벤질디메틸(트리데실)암모늄클로라이드

0.9429 g/cu cm at 25 °C

0.9884 @ 25°C

Clear yellow to straw-colored liquid

White or yellowish-white, amorphous powder or gelatinous pieces

Very soluble in alcohol, acetone; slightly soluble in benzene; almost insoluble in ether

Slightly soluble in benzene

1 G OF ANHYDROUS FORM DISSOLVES IN ABOUT 6 ML BENZENE, 100 ML ETHER

Very soluble in water

Solubility in water at 20 °C: good

241.02 °C

29-34 °C

White or yellowish-white, amorphous powder or gelatinous pieces; [HSDB]

HYGROSCOPIC WHITE-TO-YELLOW POWDER WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

When Benzalkonium Chloride is stored in closed containers, its stability is indefinite.

Water solutions foam strongly when shaken.

Aqueous solution is slightly alkaline to litmus

Water solutions foam strongly when shaken

Danger

H301 (24.5%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]；H302 (69.4%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]；H311 (17.8%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]；H312 (71%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]；H314 (99.4%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]；H318 (55.7%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]；H330 (11.5%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]；H332 (44.6%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]；H400 (54.8%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]；H410 (10.8%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]；H411 (15.6%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 314 reports by companies from 19 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.；Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Not Classified

Chemical: Quaternary ammonium compounds, alkylbenzyldimethyl, chlorides

Hazard Traits - Hazard Trait Undefined；Authoritative List - CECBP - Priority Chemicals；Report - if used as a fragrance or flavor ingredient

2002/2076

Benzalkonium chloride: HSNO Approval: HSR002952 Approved with controls

IMAP assessments - Benzalkyl quaternary ammonium surfactants: Environment tier II assessment；PEC / SN / Other assessments - Common skin sensitisers—hazard classification: Health；IMAP assessments - Cationic surfactants: Human health tier II assessment；Evaluation - Benzalkonium halides

Sensitization is uncommon. Irritant responses may be seen at the concentrations used for patch testing (0.1%). Health care workers may develop contact dermatitis after handling cold sterilized instruments. [Marks, p. 265-267] Three cases of occupational asthma have been documented; [Reference #1] It causes irritant contact dermatitis, but may sensitize veterinarian, dental, and medical personnel; [Kanerva, p. 1754] Benzalkonium chloride is a rare skin sensitizer. Patch testing is difficult. Other quaternary ammonium compounds with rare or uncommon reports of sensitization include cetalkonium chloride (122-18-9), cetrimonium bromide (57-09-0), and dequalinium chloride (522-51-0); [Kanerva, p. 393] This surface-active, cationic detergent can have caustic effects on the GI tract if ingested. A lethal dose by ingestion of 100-400 mg/kg has been reported. [Olson, p. 193] Quaternary ammonium compounds have curare-like properties when concentrated solutions are ingested; Affected patients may have methemoglobinemia and hemolysis and die within 1-3 hours; No data on carcinogenicity or teratogenicity; [IPCS-PIMs]

IPCS; Poisons Information Monograph G022: Quaternary ammonium compounds (July 1999).[Available from, as of February 19, 2010: http://www.inchem.org/pages/pims.html]

USEPA/OPPTS; Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC). EPA739-R-06-009 (August 2006). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S..[Available from, as of Feb 24, 2010: http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/adbac_red.pdf]

Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel; Fianl Report on the Safety Assessment of Benzalkonium Chloride; J Am Coll Toxicol 8 (4): 589-625 (1989)

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. (a) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-contact surfaces in public eating places, dairy-processing equipment, and food-processing equipment and utensils. Quaternary ammonium compounds, alkyl (C12-C18) benzyldimethyl, chlorides are included on this list. Limit: When ready for use, the end-use concentration of all quaternary chemicals in the solution is not to exceed 200 ppm of active quaternary compound.

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (c) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-processing equipment and utensils. Quaternary ammonium compounds, alkyl (C12-C18) benzyldimethyl, chlorides are included on this list. Limits: When ready for use, the end-use concentration of this specific quaternary compound is not to exceed 200 ppm within the end-use total concentration that is not to exceed 400 ppm active quaternary compound.

The Agency has completed its assessment of the dietary, occupational, drinking water, and ecological risks associated with the use of pesticide products containing the active ingredient Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC). Based on a review of these data and on public comments on the Agency's assessments for the active ingredient, ADBAC, the Agency has sufficient information on the human health and ecological effects of ADBAC to make decisions as part of the tolerance reassessment process under FFDCA and reregistration process under FIFRA, as amended by FQPA. The Agency has determined that ADBAC-containing products are eligible for reregistration provided that: (i) current data gaps and confirmatory data needs are addressed; (ii) the risk mitigation measure outlined in this document is adopted; and (iii) label amendments are made to reflect this measure. ... Based on its evaluation of ADBAC, the Agency has determined that ADBAC products, unless labeled and used as specified in this document, would present risks inconsistent with FIFRA. Accordingly, should a registrant fail to implement the risk mitigation measure identified in this document, the Agency may take regulatory action to address the risk concerns from the use of ADBAC. If all changes outlined in this document are incorporated into the product labels, then all current risks for ADBAC will be substantially mitigated for the purposes of this determination. Once an Endangered Species assessment is completed, further changes to these registrations may be necessary as explained in Section III of this document.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Alkyl dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chloride is found on List A, which contains most pesticides that are used on foods and, hence, have a high potential for human exposure. List A consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA '88. Case No: 0350; Pesticide type: antimicrobial; Registration Standard Date: 9/30/885 PB86-169406, 9/1/85 PB87-138749; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the RED /Reregistration Eligibility Decision/ document.; Active ingredient (AI): alkyl dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chloride; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide have made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

Incompatible with anionic detergents, such as soap, and with nitrates. A white precipitant is formed in a 1:3000 aqueoous solution of benzalkonium chloride when nitrates are present in concentrations greater than the equiv of 0.5% ammonium nitrate.

Acute Tox. 3 (24.5%)；Acute Tox. 4 (69.4%)；Acute Tox. 3 (17.8%)；Acute Tox. 4 (71%)；Skin Corr. 1B (99.4%)；Eye Dam. 1 (55.7%)；Acute Tox. 2 (11.5%)；Acute Tox. 4 (44.6%)；Aquatic Acute 1 (54.8%)；Aquatic Chronic 1 (10.8%)；Aquatic Chronic 2 (15.6%)

Acute toxicity (ingestion) - category 4；Acute toxicity (dermal) - category 4；Acute toxicity (inhalation) - category 2；Skin corrosion - category 1B

Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 3；Acute toxicity (Dermal) - Category 3；Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) - Category 2；Skin corrosion/irritation - Category 1；Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 1；Skin sensitization - Category 1；Reproductive toxicity - Category 2；Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure - Category 2 (lung)；Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) - Category 1；Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) - Category 1

Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 3；Acute toxicity (Dermal) - Category 3；Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) - Category 2；Skin corrosion/irritation - Category 1；Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 1；Respiratory sensitization - Category 1；Skin sensitization - Category 1；Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure - Category 2 (respiratory organs)；Aspiration hazard - Category 1；Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) - Category 1；Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) - Category 1

Fresh air, rest. Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Alcohol foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, water fog.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Special protective equipment for fire-fighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Personal precautions: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing dust. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods for cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Observe all federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into containers or absorb liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.

In case of skin contact: Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately. Wash off with soap and plenty of water. Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact: Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.

Hygiene measures: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite quail) oral 136 mg/kg bw

EC50; Species: Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Green algae, log growth phase, 10000 cells/mL); Conditions: freshwater, static, 24 °C, pH 7.7, hardness 54.06 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 160 ug/L for 24 hr; Effect: general growth /Barquat MB 50, 50% AI/

EC50; Species: Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Green algae, log growth phase, 10000 cells/mL); Conditions: freshwater, static, 24 °C, pH 7.7, hardness 54.06 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 260 ug/L for 24 hr; Effect: general growth /Dodigen 226, 47.5% AI/

EC50; Species: Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Green algae, log growth phase, 10000 cells/mL); Conditions: freshwater, static, 24 °C, pH 7.7, hardness 54.06 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 450 ug/L for 24 hr; Effect: general growth /19% AI, Algicide 904/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Benzalkonium Chloride Compounds (72 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc range of 640,389 to 6,171,657(2) indicates that benzalkonium chloride is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Benzalkonium chloride is a cationic quarternary salt(2) and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(3). Benzalkonium chloride is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3.53X10-12 mm Hg(2). Benzalkonium chloride is considered to be stable to microbial degradation(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc range of 640,389 to 6,171,657(2) indicates that benzalkonium chloride is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Benzalkonium chloride is a quarternary salt(2) and will exist entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(3). Bioconcentration in freshwater fish of benzalkonium chloride is expected to be low(SRC) as this compound is strongly absorbed to sediment(2). Benzalkonium chloride is considered to be stable to microbial degradation(2).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), benzalkonium chloride, which has a vapor pressure of 3.53X10-11 mm Hg(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase benzalkonium chloride may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Benzalkonium chloride does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

On the basis of the data presented in this report, the CIR Expert Panel concludes that Benzalkonium Chloride, at concentrations up to 0.1% free, active ingredient, is safe as a cosmetic ingredient as presently used. Note: In 2006, the CIR Expert Panel considered available new data on this ingredient and confirmed the above conclusion.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Toxicity of Dimanin A (benzalkonium chloride) was studied in carp, guppy, and zebrafish at oxygen saturation and at oxygen concentrations of 5-6 mg/L. At oxygen saturation and the highest concentration of Dimanin A tested (500 mg/L) survival times were 15 min for carp, 19 min for guppy, and 14 min for zebrafish.

Sore throat. Sore throat. Cough. Laboured breathing.

Redness. Skin burns. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.

Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting. Burning sensation. Diarrhoea. Shock or collapse.

Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) such as benzalkonium chloride have been detected in biosolids, the end product of waste water treatment plants. Application of biosolids to land for disposal represents a major pathway for release of this compound to the environment(1). The compound was detected in untreated waste water samples collected at the Blue River sewage treatment plant, Missouri at concentrations of 3.19-5.36 ug/L, the Johnson Country sewage treatment plant, Kansas at 2.74 ug/L, and the Johnson City wastewater treatment plant, Missouri at 5.82 ug/L(2).

The Koc of benzalkonium chloride ranges from 640,389 to 6,171,657(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this Koc range indicates that benzalkonium chloride is immobile in soil. Benzalkonium chloride is a cationic quarternary salt(1) and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(3).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In patch testing, the irritant benzalkonium chloride and several allergens produced maximal reactivity in the upper back, ... an observation recently extended to the middle scapula.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... 1,927 patients with chronic eczema (mean age 44.3 years, 601 males, 1,326 females) were patch tested with selected excipients. The main rates of sensitization observed were: thiomersal 11.3%, wool alcohols 4.0%, phenylmercuric acetate 3.1%, formaldehyde 2.5%, dodecyl gallate 2.0%, Bronopol 1.9%, dibromodicyanobutane/ phenoxyethanol (1:4) 1.7%, chloracetamide 1.6%, chlorhexidine digluconate 1.5%, Kathon CG 1.4%, parabens 1.1%, diazolidinyl urea 0.9%, imidazolidinyl urea 0.7%, benzalkonium chloride 0.7%, and Quaternium-15 (quaternary ammonium salt) 0.7%...

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Data of 42,898 patients tested with benzalkonium chloride (BAC) 0.1% in pet. in 3 different series (topical drugs, ophthalmics, and disinfectants) in the departments of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology between 1996 and 2006 was analysed. RESULTS: Overall, morphologically 'positive' reactions were rare, 0.6-1.5%, with a total of 41 stronger positive reactions. Concordance, assessed in 3322 patients tested in duplicate, was low (kappa coefficient 0.15, 95% CI: 0-0.31). Positive test reactions were observed significantly more often in the disinfectants series compared with the 2 other series, indicating that suspected exposure to disinfectants may be associated with sensitization. However, variation of stronger BAC test positivity across potentially relevant (occupational) groups was non-significant. CONCLUSION: This analysis of routine clinical data and a number of previous reports add further, if weak, evidence to the notion that BAC is a contact allergen, albeit a very rare one.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ BACKGROUND: Occupational skin diseases, including allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), irritant contact dermatitis, and allergic contact urticaria (ACU), occur commonly among health care workers (HCWs). PURPOSE: To evaluate the etiology of the various skin diseases afflicting HCWs evaluated for suspicion of ACD and/or ACU and to identify the most common allergens among HCWs found to have ACD and/or ACU. METHODS: A total of 1434 patients underwent patch testing. The demographic data and most common allergens for HCWs (n = 100) and non-HCWS (n = 1334) were compared. RESULTS: HCWs were statistically more likely than non-HCWS to be female, have hand dermatitis, and have a history of atopy. HCWs were also more likely to have work-related ACD especially to quaternium-15, thiuram, carba mix, glutaraldehyde and benzalkonium chloride, and to have ACU to latex...

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Benzalkonium Chloride Compounds (40 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chemical: Quaternary ammonium compounds, alkylbenzyldimethyl, chlorides

Hazard Traits - Hazard Trait Undefined；Authoritative List - CECBP - Priority Chemicals；Report - if used as a fragrance or flavor ingredient

2002/2076

Benzalkonium chloride: HSNO Approval: HSR002952 Approved with controls

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. (a) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-contact surfaces in public eating places, dairy-processing equipment, and food-processing equipment and utensils. Quaternary ammonium compounds, alkyl (C12-C18) benzyldimethyl, chlorides are included on this list. Limit: When ready for use, the end-use concentration of all quaternary chemicals in the solution is not to exceed 200 ppm of active quaternary compound.

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (c) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-processing equipment and utensils. Quaternary ammonium compounds, alkyl (C12-C18) benzyldimethyl, chlorides are included on this list. Limits: When ready for use, the end-use concentration of this specific quaternary compound is not to exceed 200 ppm within the end-use total concentration that is not to exceed 400 ppm active quaternary compound.

The Agency has completed its assessment of the dietary, occupational, drinking water, and ecological risks associated with the use of pesticide products containing the active ingredient Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC). Based on a review of these data and on public comments on the Agency's assessments for the active ingredient, ADBAC, the Agency has sufficient information on the human health and ecological effects of ADBAC to make decisions as part of the tolerance reassessment process under FFDCA and reregistration process under FIFRA, as amended by FQPA. The Agency has determined that ADBAC-containing products are eligible for reregistration provided that: (i) current data gaps and confirmatory data needs are addressed; (ii) the risk mitigation measure outlined in this document is adopted; and (iii) label amendments are made to reflect this measure. ... Based on its evaluation of ADBAC, the Agency has determined that ADBAC products, unless labeled and used as specified in this document, would present risks inconsistent with FIFRA. Accordingly, should a registrant fail to implement the risk mitigation measure identified in this document, the Agency may take regulatory action to address the risk concerns from the use of ADBAC. If all changes outlined in this document are incorporated into the product labels, then all current risks for ADBAC will be substantially mitigated for the purposes of this determination. Once an Endangered Species assessment is completed, further changes to these registrations may be necessary as explained in Section III of this document.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Alkyl dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chloride is found on List A, which contains most pesticides that are used on foods and, hence, have a high potential for human exposure. List A consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA '88. Case No: 0350; Pesticide type: antimicrobial; Registration Standard Date: 9/30/885 PB86-169406, 9/1/85 PB87-138749; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the RED /Reregistration Eligibility Decision/ document.; Active ingredient (AI): alkyl dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chloride; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide have made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

BODY CLEANSER

Skin Barrier Activity [PE]

WALGREEN

Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA]; Corticosteroid [EPC]

Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.

Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

Substances added to pharmaceutical preparations to protect them from chemical change or microbial action. They include ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS and antioxidants.

Percutaneous absorption is probably insignificant.

The absorption of Benzalkonium Chloride by the vaginal mucosa was evaluated in three women (ages 23, 27, and 36 years old) using tampons containing Benzalkonium Chloride (60 mg). Venous blood samples (10 mL) were drawn 15 min prior to tampon application and during the following intervals after application: 15 min, 1 hr, 3 hr, and 24 hr. The content of Benzalkonium Chloride in each blood sample was determined via HPLC (detection sensitivity < 50 ng/mL of blood). Benzalkonium Chloride was not detected in blood samples at any time during the study.

... The recovery of Benzalkonium Chloride from the blood and breast milk of four women using tampons containing Benzalkonium Chloride (60 mg) was evaluated. Venous blood and breast milk samples were taken 15 min prior to tampon application and 3 and 24 hr after application. The ... content of Benzalkonium Chloride in each sample /was determined by HPLC/. Benzalkonium Chloride was not detected in any of the four subjects.

A 50 uL drop of (14)C-Benzalkonium Chloride solution was placed on the corneal surface (lids held open) of young and adult New Zealand albino or Dutch belted rabbits. Normal blinking resumed after the lower lid was elevated to prevent fluid runoff. At various intervals after administration, the eye was washed with at least 1 mL saline and the following tissues and fluids were removed: bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva, aqueous humor, corneal epithelium, endothelium and stroma, iris-ciliary body, lens, vitreous, retina, and choroid. A plasma sample was obtained by direct cardiac puncture. Multiple drops of the radioactive solution were also applied. After administration of one drop, Benzalkonium Chloride was found in the corneal epithelium, endothelium, and stroma, and in the bulbar and palpebral conjunctivae. At no time was radioactive material found in the aqueous humor or any other tissues. Benzalkonium Chloride loss from ocular tissues was such that about one-third to two-thirds of its concentration (depending on the tissue) at 30 min remained after 24 hr; measurable values existed for as long as 120 hr. The administration of multiple drops led to continued accumulation of Benzalkonium Chloride.

CIR ingredient: Benzalkonium Chloride

Used to preserve cosmetics, mouthwashes, and skin cleansers and to cold sterilize medical and dental instruments; also used in agricultural, textile, and metallurgical processes; [Marks, p. 265-267] Quarternary ammonium compounds are also used as algaecides/slimicides (swimming pools, industrial water reservoirs, and farm ponds), antiseptics for cleaning wounds, antistatic agents for textiles, softeners for paper products, and pigment dispersers; [IPCS-PIMs]

Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry]；Using Disinfectants or Biocides [Category: Clean]；Sterilizing Equipment [Category: Clean]；Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing) [Category: Industry]；Metal Extraction and Refining [Category: Industry]

For benzalkonium chloride (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 069106) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Algicide, bacteriocide, bacteriostat, fungicide, fungistat, virucide, tuberculocide, insecticide, microbiocide, microbiostat, molluscide, deodorant, disinfectant, sanitizer, and wood preservation

It is a cationic wetting agent possessing detergent, keratolytic, and emulsifying action.

(1972) Probably > 4.54 X 10+5 g

(1984) 7.05 X 10+9 g

It can ... be made by preparing a primary amine from a fatty acid or a blend of fatty acids, then methylating the primary amine to form dimethyl alkylamine. This tertiary amine is then quaternized with benzyl chloride.

By treating a solution of N-alkyl-N-methylbenzylamine in suitable organic solvent with methyl chloride, the solvent being so chosen that the quaternary compound precipitates as it is formed.

Grade: United States Pharmacopeia

Benzalkonium Chloride is sold commercially as 50.0% or 80.0% solutions in water or alcohol, or in mixtures of water, ethyl alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol.

Drapolene /is/ a proprietary prepn of benzalkonium chloride in a cream base, used to treat nappy rash.

Tonsillin /is/ a proprietary prepn of benzalkonium chloride & penicillin V used in the treatment of tonsillitis.

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for Benzalkonium Chloride Compounds (31 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cosmetics product ingredient: Benzalkonium chloride；Reason for Listing: Priority Chemical identified under the California Environmental Contaminant Biomonitoring Program.；Potential Health Impacts: Undefined Toxicity；Product count: 16

Information on 53 consumer products that contain Benzalkonium chloride in the following categories is provided:；• Commercial / Institutional；• Home Maintenance；• Inside the Home；• Personal Care；• Pet Care

A typical quaternary ammonium salt

These salts are often called cationic surfactants or cationic detergents because their aqueous solutions have low surface tensions. Collectively they are referred to as "quaternary ammonium compounds" or QAC.

Of practical importance is its compatibility with phosphate buffers, pilocarpine hydrochloride, and physostigmine sulfate ... About 1/2 of the commercial ophthalmic solutions contain benzalkonium chloride, often with other antimicrobial agents, such as EDTA.

Probably the most widely used cationic surfactant, employed at use concentrations of 0.1% (and less) as germicide and sanitizer for chemically clean surfaces. Commercially avail as concentrated aqueous solution (2 to 50%).