republic and in the expatriate Dominican community in the US. The resident physician who was caring for this patient had a similar cultural background, was familiar with this product, and remembered it contained "bromuro de potasio." The parents later brought in the actual product, confirming potassium bromide as a listed ingredient. The New York City Poison Control Center was consulted regarding whether exposure to potassium bromide could explain this patient's presentation. ... We believe this child suffered from excess therapeutic sedative exposure due to her size, age, and repeated exposure. Bromism is not nearly as common as it once was, but several forms of bromide are still readily available. This diagnosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with sedative-hypnotic-type intoxication. Elevations in the reported serum chloride levels and a negative anion gap are helpful findings if present, but our case and others before confirm that the lack of these features do not rule out this poisoning. This case further illustrates the need for clinicians to be diligent in obtaining thorough medication, dietary, herbal supplement, social, occupational, and cultural histories from their patients. Aggressive hydration with chloride-containing solutions is the cornerstone of treatment, and in severe cases dialysis may be considered. Bromides are not gone, and bromism should not be forgotten. /Bromides//CASE REPORTS/ Case reports of 8 patients with positive bromide tests and symptoms of bromide intoxication are presented. The patients, who had ingested Alva Tranquil, Nervine or Bromo-Seltzer (potassium bromide, sodium citrate, and citric acid), had significant histories of alcoholism. In 1 case, ingestion of 25 Nervine tablets produced a serum bromide level of 360 mg/100 mL. Toxic signs and symptoms are usually seen when serum bromide levels exceed 80 mg/100 ml. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of brominism are presented.For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for AMMONIUM BROMIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Carcinogen ClassificationNo indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Eye Irritation: Rabbit, Slightly irritating/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Skin Irritation: rabbit, nonirritating/GENOTOXICITY/ Ames test /was conducted in/ Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535,TA100,TA1538,TA98,TA1537 at concentrations 250, 500, 1250, 2500, 5000 ug/plate, with and without metabolic activation. The test levels selected were based on results of a preliminary toxicity test in strain TA98. Each test was conducted in duplicate and was carried out on two separate occasions. Positive controls (sodium azide, ICR-191, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD), 2-aminoanthracene) induced significant increases in reverant colony numbers with all strains, confirming sensitivity of the cultures and activity of S-9 mix. No significant increases in reversion to prototrophy were obtained with any of the 5 bacterial strains at the compound levels tested, either in the absence or presence of S-9 mix. Ammonium bromide was concluded to be devoid of mutagenic activity under the conditions of the study.
Probable Routes of Human ExposureAccording to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of ammonium bromide is 1 to 99the data may be greatly underestimated(1).NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 16,770 workers (3,784 of these were female) were potentially exposed to ammonium bromide in the US(1).
Antidote and Emergency TreatmentImmediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Bromine, methyl bromide, and related compounds/Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Bromine, methyl bromide, and related compounds/Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Bromine, methyl bromide, and related compounds/
수질 위해 등급(WGK)2
TSCA 등재 상태TSCA listed
RTECS 번호BO9155000
독성LD50 orally in Rabbit: 2714 mg/kg
관세 코드28275900
위험 문구(R)22-36/37/38-36
위험 표시Xn,Xi
안전 문구(S)22-24/25
기존화학 물질KE-01639
위험 등급Eye Irrit. 2Lact.Repr. 1BSTOT RE 1STOT SE 3
저장 분류6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects
유해 물질 데이터12124-97-9(Hazardous Substances Data)