수소화 리튬알미늄

리튬알루미늄수소화물 · 수소화리튬알미늄 · 수소화알루미늄리튬 · 리튬 알루미늄 하이드라이드 · LAH · LiAlH4 · LITHIUM ALUMINIUM TETRAHYDRIDE · LITHIUM ALUMINIUM HYDRIDE

https://huagongshe.com/ko/chemical/28112

식별자 및 물리적 특성

CAS No.	16853-85-3
분자식	AlH4.Li
평균 분자량	38 g/mol
단동위원소 질량	38.02884331 g/mol
SMILES	[AlH4-].[Li+]
InChIKey	OCZDCIYGECBNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID	28112
ChEBI	CHEBI:30142
EC No.	240-877-9
DTXSID	DTXSID70893441
현지명	수소화 리튬알미늄

화학 및 물리적 성질

극성 표면적	0
수소 결합 공여자 수	0
수소 결합 수용자 수	1
회전 가능 결합 수	0
무거운 원자 수	2
형식 전하	0
복잡도	0
물질 분류	Metals -> Metal HydridesFlammable agents - 2nd degree
냄새	None무취 고체
밀도	0.917 at 59 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than waterwill float0.920.92 @25 °C0.97 g/mL at 20 °C
Color/Form	Microcrystalline powder when puregray when aluminum impurity present. Monoclinic crystals.Gray-white monoclinic crystals
용해도	Solubility (parts/100 parts solvent): 30 (ether)13 (tetrahydrofuran)10 (dimethylcellosolve)2 (dibutyl ether)0.1 (dioxane).reacts with H2O, ethanolseth, tetrahydrofuran
Decomposition	Decomposes to lithium hydride, aluminum metal and hydrogen above 125 °C without melting.Decomposes above 125 °C, slowly loses hydrogen at 120 °C, decomposes in moist air.
녹는점	Decomposes >125 °C125 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Physical Description	Lithium aluminum hydride appears as a white powder that turns gray on standing. If spread out over a large flat combustible surface, friction can cause ignition. Used to make other chemicals, as a polymerization catalyst, as a hydrogen source, and as a propellant.Gray to white crystals[HSDB]
Stability/Shelf Life	Stable in dry air at room temperature.Sometimes turns gray on standingLow melting solids or colorless, volatile liquids. /Alkylaluminum halides/Less sensitive than trialkylaminums to oxidation upon exposure to air. /Alkylaluminum halides/
Other Experimental Properties	Reacts rapidly with water and alcoholsreduces aldehydes, ketones, acid chlorides and esters to alcoholsreduces nitriles to aminesaromatic nitro compounds to azo-compounds. Does not attack olefinic double bonds unless they are conjugated with a phenyl group and a carbonyl or nitrile group.Gray when aluminum impurity presentStable in dry air at room temperature, decomposes above 125 °C, slowly loses hydrogen at 120 °C, decomposes in moist air, may ignite on grinding in air.Heat of formation: -116.3 (crystalline) kJ/mol @ 298.15 KGibbs energy of formation: -44.7(crystalline) kJ/mol @ 298.15 Kstandard molar entropy: 78.7 J/mol K @ 298.15 Kmolar heat capacity at constant pressure: 83.2 J/mol K @ 298.15 K
끓는 점	0°C
인화점	99 °F
저장 조건	Store below +30°C.
pKa(산도 계수)	3.86
물리적 상태	정제(각 ~0.5g)
색상	흰색에서 밝은 회색까지
비중	0.917
용해도	물과 반응
비열	Cp(crystal): 2.19 J/(g·K), at 25℃
Merck	14,350
안정성	안정적인. 물과 격렬하게 반응하여 수소를 방출함. 강한 산화제, 알코올, 산과 호환되지 않습니다.
InChI	1S/Al.Li.4H/q-1+1
InChIKey	OCZDCIYGECBNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES	[Li].[AlH3]
NIST	Lithium tetrahydroaluminate(16853-85-3)
EPA	Lithium aluminum hydride (16853-85-3)

화학적 성질

Lithium aluminum hydride is a white to gray powder. A combustible solid. monoclinic crystals; grey in the presence of aluminum impurity; stable below 120°C in dry air; turns grey on standing; hygroscopic; density 0.917 g/cm3; melts at 190°C (decomposes); reacts with water and alcohols; soluble in diethylether and tetrahydrofuran (about 30 and 13 g/100g, respectively at 25°C; also soluble in dimethylcellosolve; sparingly soluble in dibutylether; slightly soluble in dioxane (1g/L) and practically insoluble in hydrocarbons; can be solubilized in benzene by crown ether.

안전 및 규제

GHS 분류	DangerH220 (13.3%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]P203, P210, P222, P223, P231+P232, P260, P264, P264+P265, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P335+P334, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P370+P378, P377, P381, P402+P404, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 279 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.H260: In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]
규제 정보	Chemical: Aluminate(1-), tetrahydro-, lithium, (T-4)-Status: Active Update: 11-11-2013 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/11218Aluminate(1-), tetrahydro-, lithium, (T-4)-: HSNO Approval: HSR001279 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)
기타 안전 정보	IMAP assessments - Aluminate(1-), tetrahydro-, lithium, (T-4)-: Human health tier I assessment
운송 라벨(DOT)	Dangerous When Wet
화재 위험	Behavior in Fire: Decomposes at 257 °F to form hydrogen gas. The heat generated may cause ignition and/or explosion. (USCG, 1999)· Produce flammable gases on contact with water.
화재 가능성	Evolves hydrogen & ignites on contact with water.Decomposition begins at 257 °F (125 °C) & releases heat. Combustion may produce irritants & toxic gases.Flammable, dangerous fire risk. May ignite spontaneously on grinding or rubbing, or from static sparks.Lithium aluminum hydride has the additional fire hazard in that it is used in the flammable solvents diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran.Lithium aluminum hydride should not be used to dry methyl ethers or tetrahydrofuranfires from this are very common.Lithium aluminum hydride with carbon dioxide in sodium bicarbonate at high temp is a fire hazard.
건강 유해성

용도

그것은 강력한 환원제로 유기 및 무기 정밀 화학 합성에 사용됩니다. 그것은 에스테르와 카르 복실 산을 1 급 알콜로 감소시키고 에폭시 드를 2 급 또는 3 급 알콜로 감소시킵니다. 그것은 니트로 화합물 (아마이드 및 알킬 아자 이드)을 아민으로 감소시킵니다. 그것은 또한 알킬 할라이드 및 알킨을 감소 시키는데 사용되지만 알켄 또는 벤젠 고리를 환원 시키는데 이용 가능하지 않다. 그것은 알데히드 케톤, 산, 산 무수물, 에스테르, 퀴논 및 아실 클로라이드를 알콜로 환원시키고, 니트릴을 일차 아민으로, 할로겐화 탄화수소를 탄화수소로 환원시킬 수있다.

용도

Lithium aluminum hydride is among the most important industrial reducingagents. It is used extensively in organic syntheses and also in catalytichydrogenation. Reactant or reagent for: 1. The preparation of thermoplastic polyester polyamides from oleic acid 2. Lithium-polymer batteries 3. Hydrodefluorination of gem-difluoromethylene derivatives 4. Asymmetric aldol reactions 5. Synthesis of Li-Al-N-H composites with hydrogen absorption / desorption properties 6. LAH is a powerful reducing agent for many different reduction reactions such as that of ketones to alcohols

일반 설명

A white powder that turns gray on standing. If spread out over a large flat combustible surface, friction can cause ignition. Used to make other chemicals, as a polymerization catalyst, as a hydrogen source, and as a propellant.

제조 및 합성 방법

제조 방법

Lithium aluminum hydride is prepared by reaction of lithium hydride with aluminum chloride in diethylether: 4LiH + AlCl3 →(C2H5)2O→LiAlH4+3LiCl