포수클로랄

클로랄수화물 · 포수클로랄 · 2,2,2-트라이클로로에탄-1,1-다이올 · TCA · 2,2,2-TRICHLOROETHANE-1,1-DIOL · HS · Tosyl · oraL

식별자 및 물리적 특성

CAS No.	302-17-0
분자식	C2H3Cl3O2
평균 분자량	165.4 g/mol
단동위원소 질량	163.91986238 g/mol
SMILES	OC(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl
InChIKey	RNFNDJAIBTYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID	2707
ChEMBL	CHEMBL455917
ChEBI	CHEBI:28142
EC No.	206-117-5
DTXSID	DTXSID7020261
현지명	포수클로랄

화학 및 물리적 성질

XLogP	1
극성 표면적	40.5
수소 결합 공여자 수	2
수소 결합 수용자 수	2
회전 가능 결합 수	0
무거운 원자 수	7
형식 전하	0
복잡도	56.4
물질 분류	Other Classes -> Halogenated AlcoholsCarcinogens
의약품	DEA NFLIS-Drug Category -> Depressants and TranquilizersDEA Schedule IV Controlled Substance -> DepressantsPharmaceuticals -> AntiepilepticsPharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15Pharmaceuticals -> Used in Switzerland
pH	3.5-4.4 (10% soln in water)3.5-5.5 (20℃, 10%)
SpringerMaterials Properties	Moessbauer quadrupole effect
농약	Pesticide -> EPA IRIS
LogP(분배 계수)	log Kow = 0.99
냄새	Aromatic, penetrating and slightly acrid odorCharacteristic: sweet
맛	Slightly bitter, caustic taste
밀도	1.9081 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than waterwill sink1.9081 g/cu cm at 20 °C/4 °C1.9 g/cm³1.9081 @ 20°C1.43 g/mL at 20 °C
Color/Form	COLORLESS OR WHITE CRYSTALSTransparent, colorless crystalsLarge, monoclinic plates
용해도	greater than or equal to 10 mg/mL at 68.9 °F (NTP, 1992)Freely soluble in acetone, methyl ethyl ketone. Moderately or sparingly soluble in turpentine, petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, toluene.Very soluble in benzene, ethyl ether, and ethanol.In water, 7.93X10+5 mg/L at 25 °CSolubility in water: very good물에 매우 잘 녹고 에탄올에 잘 녹습니다(96%).
Corrosivity	... Corrosive to the skin and mucous membrane unless well diluted
녹는점	57 °C(lit.)
끓는 점	97 °C
증기압	19.998hPa at 25℃
굴절률	1.4603 (estimate)
인화점	16 °C
저장 조건	0-6°C
pKa(산도 계수)	10(at 25℃)
물리적 상태	결정성 고체
비중	1.91
용해도	660g/100mL
Merck	13,2080
BRN	1698497
헨리 상수	2.4×103 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, HSDB (2015)
유전율	5.5(15℃)
안정성	안정적이지만 공기나 빛에 민감할 수 있습니다. 알코올, 시안화물, 요오드, 강염기, 탄산염과 호환되지 않습니다.
주요 응용	환경
InChI	1S/C2H3Cl3O2/c3-2(4,5)1(6)7/h1,6-7H
InChIKey	RNFNDJAIBTYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES	OC(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl
LogP(분배 계수)	1.092 at 25℃
NIST	Chloral hydrate(302-17-0)
EPA	Chloral hydrate (302-17-0)

안전 및 규제

GHS 분류	DangerH301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H301 (99%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]
규제 정보	Chemical: 1,1-Ethanediol, 2,2,2-trichloro-Hazard Traits - CarcinogenicityNeurotoxicityDEA schedule IV controlled substanceStatus: Active Update: 01-03-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/17704Chloral hydrate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)
운송 라벨(DOT)	Poison
화재 위험	Flash point data for this chemical are not availablehowever, it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.
화재 가능성	Combustible when exposed to heat or flame.
건강 유해성	SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include general anesthesia, cardiac arrythmias and blood pressure depression. Other symptoms include hemorrhagic gastritis, enteritis, central nervous system depression, coma, severe respiratory depression, ventricular tachycardia and cardiac arrest. Dermatitis, swelling of the lids, hyperemia, edema of the conjuctiva and a sensation of irritation and tearing may also occur. Exposure may result in gastric irritation, rapid circulatory collapse, kidney and liver damage, heart damage, psychosis and leukopenia. Flatulence, abdominal distension, nausea, headache, giddiness, rashes and blood dyscrasias can occur.
유해성 요약	A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritantA CNS depressant[ICSC] A skin and mucous membrane irritantMay cause eye injury[HSDB] A skin and eye irritant[eChemPortal: ERMAESIS] An irritant

용도

개요

Barbiturates와는 달리 효소 유도 효과를 지니지 않으며 REM 수면에 영향을 미치지 않는다. 또한 상용량에서는 호흡, 혈압, 반사 등에 거의 영향을 미치지 않으며, 숙취효과도 barbiturates보다 적다.

용도

수면진정제 및 신경안정제.

개요

Chloral hydrate is one of the oldest sedatives used for dental sedation. It was first synthesized in 1832 by Justus von Liebig and was the first synthetic central nervous system (CNS) depressant. It was used to treat delirium tremens, insomnia, and anxiety, although it is considered an unapproved drug by the US Food and Drug Administration. Initially considered to be a safer alternative to opium, it was noted to produce rapid unconsciousness when combined with ethanol. Physical dependence can occur with chronic use.Chloral hydrate is classified as a sedative-hypnotic and is known to induce sleep in children. It has been very popular in pediatric dentistry since the mid-1950s. Chloral hydrate is rapidly absorbed following oral administration and is converted through its first pass in the liver to trichloroethanol，its active form. Trichloroethanol is conjugated in the liver and excreted in the urine. Like other agents that are metabolized in the liver, chloral hydrate may interact with other drugs, herbs, or foods resulting in clinically significant alterations of the agents (e.g.,warfarin).

용도

Trichloroacetaldehyde Hydrate is a useful chemical reagent used as a sedative/hypnotic agent for the short-term treatment of insomnia. First developed in 1832, chloral hydrate is the oldest sleep medication still in use today. This medication is also used to calm you just before surgery or other procedures. It works by affecting certain parts of the brain to cause calmness. Studies have shown that when used in pediatric sedation side effects such as hallucination, excessive sleep and seizures were observed. Drowsiness and trouble waking up in the morning, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea, and headache may occur. Stomach problems can be reduced by taking chloral hydrate with a full glass of water. It is sometimes administered to patients being treated with cyclophosphamide and it is known to inhibit some aldehyde dehydrogenases. Besides, Chloral hydrate is a starting point for the synthesis of other organic compounds. It is the starting material for the production of chloral, which is produced by the distillation of a mixture of chloral hydrate and sulfuric acid, which serves as the desiccant.

일반 설명

Chloral hydrate, trichloroacetaldehydemonohydrate, CCl3CH(OH)2 (Noctec), is analdehyde hydrate stable enough to be isolated. The relativestability of this gem-diol is largely a result of an unfavorabledipole–dipole repulsion between the trichloromethyl carbonand the carbonyl carbon present in the parent carbonylcompound.Chloral hydrate is unstable in alkaline solutions, undergoingthe last step of the haloform reaction to yield chloroformand formate ion. In hydroalcoholic solutions, it formsthe hemiacetal with ethanol. Whether or not this compoundis the basis for the notorious and potentially lethal effect of the combination of ethanol and chloral hydrate (the “MickeyFinn”) is controversial. Synergism between two differentCNS depressants also could be involved. Additionally,ethanol, by increasing the concentration of nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide (NADH), enhances the reduction ofchloral to the more active metabolite trichloroethanol, andchloral can inhibit the metabolism of alcohol because it inhibitsalcohol dehydrogenase. Chloral hydrate is a weak acidbecause its CCl3 group is very strong electron withdrawing.A 10% aqueous solution of chloral hydrate has pH 3.5 to4.4, which makes it irritating to mucous membranes in thestomach. As a result, GI upset commonly occurs for thedrug if undiluted or taken on an empty stomach. Chloral hydrateas a capsule, syrup, or suppository is currently available.