Phosphamidon

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Fire Service personnel should extinguish fires with alcohol-resistant foam, water spray, or dry powder.

You should store this material under ambient temperatures.

It... is packed in polyethylene containers.

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place. Do NOT wash away into sewer. (Extra personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Hydrolysis...: Treat phosphamidon by alkali, then mix the product with a portion of soil rich in organic matter. ...Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: Incineration in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing is recommendable for large amounts. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Hydrolysis: Hydrolysis products are pH dependent. Acidic hydrolysis yields alpha-chloroacetoacetic acid diethylamide. The amide can subsequently degrade to diethyl amine, carbon dioxide and chloroacetone in strong acid or with heating. A different series of products have been identified for the alkaline hydrolysis. Although the diethyl amide of alpha-chloroacetoacetic acid appears to initially form, it very rapidly hydrolyzes, even in weak alkaline soln, and yields chloride and the diethylamide of alpha-hydroxyacetoacetic acid. In strong alkali this amide can slowly hydrolyze to yield acetic acid and glycolic acid diethylamide. The product, glycolic acid diethylamide, is stable in base. The hydrolysis products are non-toxic and rapidly assimilated into natural constituents. Empty containers should be rinsed by an alkaline soln.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable non-metallic containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Poisonous if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin. ... Do not get in eyes, on skin or clothing. Do not breathe mist. ... Wash thoroughly after handling. Do not drink any alcoholic beverage before or during spraying since alcohol promotes absorption of organic phosphates.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PHOSPHAMIDON (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

...Phosphamidon and dimethylvinphos, have their acute toxicities reduced by phenobarbital pre-treatment.

Vitamin C, when admin concurrently with a pesticide ... phosphamidon ... could significantly decr the frequency of pesticide induced clastogenic and mitosis disruptive changes in the bone marrow cells of young Swiss Albino mice. Of these three doses (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg/bw) of the vitamin, the one which is double the human therapeutic dose (20 mg/kg/bw/day) was the most effective as an antimutagen to be followed by 40 mg and 10 mg. None of these doses of vitamin C showed any genotoxicity of their own for the parameters studied here.

Because different classes of enzymes may be inhibited, the effects of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning may be complex and potentially at least could involve interactions with drugs as well as with other pesticides or chemicals. Potentiation may also involve solvents or other components of formulated pesticides. Certain drugs such as phenothiazines, antihistamines, CNS depressants, barbiturates, xanthines (theophylline), aminoglycosides and parasympathomimetic agents are to be avoided because of increased toxicity.

/When citiolone was administered with phosphamidon/... significant depletion was observed in the glutathione-S-transferase activity as well as in the level of total and non-protein bound sulfhydryl groups in various CNS regions of phosphamidon intoxicated rats. When citiolone was administered alone, there was a remarkable elevation in glutathione-S-transferase activity. However, significant protection against glutathione-S-transferase inhibition was observed when phosphamidon and citiolone were administered simultaneously.

LD50 ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS (MALLARD) ORAL 3.05 MG/KG, 3 MO OLD FEMALES (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 2.91-5.00) /SAMPLE PURITY 80%/

LD50 PERDIX PERDIX (PARTRIDGE) ORAL 9.7 MG/KG, 3 MO OLD FEMALES & MALES (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 8.3-11.3)

LD50 ZENAIDA MACROURA (MOURNING DOVE) ORAL MALES AND FEMALES 2.0-4.0 MG/KG

LD50 ZENAIDA ASIATICA (WHITE WINGED DOVE) ORAL, ADULT MALE AND FEMALE, 2.93 MG/KG (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 2.44-3.66 MG/KG) /SAMPLE PURITY 80%/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for PHOSPHAMIDON (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a a soil thin layer chromatography study, retardation factors (Rf) of 0.91-0.92 in a silt loam, silt loam, and a fine sandy loam(1), indicate that phosphamidon has very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of phosphamidon from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(2) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Phosphamidon is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.65X10-5 mm Hg(4). Half-lives in loam, loamy sand, and sand of approximately 6, 3, and <3 days, respectively(5), indicate that biodegradation of phosphamidon may be an important environmental fate process in soil.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a a soil thin layer chromatography study, retardation factors (Rf) of 0.91-0.92 in a silt loam, silt loam, and a fine sandy loam(1) indicate that phosphamidon is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(2) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(3). According to a classification scheme(4), a BCF of <1(5) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Phosphamidon's hydrolysis half-lives at 23 °C are 74 days, 13.8 days, and 2.2 days at pH 4, 7, and 10, respectively(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), phosphamidon, which has a vapor pressure of 1.65X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase phosphamidon is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 10.5 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase phosphamidon may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of phosphamidon with ozone has been estimated as 1.6X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), derived using a structure estimation method(1); this corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(4).

In a pesticide screening study of 81 varieties of domestic and imported produce (6970 samples), no residues of phosphamidon were found above the detection limit of 0.50 ppm(1). According to FDAs Total Diet Study, April 1982-April 1984, the dietary intake of phosphamidon for each of seven population groups of different sex and age ranging from toddlers to seniors was <0.1 ng/kg body weight/day(2). According to FDA's Total Diet Study, phosphamidon residues are not present in food items consumed by infants(2). Phosphamidon is destroyed by heat >160 °C(3). After 1 hr of cooking, residue levels in apples and pears decreased by 80%(3). In a 1992-1993 FDA survey of domestic and imported pears and tomatoes, phosphamidon was not detected in any of the 710 domestic and 949 imported pear samples tested; neither was it detected in the 1219 domestic and 144 imported tomato samples tested(4).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ /Phosphamidon/ may be hazardous to the environment; special attention should be given to aquatic organisms, birds and honey bees.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Glycogen levels were decreased and lactic acid levels increased in the tissues (hepatopancreas, foot, and mantle) of mussels exposed to phosphamidon (8 ppm for 48 hr). /Phosphamidon/ decreased oxidative metabolism in the tissues of the mussels. Consequently, the mussels switch over to anaerobiasis as an adaptive measure to combat the induced toxicity.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Dimecron (2.50-6.00 ppm), produced elevated activity of fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase of liver, brain and gill tissues in Clarias batrachus exposed for 24-96 hr. The toxic conditions produced by the pesticide ultimately caused the death of the fish due to the failure of the respiratory center of the brain. The breakdown of proteins and the diabetic condition caused by the pesticides possibly increased aldolase activity.

/AQUATIC SPECIES /Phosphamidon is/... slightly toxic to fish.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PHOSPHAMIDON (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The concn of phosphamidon on treated foliage 18-24 hr after spraying in an apple orchard was 20 ppm(1). Foliage in a grapefruit orchard contained 150 ppm phosphamidon 23 hours after spraying(1). Phosphamidon is rapidly absorbed and metabolized in plants(3). Reported initial half-lives are of the order of 1-2 days(1,2,3). Degradation then proceeds more slowly with residues decreasing to the 0.5 ppm level or less in about 1 week in leafy plants and 2-3 weeks in fruit after normal application(1,2,3).

Sweating. Muscle twitching. Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation. Diarrhoea. Dizziness. Laboured breathing. Vomiting. Convulsions. Unconsciousness. Symptoms may be delayed.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal cramps. Further see Inhalation.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Phosphamiidon is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0157; Pesticide type: Insecticide; Registration Standard Date: 12/87; Case Status: The last registered pesticide products containing this pesticide were voluntarily cancelled by their registrants while EPA was developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Phosphamiidon; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Tolerances (expressed as phosphamidon) for residues of the insecticide phosphamidon (2-chloro-2-diethylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl diemthyl phosphate) including all of its related cholinesterase-inhibiting compounds in or on raw agricultural commodities are established as follows: apples (Expiration/Revocation Date 12/31/02)

Classified for restricted use and limited to use by or under the direct supervision of a certified applicator. Formulation: Liquid formulations 75% and greater; Use Pattern: Rice; Classification: Resticted; Criteria Influencing Restriction: Acute dermal toxicity. Residue effects on mammalian species. Residue effects on avian species.

Classified for restricted use and limited to use by or under the direct supervision of a certified applicator. Formulation: Dust formulations 1.5% and greater; Use Pattern: All uses; C Classification: Restricted; Criteria Influencing Restriction: Acute dermal toxicity. Residue effects on mammalian species. Residue effects on avian species.

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Phosphamidon is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 100 lbs.

Used as systemic insecticide for deciduous fruits and nuts, cotton, rice, cereals, potatoes, soy beans, and other crops; [HSDB] Used as acaricide; [CAMEO]

Cancelled--no longer registered as a pesticide for use in the US; [HSDB] Banned in the EU for use as a biocide and agricultural insecticide; [eChemPortal: ESIS]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

For phosphamidon (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 018201) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

INSECTICIDE FOR CITRUS AND COTTON CROPS, DECIDUOUS FRUIT & NUT CROPS

(1976) No Data

(1978) No Data

(1976) No Data

(1978) No Data

(1976) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN US

(1978) 1.36X10+8 GRAMS (CONSUMPTION, ESTIMATE)

Phosphamidon is produced by reaction of trimethylphosphite with alpha,alpha-dichloroacetic acid diethylamide.

Produced by reacting trimethyl phosphite in chlorobenzene with 2,2-dichloro-N,N-diethyl-3-oxobutyramide, which is prepared from sulfuryl chloride and N,N-diethyl-3-oxobutyramide...

LIQUID, SOLUBLE CONCENTRATES, ULV FOR WATERLESS SPRAYING.

TECHNICAL PRODUCT IS OF 92% PURITY; DIMERCRON 20 (200 G/L), DIMERCRON 50, DIMERCROM 100 AND DIMERCRON ULVAIR 250

Main brand names/Trade names: Apamidon, Ciba 570, C-570, D-Cron, Dimecron, Dixon, ENT 25,515, Famfos, Merkon, ML-97, Or-1,911, Phosphamidone, Phosron, Pillarcron, Sundaram 1975 , Swat, Umecron.

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Phosphamidon (technical grade) as Class IA: extremely hazardous; Main Use: insecticide. According to the PIC /Prior Informed Consent/ Convention, export of /Phosphamidon/ can only take place with the prior informed consent of the importing Party. ...(further information can be found at: http://www.pic.int/).

Phosphamidon is compatible with all except highly alkaline pesticides, though for an unknown reason, its biological activity is reduced by copper oxychloride.

Patents: ...British patent 829576; Belgian patent 552284; US patent 2908605; Phosphamidon exists as a mixture of 70% (z)-isomer (beta-isomer) and 30% (e)-isomer (alpha-isomer)... the (z)-isomer has the greater insecticidal activity.

NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN US

Status: Cancelled ... RED/ Voluntary cancellation 9/96