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Fires involving this compound can be controlled using a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Give one or two glasses of water to drink.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty. /Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid); Carbaryl (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec/

If material /is/ on fire or involved in /a/ fire do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos, (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec/

Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, solid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, solid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid)/

A system for removing pesticides from the wash water produced by pesticide applicators as they clean their equipment has been developed. The first step is the flocculation/coagulation and sedimentation of the pesticide-contaminated wash water. The supernatant from the first step is then passed through activated carbon columns. /Pesticides/

Water spill: If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid); Carbaryl (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Chlorpropham should be incinerated at high temp in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing to absorb hydrogen chloride. Recommendable method: Incineration.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Avoid breathing of vapor or spray mist. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. ...Keep out of reach of children. Do not use, pour, spill, or store near heat or open flame.

If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.

In order to investigate the various steps of chlorpropham metabolism which could be influenced by cadmium, isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated in the presence of chlorpropham (0.1 mM) and of increasing cadmium concn (0-180 uM). The results showed that cadmium accumulation in hepatocytes was in good correlation to its concn in the incubation medium. At 90 uM cadmium, hydroxylation of chlorpropham was only slightly decreased by 30%, while chlorpropham hydrolysis into 3-chloraniline was unaffected by the presence of cadmium. Accordingly, unchanged chlorpropham increased in hepatocytes. At 27 uM cadmium, free 4-hydroxychlorpropham increased in the intracellular medium as a consequence of a strong suppression of both sulfation and glucuronidation which was related to the strong depletion of the intracellular adenosine triphosphate level under the combined influences of both cadmium and free 4-hydroxychloropropham. Acetylation of 3-chloroaniline, which represents a minor pathway of chlorpropham metabolism, was already markedly suppressed (43%) with the lowest cadmium concn (27 uM). These in vitro results suggest that Phase II reactions are more sensitive to cadmium than Phase I processes and that cadmium enhanced the chloropropham cytotoxicity as shown by alterations of the membrane integrity.

Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Chronically high (>10 years) exposure leads to neuropsychological consequences including disturbances in perception and visuo-motor processing (A15321).

LD50 /Anas platyrhynchos/ (Mallard duck) oral >2000 mg/kg

LC50 Micropterus salmoides (Largemouth bass) 10 mg/L/48 hr; static

LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill sunfish) 8 mg/L/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50 Colinus virginianus (Northern bobwhite, 10 day old) dietary >5620 ppm/8 days

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for CHLORPROPHAM (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 245 to 816(2-5), indicates that chlorpropham is expected to have moderate to low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of chlorpropham from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.7X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC),derived from its vapor pressure 1.8X10-4 mm Hg(6) and, water solubility, 89 mg/L(6). Chlorpropham is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure of 1.8X10-4 mm Hg(6). The leaching of chlorpropham from three types of soil was low and more than 90% of chlorpropham was found in the upper inch of the soil after 4 cm of rain(7). Depending on the nature of soil and climatic conditions, the field half-lives of chlorpropham in soil range from less than 30 days to 65 days(8) with an average half-life of 30 days(9).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 245 to 816(2-5), indicate that chlorpropham is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(6) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.7X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.8X10-4 mm Hg(7), and water solubility, 89 mg/L(7). According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 100(SRC), from its log Kow of 3.51(9) and a regression-derived equation(10), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Chlorpropham was found to not hydrolyze in aqueous buffer solution at pH 4, 7, and 9(11). Based on a mean rate constant of 2.6X10-14 L/organism-hr and a bacterial concn of 5X10+8 organisms/L in water, the half-life of chlorpropham has been estimated to be 2208 days(12). Therefore, biodegradation of chlorpropham should not be important in clear bodies of water(SRC). However, biodegradation may become important if the bacterial population in water is several orders of magnitude higher than 10+8 organisms(13). The estimated minimum half-life for the direct sunlight photolysis of chlorpropham in clear surface layers of water is 121 days(13). In the concn range 6-7 mg/L, chlorpropham did not metabolize in a river water or in a 2% settled sewage solution(14).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), chlorpropham, which has a vapor pressure of 1.8X10-4 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase chlorpropham is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 9.7 hours (SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Chlorpropham does not absorb light with wavelengths >290 nm(4), and is therefore not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight.

During 1988-1990, chlorpropham was found with a frequency of 3-5% in total diet samples(1-3). The residue level of chlorpropham in post-harvest treated potatoes declined faster when potatoes were stored at room temperature compared to refrigeration(4). During storage at ambient temperature chlorpropham residues dissipated rapidly during the first few days of storage and then at a slower rate(4). This two phase dissipation was not observed for potatoes stored under refrigeration(4). Residue levels declined from 1.81 ppm to 0.6 ppm and 1.3 ppm after 80 days of storage at ambient temperature and at -5 °C, respectively(4). After 6 weeks of storage at -5 °C, potatoes were processed into starch(4). Less than 1% of the initial chlorpropham remained in the starch(4). Pesticide residues were measured in plantbased food in the Belgian total diet from 1991-1993; chlorpropham was found in boiled potatoes at concentrations ranging from 0.5-5.0 mg/kg(5). Chlorpropham was found in 33.3% of sample of fresh potatoes at a mean concentration of 0.553 mg/kg in a monitoring study of fresh vegetables, fruits, and other selected food items in Belgium (1991-93)(6). Detection of chlorpropham was found to occur with a frequency of 4, 4, 4 and 6% in the US FDA Total Diet Study 1982-1984, 1984-1986, 1986-1991 and 1994, respectively(7-9).

Chlorpropham residues in potato chips purchased from supermarkets in Nara, Japan from 1994-1995 ranged from 0.01 to approximately 0.12 mg/kg(1). Chlorpropham was found in 7 of 769 and 28 of 225 samples of fresh potatoes of domestic and imported origin, respectively, in a Canadian study (1992-1994) at concentrations ranging from 0.10 to >2.0 and <0.05 to >2.0 mg/kg, respectively(2). Chlorpropham was detected in 10.3% of potatoes at a mean concentration of 0.12 mg/kg in the 1991-1995 monitoring study of fruits and vegetables from Ontario, Canada(3). In a ten-year accumulated frequency of pesticides and industrial chemicals found in 234 ready-to-eat foods, chlorpropham was detected in 54 foods at an average concentration of 0.1261 mg/kg(4). Chlorpropham residues were reported in 1 of 82 potato samples that were part of the 1996 Danish National Monitoring Program for fruits and vegetables(5).

Chlorpropham is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Carbamates form unstable complexes with chlolinesterases by carbamoylation of the active sites of the enzymes. This inhibition is reversible. A cholinesterase inhibitor suppresses the action of acetylcholine esterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholine esterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop.

The daily dietary intakes (ug/kg body wt/day) of chlorpropham in US population were as follows: 1971, 0.01; 1972, 0.3; 1973, 0.4; 1974, 0.1; 1975, 0.3 and 1976, 0.09(1). During these years, chlorpropham was infrequently found in fruits and vegetables(1). The daily dietary intake of chlorpropham (ug/kg body wt/day) in different age and sex groups in the US in 1988 were as follows: 6-11 mo, 0.164; 14-16 yr male, 0.214; and 60-65 yr female, 0.098(2). The daily dietary intakes for the corresponding group of population were 0.270, 0.454 and 0.150 in 1989(3) and 0.232, 0.386 and 0.182 in 1990(4). The daily dietary intake of chlorpropham (ug/kg body weight/day) in different age and sex groups in the US in 1986-1991 were as follows: 0.1930 (6-11 mo.); 0.5974 (2 yr); 0.2425 (14-16 female); 0.2899 (14-16 male); 0.1886 (25-30 female); 0.2319 (25-30 male); 0.1316 (60-65 female); 0.01526 (60-65 male)(5).

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Ataxia, use of wings to aid locomotion from 5th to 8th day after administration of /female mallard ducks, more than 2000 mg/kg orally/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Fish were not affected by concn of 5 mg/L.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Chlorpropham is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0271; Pesticide type: Herbicide; Registration Standard Date: 12/31/87; Case Status: RED Approved 09/95; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Chlorpropham; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 04/01/94, 12/03/96; AI Status: OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for the case/AI.

Tolerances are established for residues of the plant regulator and herbicide CIPC (isopropyl m- chlorocarbanilate) and its metabolite 1-hydroxy-2-propyl 3'-chlorocarbanilate (calculated as CIPC) in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: potato, postharvest.

While petitions for tolerances for negligible residues are pending and until action is completed on these petitions, interim tolerances are established for residues of the listed pesticide chemicals in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: milk; meat, fat, and meat byproducts of cattle, hog, horse and sheep 0.05 ppm.

There are four Special Local Needs [24(c)] registrations. They are for use on Easter lilies (on approximately 150 acres annually in Oregon and California), on gingko trees in Washington, DC, and on post-harvest stored potatoes growing in high humidity conditions in the state of Maine which requires a higher application rate.

(FL) FLORIDA 1,400 ug/L

(CA) CALIFORNIA 1200 ug/L

Used as a herbicide to control many annual grassy and broadleaf weeds in alfalfa, lima and snap beans, blueberries, cane berries, cranberries, carrots, ladino clover, garlic, seed grass, peas, onions, spinach, sugar beets, tomatoes, safflower, soybeans, gladioli, and woody nursery stock; Also used to inhibit potato sprouting and for systemic sucker control in tobacco; [HSDB]

For chloropropham (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 018301) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Chlorpropham acts as highly selective preemergence and early postemergence herbicide; it effectively controls many annual grassy and broadleaf weeds; application during late fall and winter for control of some perennial weeds.

For control of weeds in alfalfa, lima and snap beans, blueberries, cane berries, cranberries, carrots, ladino clover, garlic, seed grass, peas, onions, spinach, sugar beets, tomatoes, safflower, soybeans, gladioli, woody nursery stock. Also for inhibiting potato sprouting and systemic sucker control in tobacco.

Chlorpropham is widely used as an insecticide or pesticide in homes, gardens and agricultural applications. It is a synthetic compound.

(1975) 3.0X10+6 G (PRINCPL CUSTOMS DISTS)

(1976) 1.00X10+6 G (PRINCPL CUSTMS DISTS)

(1975) 4.99X10+8 G (CONSUMPTION)

(1971) 2.25X10+8 g

(1976) GREATER THAN 2.27X10+6 G

Reaction of 3-chlorophenyl isocyanate with isopropyl alcohol. ... Lab method of purification: recrystallize from n-hexane.

... Reaction of 3-chloroaniline with isopropyl chloroformate.

Preparation: E. D. Witman, US 2695225; Strain, US 2734911 (1954, 1956 both to Columbia-Southern Chem.); Brockway, US 2806051 (1957 to B. F. Goodrich)

Emulsifiable concentrates--3 and 4 lb/gal formulations. Granulars--10% and 20% on attapulgite base.

Emulsifiable concentration, dust, solution.

...Formulations include a technical grade (from 98%, to 99% active ingredient (a.i.)), aerosol ready-to-use (RTU) (from 46.5 to 98.7% a.i.), and liquid emulsifiable concentrate (EC), (from 23.8 to 36% a.i.).

Trade and Other Names: Spud Nic, Sprout Nip, Pin Nip, and Decco.

Herbicides, Plant growth regulators

Environmental transformation -> Pesticides (parent, predecessor)

Pharmaceuticals