플루오르화암모늄

1.32 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.015

1.01 g/cm³

1.00925 @25 °C

Deliquescent leaflets or needles; hexagonal prisms by sublimation; occurs commercially as a granular powder

White hexagonal crystals

83.5 g/100 g water at 25 °C

100 g/100 mL of water at 0 °C

82.780 lb/100 lb of water at 70 °F

45.3 g/100 g water at 25 °C

Slightly soluble in alcohol

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 45.3

Corrodes glass

At fire temp corrodes metals

May corrode cement

238 °C

sublimes

126 °C

Ammonium fluoride is a white crystalline solid. It is soluble in water. It is noncombustible. It is corrosive to aluminum. It is used in chemical analysis, in brewing, and as a preservative for wood.

Liquid; Dry Powder; Large Crystals; CBI

Colorless or white solid; [ICSC] Deliquescent; [Merck Index] White crystalline solid with an ammonia-like odor; [MSDSonline]

COLOURLESS CRYSTALS OR WHITE POWDER.

Danger

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Ammonium fluoride ((NH4)F)

Ammonium fluoride ((NH4)F) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Ammonium fluoride ((NH4)F) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 15-11-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/5498

Ammonium fluoride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic ammonia and hydrogen fluoride gases are formed in fires.

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Inhalation of dust may cause irritation of respiratory system. Ingestion is harmful; readily soluble fluorides may be fatal if relatively small quantities are swallowed. Contact with eyes causes local irritation of the mucous membrane. Contact with skin may cause burns. High concs. of fluorine in the urine have been reported following skin contact. (USCG, 1999)

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.

Steele, "Ammonium Fluoride" in Mellor's vol VIII, supplement I, Nitrogen (part 1), 370-377 (1964).

Indian Chemical Manufacturers Association (1986). Chemical safety information

USEPA, Office of Drinking Water; Criteria Document (Draft): Fluoride p.vi-48 (1985)

WHO; Environ Health Criteria: Fluoride (1984)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Begin first aid as quickly as possible.

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

1.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction, as F[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

Use appropriaet extinguishing agents on nearby combustibel fires. Use water spray to knock down acid vapors.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.)

May be stored in iron vessels.

Separate from acids, alkalies. Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated locations.

Spill or leak procedures: Isolate the area. Stop or control the leak. If this can be done without undue risk. Shovel into suitable dry container.

Sweep spilled substance into covered dry, plastic containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Environmental considerations- land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.

Environmental considerations- water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Adjust pH to neutral (pH= 7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered dry, plastic containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Ingestion of soluble fluoride salts. Salty or soapy taste, salivation, nausea. Repeated small doses (as in drinking water) may produce no other symptoms, but polyuria and polydipsia have also been reported. Large doses lead promptly to burning or crampy abdominal pain, intense vomiting and diarrhea, often with hematemesis and melena. Dehydration and thirst. Muscle weakness, tremors, and rarely transient epileptiform convulsions, preceded or followed by progressive central nervous depression (lethargy, coma and respiratory arrest, even in the absence of circulatory failure). Shock characterized by pallor, weak and thready pulse (sometimes irregular), shallow unlabored respiration, weak heart sounds, wet cold skin, cyanosis, anuria, dilated pupils, followed almost invariably by death in 2 to 4 hours. Even in the absence of shock, arrhythmias may occur, especially multiple episodes of ventricular fibrillation leading eventually to cardiac arrest. If the victim survives a few hours, paralysis of the muscles of deglutition, carpopedal spasm, and painful spasms of the extremities. Occasionally localized or generalized urticaria. The above signs and symptoms are related to a variety of metabolic disorders that may occur in acute fluoride poisoning, including hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, metabolic and/or respiratory acidosis and sometimes hyperkalemia. /Fluoride/

/CASE REPORTS/ In two separate cases, pediatric patients exposed to Armor-All Quicksilver Wheel Cleaner exhibited systemic toxicity including mental status changes, marked hypocalcemia, and ventricular fibrillation. One child also demonstrated profound hypomagnesemia. These are the first pediatric reports of near-fatal outcomes after ingestion or inhalation of a hydrofluoric acid-like product, namely, ammonium bifluoride. /Ammonium Bifluoride/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Male Wistar rats were exposed to /ammonium fluoride/ (NH4F) in concentration corresponding to mean annual limit of fluoride compounds in the atmospheric air. After 3, 6 and 9 months a microsomal fraction was isolated from the liver, and the composition as well as the metabolic activity of this fraction was determined. The content of microsomal protein increased after 3-month-long period of experiment, and subsequently it dropped after the period of 9 months. The content of phospholipids decreased after 3 months. The content of microsomal cholesterol was particularly high after a 6-month-long experiment. There were also changes in the contents of individual phospholipid fractions, and fatty acids of phospholipids. The content of cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5 and activity of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase did not change. Activity of NADPH-dependent reductase of cytochrome c decreased after the period of 9 months. Moreover, as consequence of changes in the activity of cytochrome P-450 system and the endoplasmic reticulum composition, alterations were observed in the metabolism of the tested substrates i.e. aniline and aminopyrine. The aniline turnover was inhibited after 6 and that of aminopyrine after 9 months experiment. The observed changes may prove that the detoxication capacity of the liver was impaired due to being exposed to ammonium fluoride.

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of ammonium fluoride is 100 to 999; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 17,582 workers (5,107 of these were female) were potentially exposed to ammonium fluoride in the US(1). Occupational exposure to ammonium fluoride may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ammonium fluoride is produced or used.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Fluorine and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Fluorine and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Fluorine and related compounds/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b).

Ammonium fluoride is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

Following ingestion, soluble fluorides are rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract at least to the extent of 97%. Absorbed fluoride is distributed throughout the tissues of the body by the blood. Fluoride concentrations in soft tissues fall to pre-exposure levels within a few hours of exposure. Fluoride exchange with hydroxyl radicals of hydroxyapatite (the inorganic constituent of bone) to form fluorohydroxyapatite. Fluoride that is not retained is excreted rapidly in urine. In adults under steady state intake conditions, the urinary concentration of fluoride tends to approximate the concentration of fluoride in the drinking water. This reflects the decreasing retention of fluoride (primarily in bone) with increasing age. Under certain conditions perspiration may be an important route of fluoride excretion. The concentration of fluoride retained in bones and teeth is a function of both the concentration of fluoride intake and the duration of exposure. Periods of excessive fluoride exposure will result in increased retention in the bone. However, when the excessive exposure is eliminated, the bone fluoride concentration will decrease to a concentration that is again reflective of intake. /Fluoride/

Used in etching and frosting glass; as antiseptic in brewing beer; for preserving wood; in printing and dyeing textiles; and as mothproofing agent; [HSDB] Used as a wet etchant in semiconductor manufacturing at a standard concentration of 40%; [CSH, p. 46]

Semiconductor Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Etching and frosting glass, as antiseptic in brewing beer; preserving wood; in printing and dyeing textiles; as mothproofing agent

Fluorides; analytical chemistry

Ammonium fluoride is available principally as a laboratory reagent. If it is needed in large quantities, one mole of aqueous ammonia can be mixed with one mole of the more readily available ammonium bifluoride.

2023: 7,000,000 - <8,500,000 lb

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Ammonium fluoride. Aggregated National Production Volume: 1 to < 10 million pounds.

Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: Ammonium fluoride. National Production Volume: 10,615,389 lb/yr.

Prepd by passing ammonia gas into ice-cooled 40% hydrofluoric acid or by heating 1 part ammonium chloride with 2.25 parts sodium fluoride and separating the ammonium fluoride by sublimation.

Interaction of ammonium hydroxide and hydrofluoric acid with subsequent crystallization. Method of purification: recrystallization.

Anhydrous ammonium fluoride is prepared by reacting anhydrous NH3 and HF or by heating aqueous solutions of NH4F at reduced pressure, so that a mixture of H2O and NH3 is distilled.

Grades: Technical; CP /chemically pure/.

GRADES OR PURITY: TECHNICAL, 96.0%; REAGENT; ELECTRONICS; LOW SODIUM MOS

-6 mesh particle size, 99.9% purity grade; 40% soln grade; electronic, ACS reagent grade

All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing

Ammonium fluoride ((NH4)F): ACTIVE

If it is needed in large quantities, one mole of aqueous ammonia can be mixed with one mole of the more readily available ammonium bifluoride.

Hydrofluoric acid was removed from waste gas from the mfr of fertilizers, phosphates, aluminum and enamels by 2 stage absorption with aqueous ammonium fluoride and ammonium bifluoride.