마넵

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

Use carbon dioxide, dry powder. NO hydrous agents. NO water.

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Do not use water. Use graphite, soda ash, powdered sodium chloride, or suitable dry powder. /Maneb or maneb preparations stabilized/

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius. /Maneb or maneb preparation; Maneb or maneb preparations stabilized/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. When fire is out, cover all suspected material with dry sand or earth to prevent re-ignition until material can be permanently disposed of. /Maneb or maneb preparations/

Where the potential exists for exposure to Maneb, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.

This product must be stored in its sealed original containers, in well-aired places. It is recommended that the product's temperature should not exceed 25-30 °C. The containers must be stacked in such a way as to permit a free circulation of air also at the bottom & inside of the piles.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U114, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. /Ethylenebisdithiocarbamate/

The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for maneb: Concentration process: Biological treatment.

Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans, or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollutant Discharge Eliminations System (NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge. ... For guidance, contact your State Water Board or Regional Office of the Environmental Protection Agency.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Maneb has ... been shown to produce nigrostriatal degeneration when given in combination with paraquat ...

A study was made of the influence of acute Maneb pretreatment on the behavioral changes induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in mice. Male Swiss mice were given Maneb ip, sometimes in combination with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. In studies of locomotor activity effects, Maneb at 30 mg/kg and/or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine was administered at 50 mg/kg. Each mouse was introduced subsequent to treatment into a cage fitted with photocell units. The number of light beam interruptions was recorded during 1 hour. For catalepsy studies, groups of mice were given either compound and an additional group was treated with the combination. The duration of catalepsy was determined over a period of 2 hours by placing the forepaws of each animal over a horizontal glass rod. The results indicated that the administration of a single low dose of Maneb significantly potentiated the effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine on locomotor activity and on the duration of catalepsy in mice. When given in combination with the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, Maneb caused significantly greater inhibition of locomotor activity and prolongation of catalepsy than when given alone. These findings may be relevant to understanding the neurologic and/or motor impairments following exposure to pesticides and other environmental factors.

In recent years, several lines of evidence have shown an increase in Parkinson's disease (PD) prevalence in rural environments where pesticides are widely used. Paraquat (PQ--herbicide) and maneb (MB--fungicide) are among the compounds suspected to induce neuronal degeneration and motor deficits characteristics of PD. Here, the effects of PQ and MB on dopaminergic (DA) neuron-glia cultures and in vivo /were investigated/ in young adult /Sprague-Dawley and Wistar/ rats. In vitro, PQ led to a loss of DA as compared to non-DA neurons and microglial activation in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of MB had no further effect nor did it lead to microglial activation when used alone. In vivo, 2-month old young adult rats were subjected to intraperitoneal injections of vehicle (n = 4), PQ alone (n = 8), or PQ in combination with MB (n = 8) twice a week for 4 weeks and were sacrificed the day following the last injection. Significant loss of nigral DA neurons was observed in both treatment groups, but a significant decrease in striatal DA fibers was not found. Microglial activation was seen in the nigra of rats subjected to PQ with or without MB. Behavioral analyses demonstrated a mixed pattern of motor impairments, which may have been related to early effects of nigral DA neuronal loss or systemic effects associated with MB exposure in addition to PQ.

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) diet >5000 ppm for 8 days

LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail) diet >10000 ppm for 8 days

LD50; Species: Sturnus vulgaris (European starling) oral via capsule <1500 mg/kg for 14 days (95% confidence interval: 500-1500 mg/kg)

LD50; Species: Phasianus colchicus (ring-necked pheasant) oral via capsule <1500 mg/kg for 14 days (95% confidence interval: 750-1500 mg/kg)

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Maneb (38 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 240(2) indicates that maneb is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon rapid degradation of maneb in the environment by hydrolysis, oxidation, and photolysis, although microbial degradation may also contribute to soil transformation(3). Maneb is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 7.5X10-8 mm Hg(2). Aqueous solutions of maneb absorb UV light in the spectrum between 290 and 360 nm(4) which indicates a potential for direct photolysis from moist soil and plant surfaces(SRC). In a 5-day CO2 evolution study using an activated sludge inoculum, 0.6% of applied maneb was detected as 14C-labeled CO2(4), suggesting biodegradation may occur in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 240(2) indicates that maneb is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected based upon rapid degradation of maneb in the environment by hydrolysis, oxidation, and photolysis, although microbial degradation may also contribute to soil transformation(3). According to a classification scheme(4), a BCF of <10, measured in golden ide (Leuciscus idus melanotus) fish(5), suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolytic decomposition depends upon the aeration of the water and the pH with faster decomposition in aerated water and with increasing acidity(6). Aqueous solutions of maneb absorb UV light in the spectrum between 290 and 360 nm(5) which indicates a potential for direct photolysis in sunlit water(SRC). 14C-maneb was degraded 9.73-16.18% after 67 days in July and 11.18-27.37% in Sept in sediment at 5 sites from a Nicaraguan estuary incubated under anaerobic conditions(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), maneb, which has a vapor pressure of 7.5X10-8 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase maneb may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Aqueous solutions of maneb absorb UV light in the spectrum between 290 and 360 nm(3) and this indicates a potential for direct photolysis in the environment(SRC).

In a compilation of three federal monitoring programs for fiscal years 1970-1976 (FDA's Market Basket Survey, FDA's Monitoring Program for 33,000 domestic and 18,000 raw agricultural commodities, and USDA's National Residue Program), maneb was detected in only 21 samples (all in the leaf and stem vegetable category; concns not reported)(1). Maneb was detected in unquantified amounts in the FDA's regulatory monitoring program in various fresh and processed fruits and vegetables in 1989, and in cantaloupe, and fresh and processed fruits in 1990(2). Five field crops, tomatoes, potatoes, cucumbers, summer squash and cantaloupes, collected from 17 different locations throughout the US where maneb fungicide had been applied from 1-14 days previously and analyzed had residues ranging from <0.1 to 4.0 ppm(3). According to the FOODCONTAM database (a national database of information generated by US state agencies involved in regulation of agriculture, public health, and the environment), maneb was detected (concns or detection limits not reported) in only 2 of 13,085 food samples analyzed during fiscal year 1989(4). In CA for fiscal year 1989, analysis of 39 fruit and vegetable samples (apples, grapes, onions and lettuce) did not detect any maneb residues (detection limit not reported)(5). Residue tolerances on raw agricultural products in the US are generally in the range of 2-10 mg/kg, with exceptions of 0.1, 15 and 45 mg/kg for almonds and potatoes, bananas and sugar beet tops, respectively(6). Maneb has been infrequently found in raw foods in the US(7).

Between 1980 and 1985, 53 composite samples of farm-deliverable vegetables grown in Ontario were analyzed for dithiocarbamate fungicides (including maneb, zineb, mancozeb, metiram, ziram and thiram) with analysis results being reported as zineb equivalent (therefore, a positive detection could result from any one or combination of the fungicides)(1); 46 composites were below analytical detection limits (0.1 mg/kg) with 7 composites at the detection limit(1); in a similar study of fruit grown in Ontario between 1980 and 1984, no detectable levels of dithiocarbamate fungicides (detection limit of 0.01 mg/kg) were found in 5 fruit composite samples(2). The results of the European Union member states and Norway monitoring program for 1996 and 1997 found maneb in 13, 18 and 26% of strawberries, grapes and lettuce, respectively(3).

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Maneb is categorized as practically nontoxic to avian species and small mammals on an acute oral and subacute dietary basis. / The acute toxicity profile for birds and mammals was based on acute (single dose by gavage) studies showing maneb to be practically nontoxic in bobwhite quail and laboratory rats and subacute (five days of treated feed) in bobwhite quail and mallard ducks, /From table/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Male and female adult newts, Triturus cristatus carniflex: percutaneous exposure to 5 ppm: teratogenic effects in the regenerating forelimb as well as in amphibian embryos and homeothermic vertebrate embryos.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Maneb is very highly toxic to cold water freshwater fish (LC50 = 42 ppb), highly toxic to slightly toxic to warm water freshwater fish (LC50 = 170 - 68,000 ppb) and highly toxic to estuarine/marine fish (LC50 = 180 ppb). Acute toxicity values for aquatic invertebrates suggest that maneb is highly toxic to freshwater invertebrates (Daphnia EC50 = 120 ppb) and highly to very highly toxic to estuarine/marine invertebrates (mysid shrimp EC50 = 3 ppb)... . Early life-stage chronic freshwater fish NOAEC (No Observable Adverse Effect Concentration) and LOAEC (Lowest Observable Adverse Effect Concentration) values were determined to be 6.1 and 12 ppb, respectively, with reduced hatchability, fish survival and length of fry being the endpoints affected.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Like terrestrial plants, non-target aquatic plants may be exposed to pesticide from run-off, spray drift or volatization of maneb. Available information suggest that maneb may be toxic to nonvascular aquatic plants. The EC50 for freshwater green algae was 13 ppb based on growth inhibition, and a nominal NOAEC of 5.0 ppb. The potential for acute risks to terrestrial, semi-aquatic and aquatic vascular plants exposed to maneb at use sites is unknown.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Maneb (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Five field crops (tomatoes, potatoes, cucumbers, summer squash and cantaloupes) were collected from 17 different locations throughout the US where maneb fungicide had been applied from 1-14 days previously and analyzed for maneb and ethylenethiourea (ETU) residues(1); maneb residues ranged from <0.1 to 4.0 ppm while ETU residues were <0.05 ppm(1).

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Maneb

Endocrine

5 x 10 ^-3 mg/kg-day

U114; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts & esters, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). /Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts and esters/

Tolerances for residues of the fungicide maneb (manganous ethylenebisdithiocarbamate), calculated as zinc ethylenebisdithiocarbamate, are established in or on raw agricultural commodities in the following table: [Table#4786]

A time-limited tolerance is established for residues of the fungicide maneb (manganous ethylenebisdithiocarbamate), calculated as zinc ethylenebisdithiocarbamate, and its metabolite ethylenethiourea in connection with use of the pesticide under a section 18 emergency exemption granted by EPA. The tolerance will expire and is revoked on the date specified. Commodity: walnut; Expiration/Revocation Date: 12/31/09.

Pesticide chemicals that cause related pharmacological effects will be regarded as having an additive deleterious action. Where residues from two or more chemicals in the same class are present in or on a raw agricultural commodity the tolerance for the total of such residues shall be the same as that having the lowest numerical tolerance in this class. Maneb is a member of the class of dithiocarbamates.

The Agency has completed its assessment of the dietary, occupational, residential (as a result of exposures from mancozeb and maneb only), and ecological risk associated with the use of pesticide products containing the active ingredient maneb, including maneb-derived ETU and ETU from all sources. Based on a review of these data and on public comments on the Agency's assessments for the active ingredient maneb, the Agency has sufficient information on the human health and ecological effects of maneb to make decisions as part of the tolerance reassessment process under FFDCA and reregistration process under FIFRA, as amended by FQPA. The Agency has determined that maneb containing products are eligible for reregistration provided that: (i) current data gaps and confirmatory data needs are addressed; (ii) the risk mitigation measures outlined in this document are adopted; and (iii) label amendments are made to reflect these measures. ... Based on its evaluation of maneb, the Agency has determined that maneb products, unless labeled and used as specified in this document, would present risks inconsistent with FIFRA and FQPA. Accordingly, should a registrant fail to implement any of the risk mitigation measures identified in this document, the Agency may take regulatory action to address the risk concerns from the use of maneb. If all changes outlined in this document are incorporated into the product labels, then all current risks for maneb will be adequately mitigated for the purposes of this reregistration determination.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Maneb is found on List A, which contains most pesticides that are used on foods and, hence, have a high potential for human exposure. List A consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA '88. Case No: 0642; Pesticide type: fungicide; Registration Standard Date: 10/01/88; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the RED document.; Active ingredient (AI): maneb; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 3/03/95; 10/13/95; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide have made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Maneb is included on this list.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts and esters/

(AZ) ARIZONA 35 ug/l

(FL) FLORIDA 75 ug/l

(ME) MAINE 6 ug/l

Used to control potato and tomato blights; [EXTOXNET]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For maneb (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 014505) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Fungicide for vegetables, for seed treatment of vegetables and field crops, for deciduous fruits and nuts.

Maneb is used on a wide variety of food/feed crops, including fruit and nut crops, vegetable crops, field and forage crops, grapes, field crop seeds, and others; ornamental plants in nurseries and greenhouses; and sod farms. There are no residential uses, and no agricultural uses that could result in exposure to maneb in residential settings.

Controls many fungal diseases ... in field crops, fruits, nuts, vegetables, ornaments, turf, etc. Particularly used to control early and late blight of potatoes and tomatoes...

Many commercial ethylenebisdithiocarbamate samples, including Maneb, contain ethylenethiourea ... The initial ethylenethiourea content in specific formulations of 'Maneb, 80%' varied between 0.05 and 1.26%; after 39 days of storage ethylenethiourea levels varied between 0.58 and 14.54%.

(1975) 3.18 X 10+9 g (consumption)

(1978) 1.12X10+8 g (consumption)

Maneb is produced from an aqueous solution of nabam by neutralizing with acetic acid and addition of manganese chloride solution.

Maneb can be prepared by the reaction of ethylenediamine with carbon disulfide in the presence of sodium hydroxide to produce the sodium salt, which is then treated with a manganese salt (e.g. manganese sulfate) to precipitate Maneb.

A complete list of currently registered active pesticide products can be found in the National Pesticide Information Retrieval System's USEPA/OPP Registered and Cancelled Pesticide Product Database. These pesticide products are registered for use in the U.S. but approved products may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved products.

Drexel Manzi Flowable: Maneb 37%

IDA Maneb 4L (Drexel): Maneb 37%

IDA Maneb 80W (Drexel): Maneb 80%

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for Maneb (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Maneb (technical grade) as unlikely to present an acute hazard in normal use; Main Use: fungicide.

Maneb was first registered in the United States in 1962 for use on food and ornamental crops to prevent crop damage in the field and to protect harvested crops from deterioration in storage or transport. Maneb is a member of the ethylene bisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) group of fungicides, which includes the related active ingredients mancozeb and metiram. The EBDCs share the common degradate ethylenethiourea (ETU).