불소

Other Classes -> Fluorides, Inorganic

Other Classes -> Fluorides, Inorganic

Major ion

CBI

The main fluoride minerals are fluorspar (CaF2) and cryolite (Na3AlF6). [ACGIH]

Liquid

Varies depending on specific compound

Hazard Traits - Musculoskeletal Toxicity

Hazard Traits - Musculoskeletal Toxicity; Respiratory Toxicity

Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 (amended)

Fluoride is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Fluoride are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Fluoride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

50% of absorbed fluoride is excreted in urine within 24 hours; 99% of the remainder is taken up by bone with a 1/2 life of up to 8 years; tooth mottling is caused by 2-4 mg/day; skeletal changes are rare at 8 mg/day, but can be crippling at 20 to 80 mg/day; [Rosenstock, p. 544] Fluorides (inorganic, used in drinking water) are not classifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans. [IARC] The PEL and IDLH apply to sodium fluoride and other inorganic, solid fluorides. [NIOSH] Abnormal liver enzymes have been reported in cases of sodium fluoride toxicity. In acute poisoning cases, patients may have hyperactive reflexes and tetanic contractures from fluoride-induced hypocalcemia and cardiac arrhythmias from hyperkalemia; Ingestion can cause hemorrhagic gastroenteritis; [HSDB] The TLV applies to inorganic fluorides; [ACGIH] In the US, no skeletal fluorosis observed after exposure to 4 mg/L in drinking water, but uptake of 20 mg/day for more than 20 years can cause skeletal fluorosis; Dental caries are reduced in adults after uptake of up to 4 mg/day; BEIs are not applicable to non-metal fluorides or organic compounds containing fluorine; [ACGIH BEI]

See Fluorine. See FLUORIDES.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Fluorides in urine = 2 mg/L prior to shift or 3 mg/L at end of shift; (Repeated measurements recommended.) [ACGIH]

Fluorides may be absorbed following inhalation, oral, or dermal exposure. Once in the body, the fluoride ion is transported in the blood and accumulates in the bones and teeth. Fluoride is believed to replace the hydroxyl ion (OH-) and possibly the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) associated with hydroxyapatite—a mineral phase during formation of bone. The resultant material is hydroxyfluorapatite. Once absorbed, a portion of the fluoride is deposited in the skeleton, and most of the remainder is excreted in the urine, with smaller amounts in feces, and sweat, and saliva. (L963)

Used in the primary production of aluminum, smelting operations (flux), welding (welding rods), and water treatment; [Levy, p. 409] Fluorosis was first recognized in the 1930s in factories processing cryolite. Today, occupational fluoride exposure occurs in factories manufacturing aluminum, glass, and fertilizer. Exposure also occurs in workers mining and processing cryolite, fluorspar, and apatite. [Rosenstock, p. 544] Used mainly as hydrogen fluoride to make fluoropolymers and hydrofluorocarbons; Also used as AlF3 to make aluminum, refined petroleum, herbicides, and uranium fluorides; The main sources of fluorides are diet, drinking water, and dentifrices; [ACGIH BEI]

Aluminum Producing [Category: Industry]

Ceramics making [Category: Hobbies]

Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed). [ChemIDplus]