Huagongshe화공사 화학 정보 인쇄 보고서 · 연구 참고용
시프로플록사신
시프로플록사신 · CIPROFLOXACIN BASE · Ciprofloxacine · Cipro · 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-7-(1-piperazinyl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid · 1-CYCLOPROPYL-6-FLUORO-1,4-DIHYDRO-4-OXO-7-(1-PIPERAZINYL)-3-QUINOLINECARBOXYLIC ACID · ciloxan · CIPROBAY
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 85721-33-1 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | C17H18FN3O3 |
| 평균 분자량 | 331.34 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 331.13321966 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=C(O)c1cn(C2CC2)c2cc(N3CCNCC3)c(F)cc2c1=O |
| InChIKey | MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 2764 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL8 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:100241 |
| EC No. | 617-751-0 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID8022824 |
| 현지명 | 시프로플록사신 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| XLogP | -1.1 |
|---|---|
| 극성 표면적 | 72.9 |
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 2 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 7 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 3 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 24 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 571 |
| 의약품 | Pharmaceuticals -> Used in SwitzerlandPharmaceuticals -> Anti infectives for systemic use -> Antibacterials for systemic usePharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15Pharmaceuticals -> AntibioticsPharmaceuticals -> Antibiotics (Quinolones) |
| pH | pH range for the 1.0% aqueous concentrates in vials is 3.3 to 3.9the pH range for the 0.2% ready-for-use infusion solutions is 3.5 to 4.6 |
| LogP(분배 계수) | log Kow = 0.28 (non-ionized)2.3 |
| Color/Form | Faint to light yellow crystalline powder |
| 용해도 | <1mg/mLWater Solubility: approx 36 mg/ml @ 25 °C /Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride/Soluble in dilute (0.1N) hydrochloric acidpractically insoluble in ethanolIn water, 30,000 mg/L at 20 °C1.35e+00 g/L25mg/ml에서 0.1N HCl에 용해됩니다. DMSO에 잘 녹지 않음 |
| Human Drugs | Breast FeedingLactationMilk, HumanAnti-Infective AgentsAntibacterial AgentsQuinolonesFluoroquinolonesFDA approved drugs -> Active ingredientPharmaceuticalsEar, nose and throat medicines [c] |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition material emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides and hydrogen fluoride/. |
| 녹는점 | 255-257 °C225-257 °C, decomposes255 - 257 °C255-257°C |
| Physical Description | Solid |
| Stability/Shelf Life | Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride ophthalmic solution should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers at 2-25 °C. When stored as directed, the commercially available ophthalmic solution has an expiration date of 24 months following the date of manufacture. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride ophthalmic ointment should be stored at 2-25 °C. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and hydrocortisone otic suspension should be stored in light-resistant containers below 25 °Cfreezing should be avoided. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and dexamethasone otic suspension should be stored at 15-30 °C and protected from lightfreezing should be avoided.Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablets should be stored in tight containers at a temperature <30 °C. The drug should be protected from intense uv light. Ciprofloxacin microcapsules for oral suspension & the diluent provided by the manufacturer should be stored at <25 °C & protected from freezing. Following mixture with the diluent, ciprofloxacin oral suspension should be stored at <30 °C & protected from freezing, & is stable for 14 days when stored at room temperature or in a refrigerator.The compatibility of 10 mg/ml ciprofloxacin injection in 0.9% sodium chloride and 5% dextrose soln were /mixed/ with other injectable drugs, including amikacin sulfate, aminophylline, clindiamycin phosphate, gentamicin phosphate, tobramycin sulfate and metronidazole ... soln ... were stored for up to 48 hr at room temperature and under refrigeration. Eight hr after amikacin was mixed with ciprofloxacin in sodium chloride soln and refrigerated, the drug concn was 89% of the original. Admixtures of the precipitate formed immediately whenever ciprofloxacin was mixed with aminophylline or clindamycin. /Results indicate/ that ciprofloxacin was incompatable with aminophylline and clindamycin, and that its compatibility with amikacin depended upon the vehicle and storage temperature.... The physical and chemical compatibilities of ciprofloxacin lactate infusion with other commonly used iv admin drugs /was investigated/ Ciprofloxacin lactate injection in a commercially available concn of 2 mg/ml was mixed with 15 iv drugs during a simulated Y-site injection. Of the 15 drugs /examined/ , only heparin, furosemide and teicoplanin were found to be incompatible with ciprofloxacin. ... /Ciprofloxacin lactate/ |
| Ionization Efficiency | Positive3.12.7Agilent XCTElectrospray ionizationformic acid (5.3nM) |
| Dissociation Constants | 6.168.626.256.09pKa = 6.09 (carboxylic acid group)pKa = 8.74 (nitrogen on piperazinyl ring) |
| 끓는 점 | 581.8±50.0 °C(Predicted) |
| 밀도 | 1.461±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted) |
| 저장 조건 | Keep in dark place,Inert atmosphere,2-8°C |
| pKa(산도 계수) | pKa 4.04 (Uncertain) |
| 물리적 상태 | 가루 |
| 색상 | 흰색에서 거의 흰색 |
| 용해도 | 86mg/L(25 ºC) |
| Merck | 14,2314 |
| BRN | 3568352 |
| 주요 응용 | 환경 |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C17H18FN3O3/c18-13-7-11-14(8-15(13)20-5-3-19-4-6-20)21(10-1-2-10)9-12(16(11)22)17(23)24/h7-10,19H,1-6H2,(H,23,24) |
| InChIKey | MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | N1(C2CC2)C2=C(C=C(F)C(N3CCNCC3)=C2)C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 |
| EPA | Ciprofloxacin (85721-33-1) |
화학적 성질
White Powder
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 64.7% (66 of 102) of all reports.H412 (26.5%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]P273, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 102 reports by companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. |
|---|---|
| 화재 가능성 | This material is assumed to be combustible. |
| FDA 요건 | The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, including ciprofloxacin, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, including ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. /Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride/ |
| Special Reports | Extensive pharmacologic & clinical development of quinolone antimicrobial agents has resulted in improved antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic features, toxicity, & drug-drug interaction profiles. Nalidixic acid & other early quinolones had limited use due to poor pharmacokinetics, relatively narrow antimicrobial spectrum of activity, & frequent adverse effects. Beginning with the development of fluoroquinolones, such as norfloxacin & ciprofloxacin, in the 1980s, the agents assumed a greatly expanded clinical role because of their broad antimicrobial spectrum of action, improved pharmacokinetic properties, & more acceptable safety profile. Although the pharmacokinetics & efficacy of the drugs have improved significantly, a major area of continued emphasis is to further reduce the frequency & severity of adverse events & drug-drug interactions. Older agents such as ciprofloxacin & ofloxacin are still extensively prescribed, but the focus of this article is on the newer fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin & other drugs that have been approved or have been under investigation since approx 1997).[Fish DNPharmacotherapy 21 (10 Pt 2): 253S-272S (2001)] |
| Toxic Combustion Products | Emits toxic fumes under fire conditions. |
| Hazard Classes and Categories | Aquatic Chronic 3 (26.5%) |
| 소화 절차 | Water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam as appropriate for surrounding fire and materials. |
| 보관 조건 | Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride conventional tablets should be stored in tight containers at a temperature less than 30 °C, and protected from intense UV light. Extended-release tablets containing ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and base (Cipro XR) and extended-release tablets containing ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (ProQuin XR) should be stored at 25 °C, but may be exposed to temperatures ranging from 15-30 °C. Ciprofloxacin microcapsules for oral suspension and the diluent provided by the manufacturer should be stored at less than 25 °C and protected from freezing. Following mixture with the diluent, ciprofloxacin oral suspension should be stored at less than 30 °C and protected from freezing, and is stable for 14 days when stored at room temperature or in a refrigerator.Ciprofloxacin for oral suspension: Prior to reconstitution, store below 25 °C (77 °F). Protect from freezing. After reconstitution, store below 30 °C (86 °F). Protect from freezing. The suspension is stable for 14 days when stored in a refrigerator or at room temperature below 39 °C or 86 °F.Ciprofloxacin tablets USP: Store below 30 °C (86 °F) in a well closed container.Ciprofloxacin injection USP: Store in a cool place between 8 and 15 °C (46-59 °F) or at controlled room temperature (between 20 and 25 °C (68 and 77 °F). ... Protect from light and freezing.Store in tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP-NF. This material should be handled and stored per label instructions to ensure product integrity. |
| 정리 방법 | Wear approved respiratory protection, chemically compatible gloves and protective clothing. Wipe up spillage or collect spillage using a high efficiency vacuum cleaner. Avoid breathing dust. Place spillage in appropriately labelled container for disposal. Wash spill site. |
| 처리 방법 | SRP: Expired or waste pharmaceuticals shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. It is not appropriate to dispose by flushing the pharmaceutical down the toilet or discarding to trash. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.SRP: At the time of review, regulatory criteria for small quantity disposal are subject to significant revision, however, household quantities of waste pharmaceuticals may be managed as follows: Mix with wet cat litter or coffee grounds, double bag in plastic, discard in trash. |
| Preventive Measures | Engineering controls such as exhaust ventilation are recommended.As with all dry powders it is advisable to ground mechanical equipment in contact with dry material to dissipate the potential buildup of static electricity.As a general rule, when handling USP Reference Standards avoid all contact and inhalation of dust, mists, and/or vapors associated with the material. Wash thoroughly after handling.SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker. |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Respiratory Protection: Use a NIOSH-approved respirator, if it is determined to be necessary by an industrial hygiene survey involving air monitoring. In the event that a respirator is not required, an approved dust mask should be used. Gloves: Chemically compatible. Eye Protection: Safety glasses or goggles. Protective Clothing: Protect exposed skin. |
| 체내 부담 | The concn of ciprofloxacin in breast milk .. was measured following maternal admin of oral ciprofloxacin hydrochloride at a dose of 500 mg/day beginning three months after delivery for the treatment of episiotomy infection in a 32 yr old /female/. The infant was breast fed 8 hr after the last dose ... and milk samples were /drawn/ 2 hr 40 min latter. ... The breast milk concn was 0.98 mcg/ml. ... /Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride/The concn of ciprofloxacin in mother's and infant's serum was measured following maternal admin of oral ciprofloxacin hydrochloride at a dose of 500 mg/day beginning three months after delivery for the treatment of episiotomy infection in a 32 yr old /female/. The infant was breast fed 8 hr after the last dose ... and blood samples were /drawn/ 2 hr 40 min latter. ... The mother's serum concn was 0.21 mcg/ml. ... The infants serum concn was undetectable.Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is rapidly and well absorbed from the GI tract following oral administration, and undergoes minimal first-pass metabolism. The oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin administered as conventional tablets is 50-85% in healthy, fasting adults, and peak serum concentrations of the drug generally are attained within 0.5-2.3 hours. Peak serum concentrations and area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) increase in proportion to the dose over the oral dosage range of 250-1000 mg and are unaffected by gender. Following oral administration of a single 250-, 500-, 750-, or 1000-mg dose of ciprofloxacin as conventional tablets or oral suspension in healthy, fasting adults, peak serum concentrations average 0.76-1.5, 1.6-2.9, 2.5-4.3, or 3.4-5.4 ug/mL, respectivelyserum concentrations 12 hours after the dose average 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 ug/mL, respectively. In adults, oral administration of 500 mg of ciprofloxacin as conventional tablets every 12 hours results in mean peak or trough serum concentrations at steady-state of 2.97 or 0.2 ug/mL, respectively. /Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride/ |
| 상호 작용 | Serious and fatal reactions have been reported in patients receiving concurrent administration of ciprofloxacin and theophylline. These reactions have included cardiac arrest, seizure, status epilepticus, and respiratory failure. Although similar serious adverse effects have been reported in patients receiving theophylline alone, the possibility that these reactions may be potentiated by ciprofloxacin cannot be eliminated. If concomitant use cannot be avoided, serum levels of theophylline should be monitored and dosage adjustments made as appropriate.... The effects of aluminum hydroxide ... and calcium carbonate ... on the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin /was determined in/ ... a 3 way randomized, crossover study was concluded in 12 healthy male volunteers (ages 21-45 yr) that consisted of 3 treatments: 750 mg ciprofloxacin alone, 750 mg ciprofloxacin with 3.4 g calcium carbonate or 1.8 g aluminum hydroxide admin 5 min before ciprofloxacin. The relative bioavailability of ciprofloxacin was reduced to 60% and 15% of control values when given with calcium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide, respectively. ... It was concluded that antacids containing either aluminum or calcium should not be given concurrently with ciprofloxacin.Ciprofloxacin, given to a patient successfully treated with methadone for more than 6 yrs, caused profound sedation, confusion, & respiratory depression. We suggest that this was caused by ciprofloxacin inhibition of CYP1A2 & CYP3A4 activity, 2 of the cytochrome p450 isozymes involved in the metab of methadone.Synergism does not occur in vitro when ciprofloxacin is used in conjunction with vancomycin against Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus (including oxacillin-resistant S. aureus), Corynebacterium, or Listeria monocytogenes.For more Interactions (Complete) data for CIPROFLOXACIN (35 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 건강 영향 | Inflammation of the skin (exfoliative dermatitis) |
| Hepatotoxicity | Ciprofloxacin like other fluoroquinolones is associated with a low rate (1% to 3%) of serum enzyme elevations during therapy. These abnormalities are generally mild, asymptomatic and transient, resolving even with continuation of therapy. More importantly, ciprofloxacin has been linked to rare, but occasionally severe and even fatal cases of acute liver injury. The time to onset is typically short (2 days to 2 weeks) and the presentation is often abrupt with nausea, fatigue and abdominal pain, followed by dark urine and jaundice. The pattern of serum enzyme elevations can be either hepatocellular or cholestaticcases with the shorter times to onset usually being more hepatocellular with markedly elevated ALT levels, and occasionally with rapid worsening of prothrombin time and early signs of hepatic failure. The onset of illness also may occur a few days after the medication is stopped. Cases with a cholestatic pattern of enzymes may run a prolonged course, but are usually self-limiting. Nevertheless, chronic cholestasis and vanishing bile duct syndrome have been reported with ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones. Finally, the enzyme pattern can be initially hepatocellular and then evolve during the course of illness from a hepatocellular into a mixed or cholestatic pattern. Many (but not all) cases have had allergic manifestations with fever, rash and eosinophilia. Autoantibodies are usually not present. |
| 환경 거동 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 61,000(2), indicates that ciprofloxacin is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). The pKa values are 6.09 for the carboxylic acid group and 8.74 for the nitrogen on the piperazinyl ring(3)at pHs greater than 6.09, the acid will be primarily dissociated and at pHs less than 8.74, the nitrogen will be primarily protonated. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as an ion and ions do not volatilize. Ciprofloxacin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.8X10-13 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Using the OECD closed bottle biodegradation study, 0% degradation over a 40-day incubation period was observed(5), indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 61,000(2) indicates that ciprofloxacin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). The pKa values are 6.09 for the carboxylic acid group and 8.74 for the nitrogen on the piperazinyl ring(3)at pHs greater than 6.09, the acid will be primarily dissociated and at pHs less than 8.74, the nitrogen will be primarily protonated(SRC)therefore, volatilization from water and moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 0.28(5) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Using the OECD closed bottle biodegradation study, 0% degradation over a 40-day incubation period was observed(7), indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ciprofloxacin, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.8X10-13 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase ciprofloxacin may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Ciprofloxacin in aqueous solution is susceptible to photodegradation(3), suggesting that the compound may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
| 식품 조사 수치 | Ciprofloxacin was detected, not quantified in one of 262 imported and domestic egg samples tested in the Canadian market over 2 years, from April 1997 through July 1999(1). |
| 유해 작용 | Adverse effects are mild at therapeutic doses and are mostly limited to gastrointestinal disruptions such as nausea and diarrhea. The serious adverse effects of ciprofloxacin include prolonged QT interval, hyper or hypoglycemia, and photosensitivity. Rare interactions include drug-induced bullous pemphigoid. |
| 노출 경로 | Eye contactparenteral (intravenous injection)oral. Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. The absolute bioavailability is approximately 70% with no substantial loss by first pass metabolism. |
| Milk Concentrations | The concn of ciprofloxacin in breast milk .. was measured following maternal admin of oral ciprofloxacin hydrochloride at a dose of 500 mg/day beginning three months after delivery for the treatment of episiotomy infection in a 32 yr old /female/. The infant was breast fed 8 hr after the last dose ... and milk samples were /drawn/ 2 hr 40 min latter. ... The breast milk concn was 0.98 mcg/ml. ... /Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride/Ciprofloxacin is excreted in human milk. |
| 독성 요약 | The elimination half-life of ciprofloxacin ranges from 3.3 to 6.8 hours in the elderly compared with three to four hours in younger persons. There is limited evidence suggesting ciprofloxacin excretion in breast milk.. Clinical data indicate no significant evidence of osteoarticular toxicity in newborns and children. In these studies, the drug exposure of neonates and children was at much higher doses compared to children whose exposure was via breastfeeding.The bactericidal action of ciprofloxacin results from inhibition of the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, strand supercoiling repair, and recombination. |
| 생태독성 발췌 | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ The effects of mecillinam, trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin, antibiotics used in the treatment of urinary tract infections, on the aquatic environment were assessed. Mecillinam and ciprofloxacin were both readily biodegradable (primary degradation) in activated sludge, whereas trimethoprim persisted. The toxicity of these antibiotics towards sludge bacteria, a green alga, a cyanobacterium, a crustacean and a fish were investigatedboth mecillinam and ciprofloxacin were highly toxic to the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (EC50 in the range 5-60 ug/L). Risk characterization for the aquatic environment was performed for the three compounds by calculating the predicted environmental concn (PEC) and the predicted no-effects concn (PNEC). A PEC/PNEC ratio of <1 indicates that, with the present pattern of use, no environmental risk is expected. PEC/PNEC ratios of <1 for present usage in Europe were found for mecillinam and trimethoprim whereas a PEC/PNEC ratio >1 was found for ciprofloxacin./AQUATIC SPECIES/ The present study investigated the growth inhibition effect of the fluoroquinolone antibiotics enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin on four photoautotrophic aquatic species: the freshwater microalga Desmodesmus subspicatus, the cyanobacterium Anabaena flosaquae, the monocotyledonous macrophyte Lemna minor, and the dicotyledonous macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum. Both antibiotics, which act by inhibiting the bacterial DNA gyrase, demonstrated high toxicity to A. flosaquae and L. minor and moderate to slight toxicity to D. subspicatus and M. spicatum. The cyanobacterium was the most sensitive species with median effective concentration (EC50) values of 173 and 10.2 ug/L for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Lemna minor proved to be similarly sensitive, with EC50 values of 107 and 62.5 ug/L for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. While enrofloxacin was more toxic to green algae, ciprofloxacin was more toxic to cyanobacteria. Calculated EC50s for D. subspicatus were 5,568 ug/L and >8,042 ug/L for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. These data, as well as effect data from the literature, were compared with predicted and reported environmental concentrations. For two of the four species, a risk was identified at ciprofloxacin concentrations found in surface waters, sewage treatment plant influents and effluents, as well as in hospital effluents. For ciprofloxacin the results of the present study indicate a risk even at the predicted environmental concentration. In contrast, for enrofloxacin no risk was identified at predicted and measured concentrations./AQUATIC SPECIES/ The effects of trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) and ciprofloxacin (CPFX) on the freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris were assessed by toxicity bioassays and by the values of biomarkers in phase I and phase II. The biomarkers included growth rate, concentration of chlorophyll a, activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylases (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and total glutathione (GSH). Ciprofloxacin was a weaker growth inhibitor than TCCA but, at a concentration of >12.5 mg/L, decreased the growth of C. vulgaris. Concentration of chlorophyll a showed a similar trend. The 96-hr median effective concentration (EC50i.e., 50% reduction in growth relative to the control) of CPFX was 20.6 mg/L. ... Ciprofloxacin and TCCA affected the phase I and phase II enzyme activities differently. On exposure to CPFX, both EROD and GSH decreased at low CPFX concentrations (<5.0 mg/L) and increased at high CPFX concentrations (>12.5 mg/L), and CAT and GST exhibited induction at low concentrations and inhibition at high concentrations. .../FIELD STUDIES/ ...Outdoor aquatic microcosms /were exposed/ to combinations of ibuprofen (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug), fluoxetine (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), and ciprofloxacin (a DNA gyrase-inhibiting antibiotic) at concentrations of 6, 10, and 10 ug/L, respectively (low treatment [LT])60, 100, and 100 ug/L, respectively (medium treatment [MT])and 600, 1,000, and 1,000 ug/L, respectively (high treatment [HT]). ...Effects were observed in the MT and HT. Fish mortality occurred in the MT (<35 days) and in the HT (<4 days). Phytoplankton increased in abundance and decreased in diversity (number of taxa) in the HT, with consistent trends being observed in the MT and LT. Zooplankton also showed increased abundance and decreases in diversity in the HT, with consistent trends being observed in the MT. Multivariate analyses for zooplankton and phytoplankton suggested interactions between these communities. Lemna gibba and Myriophyllum spp. showed mortality in the HTgrowth of L. gibba was also reduced in the MT. Bacterial abundance did not change in the HT. All responses were observed at concentrations well below the equivalent pharmacologically active concentrations in mammals. Although the present data do not suggest that ibuprofen, fluoxetine, and ciprofloxacin are individually causing adverse effects in surface-water environments, questions remain about additive responses from mixtures. |
| Signs and Symptoms | The major adverse effect seen with use of is gastrointestinal irritation, common with many antibiotics. |
| 수질 위해 등급(WGK) | 2 |
| RTECS 번호 | VB1993800 |
| 운송 번호(UN) | UN 3077 9 / PGIII |
| 관세 코드 | 29339900 |
| 위험 문구(R) | 36/37/38 |
| 위험 표시 | Xi |
| 안전 문구(S) | 26-36-24/25 |
| 저장 분류 | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| 유해 물질 데이터 | 85721-33-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
용도
용도
시프로플록사신(Ciprofloxacin)은 수많은 병균 감염을 치료하기 위해 사용되는 항생물질이다.여기에는 뼈 및 관절염, 복강내 전염, 특정한 종류의 장염, 호흡기 감염, 피부 감염, 장티푸스, 요로감염증 등이 포함된다. 일부 감염에 대해 다른 항생물질에 추가적으로 사용되기도 한다.
용도
구강으로, 안약으로, 정맥 주사로 복용할 수 있다.
개요
Ciprofloxacin is a quinolone antibacterial related to recently marketed norfloxacin (10), ofloxacin (2), pefloxacin (2) and enoxacin. It has a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and is useful in the treatment of urinary and upper respiratory tract infections.
역사
Ciprofloxacin(original trade name:Cipro) is one of the world's most widely prescribed antibiotics for bacterial infections. Ciprofloxacin was discovered by scientists at Bayer Pharmaceuticals in the 1980s. In 1987, Bayer received US Food and Drug Administration approval for orally administered ciprofloxacin; the intravenous form was approved in 1991. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
용도
Ciprofloxacin is used in the treatment of infections from a wide range of aerobic gram-positive and aerobic gramnegative microorganisms. It has been shown to be effective against inhalational anthrax and reduce the incidence or progression of disease following exposure to aerosolized Bacillus anthracis. It is also used in select respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, typhoid fever, some sexually transmitted diseases, and septicemia. Infectious diarrhea may be caused by organisms found in food or water and transferred by person-to-person contact. This may have a devastating effect, globally, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Ciprofloxacin is effective against those organisms that may contribute to infectious diarrhea, such as Escherichia coli (enterotoxigenic strains), Campylobacter jejuni, and select strains of Shigella; and is utilized when antibacterial therapy is medically indicated. Ciprofloxacin has also been utilized as a secondary agent in the treatment of tuberculosis.