4-클로로-3,4-디메틸페놀

Cosmetic ingredients (Chloroxylenol) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Preservative

log Kow = 3.27

3.27

At 15 °C in petroleum ether, benzene, acetone, toluene, chloroform, isopropanol solubility of 0.5, 6.0, 58.0, 7.0, 6.2, 38.0 g/100mL, respectively. At 25 °C in isopropanol, 1 M NaOH and glycerine solubility of 50.0, 8.8 and 1.5, respectively.

Soluble in ethanol, ether. Slightly soluble in benzene and pet ether.

Soluble 1 part of 95% alcohol, ether, benzene, terpenes fixed oils, solutions of alkali and hydroxides

In water, 2.5X10+2 mg/L at 20 °C

Warning

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Warning

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Phenol, 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-

Phenol, 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Phenol, 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 05-07-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/26222

Chloroxylenol: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: chloroxylenol is included in topical acne drug products.

Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: chloroxylenol is included in dandruff/seborrheic dermatitis/psoriasis drug products..

Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: chloroxylenol is included in topical antifungal drug products.

USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Chloroxylenol. EPA 738-R-94-032 September 1994. The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of February 7, 2006: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Chloroxylenol is included on this list.

Section 4(g)(2)(A) of FIFRA calls for the Agency to determine, after submission of relevant data concerning an active ingredient, whether products containing the active ingredients are eligible for reregistration. The Agency has previously identified and required the submission of the generic (i.e. active ingredient specific) data required to support reregistration of products containing chloroxylenol active ingredients. The Agency has completed its review of these generic data, and has determined that the data are sufficient to support reregistration of all products containing chloroxylenol.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Chloroxylenol is found on List C. Case No: 3045; Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: RED Approved 09/94; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document .; Active ingredient (AI): chloroxylenol; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 09/23/92; AI Status: OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for the case/AI.

Acute Tox. 4 (98.8%)

Acute Tox. 4 (100%)

Acute toxicity - category 4

Acute toxicity - category 4

Acute Tox. 4 *

Acute Tox. 4 *

Safe Storage of Pesticides. Always store pesticides in their original containers, complete with labels that list ingredients, directions for use, and first aid steps in case of accidental poisoning. Never store pesticides in cabinets with or near food, animal feed, or medical supplies. Do not store pesticides in places where flooding is possible or in places where they might spill or leak into wells, drains, ground water, or surface water.

If a spill occurs, clean it up promptly. Don't wash it away. Instead, sprinkle the spill with sawdust, vermiculite, or kitty litter. Sweep it into a plastic garbage bag, and dispose of it as directed on the pesticide product label.

After Applying a Pesticide, Indoors or Outdoors. To remove pesticide residues, use a bucket to rinse tools or equipment three times, including any containers or utensils that you used when mixing the pesticide. Then pour the rinsewater into the pesticide sprayer and reuse the solution by applying it according to the pesticide product label directions. After applying any pesticide wash your hands and any other parts of your body that may have come in contact with the pesticide..To prevent tracking pesticides inside, remove or rinse your boots or shoes before entering your home. Wash any clothes that have been exposed to a lot of pesticide separately from your regular wash.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Safe Disposal of Pesticides. The best way to dispose of small amounts of excess pesticides is to use them - apply them - according to the directions on the label. If you cannot use them, ask your neighbors whether they have a similar pest control problem and can use them. If all of the remaining pesticide cannot be properly used, check with your local solid waste management authority, environmental agency, or health department to find out whether your community has a household hazardous waste collection program or a similar program for getting rid of unwanted, leftover pesticides. These authorities can also inform you of any local requirements for pesticide waste disposal.

Safe Disposal of Pesticides. An empty pesticide container can be as hazardous as a full one because of residues left inside. Never reuse such a container. When empty, a pesticide container should be rinsed carefully three times and the rinsewater thoroughly drained back onto the sprayer or the container previously used to mix the pesticide. Use the rinsewater as a pesticide, following label directions. Replace the cap or closure securely. Dispose of the container according to label instructions. Do not puncture or burn a pressurized container like an aerosol - it could explode. Do cut or puncture other empty pesticide containers made of metal or plastic to prevent someone from reusing them. Wrap the empty container and put it in the trash after you have rinsed it.

Wear the items of protective clothing the label requires: for example, non-absorbent gloves (not leather or fabric), rubber footwear (not canvas or leather), a hat, goggles, or a dust-mist filter. If no specific clothing is listed, gloves, long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and closed shoes are recommended. You can buy protective clothing and equipment at hardware stores or building supply stores.

Indoor Applications. If the label directions permit, leave all windows open and fans operating after the application is completed. If the pesticide product is only effective in an unventilated (sealed) room or house, do not stay there. Put all pets outdoors, and take yourself any your family away from treated areas for at least the length of time prescribed on the label. Apply most surface sprays only to limited areas such as cracks; don't treat entire floors, walls, or ceilings. Don't let pesticides get on any surfaces that are used for food preparation. Wash any surfaces that may have pesticide residue before placing food on them.

Indoor Applications. When using total release foggers to control pests, use no more than the amount needed and to keep foggers away from ignition sources (ovens, stoves, air conditioners, space heaters, and water heaters, for example). Foggers should not be used in small, enclosed places such as closets and cabinets or under tables and counters.

Outdoor Applications. Never apply pesticides outdoors on a windy day (winds higher than 10 mph). Position yourself so that a light breeze does not blow pesticide spray or dust into your face.

LD50 Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite quail, 9 months old) oral >2250 mg/kg

LD50 Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite quail, 6 months old) oral >2510 mg/kg

LC50 Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite quail, 11 days old) dietary >5620 ppm/8 days

LC50 Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck, 9 days old) dietary >5620 ppm/8 days

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for CHLOROXYLENOL (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,400(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.27(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that chloroxylenol is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of chloroxylenol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mol(SRC), derived using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Chloroxylenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Degradation of chloroxylenol appears to be slower than other phenol derivatives(5,6). Studies in sewage showed 95-80% of the original compound remaining after 2 days and 60-70% remaining after 7 days(5). This is consistent with other studies that showed less than 40% degradation in activated sludge over 7 days(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,400(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.27(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that chloroxylenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization of chloroxylenol from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mol(SRC) derived using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 66(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Degradation of chloroxylenol appears to be slower than other phenol derivatives(7,8). Studies in sewage showed 80-95% of the original compound remaining after 2 days and 60-70% remaining after 7 days(7). This is consistent with other studies that showed less than 40% degradation in activated sludge after 7 days(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), chloroxylenol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.8X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase chloroxylenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Chloroxylenol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and has been reported to be stable to sunlight for up 24 hours(5).

The Koc of chloroxylenol is estimated as 1,400(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.27(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that chloroxylenol is expected to have low mobility in soil.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Contact dermatitis was found in workers occupationally exposed to 4-chloro-3,5-xylenol.

/CASE REPORTS/ Incidences of occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by exposure to parachlorometaxylenol (PCMX) were examined.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Chloroxylenol /is listed as one of/ common contact allergens /in/ antiseptics. /from Table/

AEROBIC: Degradation of chloroxylenol appears to be slower than other phenol derivatives(1,2). The biodegradation of several phenolic preservatives in sewage from a communal clarification plant were monitored via continuous oxygen demand. At concentrations of 10 and 50 mg/L, 80-95% of choroxylenol remained after 2.5 days and 60-70% remained after 7 days(1). This is consistent with other studies that showed less than 40% degradation at 10 ppm in activated sludge after 7 days(2). Only pentachlorophenol degraded more slowly with only about 10% degradation in 7 days(2). Several of the other compounds in the study including o-phenyl phenol, benzyl phenol and p-chloro-m-cresol were completely degraded within 7 days under similar conditions(2).

An estimated BCF of 66 was calculated for chloroxylenol(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.27(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for chloroxylenol is estimated as 5.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that chloroxylenol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from moist soil and water surfaces(2). Chloroxylenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.8X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ An eye irritation study in rabbits found mild to severe corneal opacity in unwashed eyes, with irritation that persisted for 14 days; eyes washed after four seconds had mild to moderate erythema, edema, and discharge without corneal damage, all of which subsided in five days. Another rabbit eye study, with a 30 percent solution, found marked corneal opacity that was not reversed in 72 hours. A third rabbit eye study concluded that chloroxylenol was corrosive.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Chloroxylenol does not appear to be a dermal irritant or sensitizer. A dermal irritation study with rabbits showed slight irritation lasting less than 48 hours. Chloroxylenol did not produce dermal sensitization in guinea pigs.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ A subchronic dermal study was conducted with albino rabbits. Part of the animals at each dose were treated for 21 days and part for 90 days. The dose levels were 0, 18, or 180 mg/kg/day of chloroxylenol. The systemic NOEL was 180 mg/kg/day and the NOEL for skin irritation was 18 mg/kg/day. The LOEL for skin effects was 180 mg/kg/day, where erythema, coriaceous areas, and fissuring were found.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ A developmental toxicity study was conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats with dose levels of 0, 100, 500, or 1000 mg/kg given by gavage on gestation days 6-15. The maternal NOEL was 100 mg/kg/day. The maternal LOEL was 500 mg/kg/day, based on decreased weight gain and food consumption. There were deaths at the high dose. The NOEL for developmental toxicity was 1000 mg/kg/day, the highest dose.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CHLOROXYLENOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of chloroxylenol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 6.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5.8 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Chloroxylenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Chloroxylenol does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and has been reported to be stable to sunlight for up to 24 hours(4).

Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: chloroxylenol is included in topical acne drug products.

Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: chloroxylenol is included in dandruff/seborrheic dermatitis/psoriasis drug products..

Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: chloroxylenol is included in topical antifungal drug products.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Chloroxylenol is included on this list.

Section 4(g)(2)(A) of FIFRA calls for the Agency to determine, after submission of relevant data concerning an active ingredient, whether products containing the active ingredients are eligible for reregistration. The Agency has previously identified and required the submission of the generic (i.e. active ingredient specific) data required to support reregistration of products containing chloroxylenol active ingredients. The Agency has completed its review of these generic data, and has determined that the data are sufficient to support reregistration of all products containing chloroxylenol.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Chloroxylenol is found on List C. Case No: 3045; Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: RED Approved 09/94; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document .; Active ingredient (AI): chloroxylenol; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 09/23/92; AI Status: OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for the case/AI.

D08AE05

D - Dermatologicals

QD - Dermatologicals

D08AE05

Chloroxylenol is a substituted phenol which has been widely used for many years as an ingredient of antiseptic and disinfectant products intended for external use. It is known to be bactericidal in low concentration to a wide range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.

As a phenol antiseptic, it is believed that the hydroxyl -OH groups of the chloroxylenol molecule binds to certain proteins on the cell membrane of bacteria, and disrupts the membrane so as to allow the contents of the bacterial cell to leak out. This allows chloroxylenol to enter the bacterial cell to bind further with more proteins and enzymes to disable the cell's functioning. At particularly high concentrations of chloroxylenol, the protein and nucleic acid content of targeted bacterial cells become coagulated and cease to function, leading to rapid cell death.

One study estimated the mean terminal half-life and mean residence time after a 200 mg intravenous single dose of chloroxylenol in healthy mongrel dog subjects to be 1.7 and 1.69 hours, respectively. Alternatively, some product monographs liken chloroxylenol to a similar liquid antiseptic, triclosan, whose calculated urinary excretion half-life in man is approximately 10 hours.

Certain animal studies have shown that following dermal application of chloroxylenol, that the absorption was rapid with a Cmax = 1-2 hours, and that the administered substance was excreted via the kidney with almost complete elimination within 24 hours. The primary metabolites discovered in the excreted urine were glucuronides and sulfates. Some chloroxylenol monographs liken its pharmacokinetic profile to that of another antiseptic - triclosan - which is rapidly excreted in the urine also as a glucuronide metabolite, as observed in the human model. Moreover, In one human subject administered 5 mg intragluteally, 14% was excreted with glucuronic acid and 17% with sulfuric acid at 3 days. Any chloroxylenol absorbed into the body is likely extensively metabolized by the liver and rapidly excreted, mainly in the urine, as sulphate and glucuronide conjugates.

Mongrel dogs received iv and oral single doses of 200 and 2000 mg 4-chloro-3,5-xylenol, respectively. ...Main metabolites found in the urine were glucuronides and sulfates.

Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.

Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes.

No chloroxylenol was detected in the blood following the dermal administration of 2 g of p-chloroxylenol in an ethanol/olive oil vehicle in human subjects. After a dose of 5 g, only traces were found, after 8 g, 1 mg % (1 mg/dL) was found in the blood after 3 hours, and 4 mg % (4 mg/dL) after 24 hours. After a dose of 20 g, 4 mg % (4 mg/dL) was measured after half an hour, and 1 mg % (1 mg/dL) was present at 72 hours. For antiseptic purposes, chloroxylenol is considered to be well-absorbed when applied to the skin.

The major route of excretion is likely in urine, although some amounts may be found in bile and traces in exhaled air.

The only data available regarding the volume of distribution of chloroxylenol is the mean Vss of 22.45 L determined after 200 mg intravenous single dose of chloroxylenol was administered to healthy mongrel dog subjects.

The only data available regarding the clearance of chloroxylenol is the mean clearance rate of 13.76 L/hr following a 200 mg intravenous single dose of the substance into healthy mongrel dog subjects. Moreover, in another study, when 8 g of chloroxylenol was administered dermal on a human subject in an alcohol/glycerin vehicle, 11% was excreted in 48 hours.

Mongrel dogs received iv and oral single doses of 200 and 2000 mg 4-chloro-3,5-xylenol, respectively. Low range of absorption was noted. Kidneys were not the major route for rapid elimination of unchanged 4-chloro-3,5-xylenol.

Tests of a 25 percent solution of chloroxylenol with Sprague-Dawley rats demonstrated the chemical was practically all eliminated in the first 24 hours, mostly in the urine, with small amounts in feces, after oral or dermal exposure. Following dermal exposure, about half of the material was not absorbed. High concentrations were found in the tissues of the kidney, which indicates excretion in urine. Concentrations in the lungs indicates some elimination in expired air.

CIR ingredient: Chloroxylenol

PCMX is one of the biocides commonly used in metalworking fluids. [Occupational Exposure to Metalworking Fluids. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 98-102, 1998, Table 4-1]

Metal Machining [Category: Heat or Machine]

For chloroxylenol (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code:86801) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Active ingredient in germicides, antiseptics, etc., fungistat; mildew preventive; preservative; chemical intermediate.

...active component in deodorants, soaps, skin preparations for dermatological disorders, antiseptics, and as a preservative for aqueous functional fluids.

2023: 250,000 - <550,000 lb

(1986) 10 thousand-500 thousand pounds

(1990) 10 thousand-500 thousand pounds

(1998) 10 thousand-500 thousand pounds

Fragrance Ingredients

Cosmetics -> Preservative

Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemical Manufacturing

Phenol, 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-: ACTIVE

Claimed to be about 60 times as potent as phenol.