Huagongshe화공사 화학 정보 인쇄 보고서 · 연구 참고용
칼륨 메타비아황산염
메타산성아황산칼륨 · 칼륨메타비아황산염 · 칼륨피로아황산염 · 피로아황산칼륨 · 이칼륨이아황산염 · 이칼륨피로아황산염 · 포타슘메타바이설파이트 · 칼륨메타비아황산염(POTASSIUMMETABISULFITE)
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 16731-55-8 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | K2S2O5 |
| 평균 분자량 | 222.33 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 221.84612846 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=S([O-])S(=O)(=O)[O-].[K+].[K+] |
| InChIKey | RWPGFSMJFRPDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
| PubChem CID | 28019 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2106901 |
| EC No. | 240-795-3 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID1021293 |
| 현지명 | 칼륨 메타비아황산염 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| 극성 표면적 | 125 |
|---|---|
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 6 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 0 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 9 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 136 |
| 물질 분류 | Other Classes -> Sulfites |
| 화장품 | Cosmetic ingredients (Potassium Metabisulfite) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)Preservative |
| 냄새 | Sulfur dioxide odorPungent, sharp odor냄새 없는 |
| 식품 첨가물 | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, ANTIOXIDANT, COLOR OR COLORING ADJUNCT, DOUGH STRENGTHENER, FLOUR TREATING AGENT, OXIDIZING OR REDUCING AGENT -> FDA Substance added to food |
| 밀도 | 2.3 g/cu cmRelative density (water = 1): 2.342.3 @25 °C2.34 g/cm3 |
| Color/Form | White crystals or crystalline powderWhite powder |
| 용해도 | Freely soluble in waterinsoluble in alcoholReacts with acid solutionsinsoluble in ethanol49.5 g/100 g water at 25 °CSolubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 49.5 (good)H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, 투명, 무색 |
| Decomposition | Potassium metabisulfite decomposes at temperatures above 150 °C. In the air, it oxidizes to the sulfate, more readily in the presents of moisture.When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /sulfur oxides/ and /potassium sulfate/. |
| 녹는점 | Decomposes at approximately 150 °C190°C |
| Physical Description | Potassium metabisulfite appears as a white granular or powdery solid with a sharp odor of sulfur dioxide. Decomposes at 150 to 190 °C. Density 2.3 g / cm3. Contact severely irritates skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Low toxicity. Used as a food preservative and an antioxidant.Dry PowderLarge CrystalsColourless crystals or white crystalline powderA white granular or powdery solid with a sharp odor of sulfur dioxide[CAMEO]WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER WITH PUNGENT ODOUR. |
| Stability/Shelf Life | When stored at a maximum temperature of 25 °C and a maximum relative humidity of 45%, the shelf life is 6 months. |
| Other Experimental Properties | Liberates SO2 with acidsoxidizes in air to sulfate, more readily in presence of moistureIt may catch fire if too much heat develops in powdering it. |
| 증기 밀도 | 2.3 (vs air) |
| 저장 조건 | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| 물리적 상태 | 분말/고체 |
| 색상 | 흰색에서 약간 노란색 |
| 비중 | 2.3 |
| pH | 2.5-4.5 (25℃, 0.1M in H2O) |
| 용해도 | 물에 용해됩니다. 에탄올에 불용성. |
| Merck | 14,7645 |
| 화장품 원료 기능 | 피부의 산화 스트레스를 줄이세요헤어 웨이브 또는 스트레이트항균 방부제 |
| InChI | 1S/2K.H2O5S2/c1-6(2)7(3,4)5/h(H,1,2)(H,3,4,5)/q2*+1/p-2 |
| InChIKey | RWPGFSMJFRPDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
| SMILES | [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O |
| EPA | Disulfurous acid, potassium salt (1:2) (16731-55-8) |
| Absorption | cut-off at 308nm in H2O at 0.1M |
화학적 성질
Potassium metabisulfite occurs as white or colorless free-flowing crystals, crystalline powder, or granules, usually with an odor of sulfur dioxide.
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 2.8% (43 of 1552) of reports.DangerH315 (90%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 1552 reports by companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. |
|---|---|
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: Disulfurous acid, dipotassium saltRegulation (EC) No 1935/2004 (amended)Disulfurous acid, potassium salt (1:2) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Disulfurous acid, potassium salt (1:2) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 16-12-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/5221Potassium disulfite: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - Sulfites: Human health tier II assessment |
| 운송 라벨(DOT) | Corrosive |
| 화재 위험 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
| 화재 가능성 | It may catch fire if too much heat develops in powdering it. |
| 건강 유해성 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| 유해성 요약 | A case of occupational asthma, confirmed by specific inhalation challenge, was reported in a worker whose job was to sprinkle dry metabisulfite on potatoes. [Malo JL, Cartier A, Desjardins A. Occupational asthma caused by dry metabisulphite. Thorax 1995 May50(5)585-6.] Similar cases have been reported in the wine, laundry, and lobster fishing industries. [Madsen J, Sherson D, Kjoller H, Hansen I, Rasmussen K. Occupational asthma caused by sodium disulphite in Norwegian lobster fishing. Occup Environ Med 200461:873-874] In the presence of water and acid, metabisulfite can generate toxic amounts of SO2. [ATSDR Med. Manag. Guidelines] See SULFITES. May cause skin sensitization and asthma after prolonged contact[ICSC] Reactions to both sodium and potassium metabisulfite are expected. [Kanerva, p. 1828] |
| FDA 요건 | Potassium metabisulfite is generally recognized as safe when used as a chemical preservative in accordance with good manufacturing practice, except that it is not used in meatsin food recognized as a source of vitamin B1on fruits and vegetables intended to be served raw to consumers or sold raw to consumers, or to be presented to consumers as fresh.Potassium metabisulfite used as a chemical preservative in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice, except that it is not used in meats or in food recognized as source of vitamin B1. |
| 반응성 그룹 | Sulfite and Thiosulfate Salts |
| EC 분류 | Symbol: XiR: 31-41S: (2)-26-39 |
| Reactivity Alerts | Strong Reducing Agent |
| Reactivity Profile | POTASSIUM METABISULFITE reacts with oxidizing agents to generate heat and products that may be flammable, combustible, or otherwise reactive. Can react explosively with strong oxidizing agents. Generates gaseous sulfur dioxide in contact with acids. Aqueous solutions are acidic and corrosive. |
| 소화 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. |
| 응급 조치 | Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . |
| 응급 처치 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| 안전 보관 | Cool. Dry. Well closed. Separated from acids and strong oxidants. Keep in a well-ventilated room. |
| 소화 절차 | If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. |
| 보관 조건 | Potassium metabisulfite should be stored in a cool, dark place.Keep dry and well closed. |
| 비화재 누출 대응 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| 처리 방법 | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. |
| 누출 처리 | Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| Preventive Measures | Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Avoid bodily contact with the material.If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. |
| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| Eye Prevention | Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. |
| 상호 작용 | Sulfites, including potassium metabisulfite, can react with various pharmaceutical compounds including sympathomimetics such as epinephrine (adrenaline), chloramphenicol, cisplatin, and amino acids which can result in their pharmacological inactivation. Sulfites are also reported to react with phenylmercuric nitrate, and may adsorb onto rubber closures./GENOTOXICITY/ Potassium metabisulfite at a concentration of 3.75 mM inactivated the mutagenic activity of coffee preparations at doses of 2-20 mg/plate when tested with Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 without S9 mix. |
| 유해 작용 | Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin. |
| 노출 경로 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion. |
| 독성 요약 | Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Shortness of breath. Wheezing.Redness.Redness. Pain. Burns.Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting. |
| ICSC Environmental Data | Environmental effects of the substance have been adequately investigated, but no significant effects have been found. |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ /Investigators/ reported the results of patch testing 2894 eczematous patients over a 2-year period. Positive reactions to Sodium Metabisulfite in 1% pet. (following a 2-day occlusive exposure) were noted in 50 patients (1.7% incidence). All 50 patients also reacted to Potassium Metabisulfite in 1% pet., and to Sodium Bisulfite 1% and 5% pet. Only two reacted to Sodium Sulfite 1% pet./HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The prevalence of sulfite sensitivity was determined in a group of 51 children with chronic asthma, who were recruited from an allergy clinic. They ranged in age from five to 16 years, with a mean age of 10.3 years. Nearly 90% of the children were atopic, and 18% were steroid-dependent. Potassium metabisulfite was administered in lemonade in an open challenge, in graduated doses of 0.5-100 mg. Eighteen of the 51 reacted with a decrease > or = 20% in FEV1 after drinking the metabisulfite solution. Placebo challenges given to 14 of the 18 subjects resulted in one positive reaction. There was no difference in the prevalence of sulfite sensitivity between steroid-dependent and non-steroid-dependent subjects. All of the patients who reacted to metabisulfite solution but only two-thirds of those who did not react were reported to be sensitive to smog./HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Bronchoconstrictive airway responses were evaluated in a group of 35 boys and 21 girls aged 6-14 years with chronic asthma, by open challenge after ingestion of incremental doses of potassium metabisulfite solution or capsules. All but two of the children had a history of allergy to various agents, but none showed allergy to metabisulfite in a skin-prick test. When the challenge was given with capsules, positive responses (reduction in pulmonary function) were noted in four of the children, only at the maximum challenge of 200 mg. Two children who had not reacted to the challenge with encapsulated metabisulfite responded positively to metabisulfite solution. None had systemic symptoms (flushing, tingling, and/or faintness) or hypotensive symptoms after metabisulfite challenge. All the patients who reacted positively to either challenge had severe to moderate bronchial reactivity to methacholine, while those who did not react had only mild reactivity to methacholine./HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A group of patients with chronic asthma and histories suggestive of sulfite sensitivity was studied in order to determine whether the ingestion of aqueous potassium metabisulfite was associated with degranulation of mast cells, as measured by the release of the neutrophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis. Single-blind, oral aqueous challenges of up to a maximum of 200 mg potassium metabisulfite were given to 13 patients. Serum samples were obtained from all the patients before the challenge and for 180 min afterwards. The samples were tested for the presence of neutrophil chemotactic factor by both a (51)Cr microchamber chemotaxis assay and a leukocyte polarization technique. Six of the patients gave positive responses, as indicated by a fall in FEV1 > or = 20% of prechallenge values. No significant increase in the amount of neutrophil chemotactic factor was detected in post-challenge serum samples from any patient. Skin testing with potassium metabisulfite in 10 of the patients yielded uniformly negative reactions. The authors concluded that sensitivity to aqueous metabisulfite is not associated with mast-cell degranulation in patients in whom the result of a skin test is negative.For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for POTASSIUM METABISULFITE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ In a two-stage stomach carcinogenesis experiment, male outbred Wistar rats were given MNNG in the drinking water and sodium chloride in the feed for 8 weeks. They then received drinking water containing 1% Potassium Metabisulfite (or other test substances) for 32 weeks. Animals were killed for necropsy and tissue was collected. Potassium Metabisulfite significantly (p < 0.05) increased the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the pylorus of the glandular stomach after initiation with MNNG and sodium chloride compared to controls (initiated rats that had not received treated water). No carcinomas developed in rats given Potassium Metabisulfite without MNNG or sodium chloride. Potassium Metabisulfite was considered to exert tumor-promoting activity in the rat glandular stomach./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Groups of 100 ICR/JCL mice (50 each sex) received 1% or 2% Potassium Metabisulfite in the drinking water for 24 months. A control group received distilled water. The 2% dose was the maximum tolerated dose determined by subacute toxicity testing. Mice were necropsied at death or at the termination of the study. Ninety-nine of the mice of the control group survived beyond 180 days96 mice of the 1% group survived, and 94 mice of the 2% group survived. No significant difference in tumor incidence was observed between treated and control mice. Total tumor incidence was 14.1% for the control group, 14.6% for the 1% dose group, and 17.0% for the 2% dose group./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Male rats were initially given a single dose of diethylnitosamine (200 mg/kg ip) and, starting 2 weeks later, were treated in feed with potassium metabisulfite (500 mg/kg equivalent to 10,000 ppm) for 6 weeks and then killed. All rats were subjected to a two-thirds partial hepatectomy at week 3. Carcinogenic potential was scored by comparing the numbers and areas of induced glutathione S-transferase placental form positive foci in the liver of treated rats and with those of control groups given diethylnitosamine alone. Positive was a scored for a significant increase in quantitative values of glutathione S-transferase placental positive focifor a negative score no change or a decrease. /Potassium metabisulfite/ was negative./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ Potassium Metabisulfite was not teratogenic to mice at 125 mg/kg or rats at 155 mg/kg.For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for POTASSIUM METABISULFITE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Populations at Special Risk | Ingestion of sulfites has been postulated to be a cause of rapid, acute allergic reactions, including fatal anaphylactic-like responses. A sulfite-sensitive subpopulation of asthmatics has been postulated to exist who have a relative deficiency of sulfite oxidase. The possibility that sulfur dioxide may be generated from sulfite in the low pH of the stomach has been considered as a mechanism of sulfite sensitivity. /Sulfites/Some asthmatics are said to be dangerously sensitive to minute amounts of sulfites in foods. /Sulfites/ |
| Evidence for Carcinogenicity | Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity in humans of sulfur dioxide, sulfites, bisulfites and metabisulfites. There is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity in experimental animals of sulfur dioxide. There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity in experimental animals of sulfites, bisulfites and metabisulfites. Overall evaluation: Sulfur dioxide, sulfites, bisulfites and metabisulfites are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). |
| Probable Routes of Human Exposure | According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of potassium metabisulfite is 100 to 999the data may be greatly underestimated(1). |
| Antidote and Emergency Treatment | /SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B//SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B//SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/ |
| 수질 위해 등급(WGK) | 1 |
| TSCA 등재 상태 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 번호 | TT4920000 |
| 독성 | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 2300 mg/kg |
| 관세 코드 | 28322000 |
| 위험 문구(R) | 31-36/37/38-41 |
| 위험 표시 | Xi |
| 안전 문구(S) | 26-36-39 |
| 기존화학 물질 | KE-12700 |
| F 고인화성물질 | 23 |
| 위험 등급 | Eye Dam. 1 |
| 저장 분류 | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| 유해 물질 데이터 | 16731-55-8(Hazardous Substances Data) |
용도
용도
Potassium Metabisulfite is a chemical preservative and antioxi- dant obtained as white or colorless crystals, powder, or granules. it is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. the sulfite salt yields sulfurous acid at a low ph. it is used as a food preservative.
일반 설명
Potassium disulfite (Potassium metabisulfite, PMB) is an inorganic salt with antimicrobial properties. It is a sulfiting agent that prevents browning of foods.