2,2'-메틸렌비스(4-클로로페놀)

Cosmetic ingredients (Dichlorophene) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Deodorant; Antimicrobial

Fungicides, Herbicides

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

Biocide

log Kow = 4.26

4.26

less than 1 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

Sparingly sol in toluene; 1 g sol in 1 g of 95% ethanol, in less than 1 g of ether; sol in methanol, isopropyl ether, petroleum ether; sol (with decomp) in alkaline aq solutions

In water, 30 mg/L at 25 °C

Active Ingredients (Dichlorophene) -> FDA Greenbook

Pharmaceuticals -> Animal Drugs -> Approved in Taiwan

351 to 352 °F (NTP, 1992)

177-178 °C

178 °C

Warning

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P305+P351+P338, P330, P337+P317, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Warning

H226 (20.6%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Phenol, 2,2'-methylenebis[4-chloro-

Hazard Traits - Developmental Toxicity

Hazard Traits - Neurotoxicity

2005/303

Dichlorophen: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include sensitivity dermatitis, photosensitivity and stomatitis. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal colic, diarrhea, urticarial rash and jaundice. Irritation of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract may also occur. It can cause cramps. Symptoms of exposure to related compounds include necrosis of the mucous membranes, cerebral edema, degenerative changes in the liver and kidneys, bladder necrosis, collapse, coma, painless blanching or erythema, possible corrosion, profuse sweating, intense thirst, cyanosis from methemoglobinemia, hyperactivity, stupor, blood pressure fall, hyperpnea, abdominal pain, hemolysis, convulsions and pulmonary edema followed by pneumonia. If death from respiratory failure is not immediate, oliguria or anuria may occur.

Dichlorophen is listed by the FDA as an over the counter (OTC) ingredient for antifungal and hair growth/loss treatment.

Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: dichlorophen is included in topical antifungal drug products.

Oral dosage form new animal drugs. Dichlorophene and toluene capsules. ... Indications for use: It is used for the removal of ascarids (Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina) and hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala) and as an aid in removing tapeworms (Taenia pisiformis, Dipylidium caninum, and Echinococcus granulosus) from dogs and cats.

Oral dosage form new animal drugs. Dichlorophene tablets. Indications for use: it is used /in dogs/ as a aid in the removal of tapeworms (Taenia pisiformis and Dipylidium caninum).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Dichlorophene is included on this list.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Dichlorophene is found on List C. Case No: 3059; Pesticide type: insecticide, fungicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered ... The case /is characterized/ as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.; Active ingredient (AI): dichlorophene; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Flam. Liq. 3 (20.6%)

Acute toxicity - category 4

Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 4

Acute Tox. 4 *

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Safe Storage of Pesticides. Always store pesticides in their original containers, complete with labels that list ingredients, directions for use, and first aid steps in case of accidental poisoning. Never store pesticides in cabinets with or near food, animal feed, or medical supplies. Do not store pesticides in places where flooding is possible or in places where they might spill or leak into wells, drains, ground water, or surface water.

If a spill occurs, clean it up promptly. Don't wash it away. Instead, sprinkle the spill with sawdust, vermiculite, or kitty litter. Sweep it into a plastic garbage bag, and dispose of it as directed on the pesticide product label.

After Applying a Pesticide, Indoors or Outdoors. To remove pesticide residues, use a bucket to rinse tools or equipment three times, including any containers or utensils that you used when mixing the pesticide. Then pour the rinsewater into the pesticide sprayer and reuse the solution by applying it according to the pesticide product label directions. After applying any pesticide wash your hands and any other parts of your body that may have come in contact with the pesticide..To prevent tracking pesticides inside, remove or rinse your boots or shoes before entering your home. Wash any clothes that have been exposed to a lot of pesticide separately from your regular wash.

AEROBIC: Dichlorophene, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(1). In another study, the initial rate of biodegradation of dichlorophene in sewage began rapidly (10-40 percent reduction after 1.5 days) and then slowed over a period of several days (20-55, 30-60, and 40-60 percent after 2.5, 3.5, and 7 days respectively)(2). Dichlorophene has been classified as a synthetic organic chemical unlikely to be removed during biological sewage treatment, even after prolonged exposure of the biota(3). Using a concentration of 10-20 mg/L, dichlorophene degraded 50 percent (aerobic) in an activated sludge test over a 2 week period(4).

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Safe Disposal of Pesticides. The best way to dispose of small amounts of excess pesticides is to use them - apply them - according to the directions on the label. If you cannot use them, ask your neighbors whether they have a similar pest control problem and can use them. If all of the remaining pesticide cannot be properly used, check with your local solid waste management authority, environmental agency, or health department to find out whether your community has a household hazardous waste collection program or a similar program for getting rid of unwanted, leftover pesticides. These authorities can also inform you of any local requirements for pesticide waste disposal.

Safe Disposal of Pesticides. An empty pesticide container can be as hazardous as a full one because of residues left inside. Never reuse such a container. When empty, a pesticide container should be rinsed carefully three times and the rinsewater thoroughly drained back onto the sprayer or the container previously used to mix the pesticide. Use the rinsewater as a pesticide, following label directions. Replace the cap or closure securely. Dispose of the container according to label instructions. Do not puncture or burn a pressurized container like an aerosol - it could explode. Do cut or puncture other empty pesticide containers made of metal or plastic to prevent someone from reusing them. Wrap the empty container and put it in the trash after you have rinsed it.

Wear the items of protective clothing the label requires: for example, non-absorbent gloves (not leather or fabric), rubber footwear (not canvas or leather), a hat, goggles, or a dust-mist filter. If no specific clothing is listed, gloves, long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and closed shoes are recommended. You can buy protective clothing and equipment at hardware stores or building supply stores.

Indoor Applications. If the label directions permit, leave all windows open and fans operating after the application is completed. If the pesticide product is only effective in an unventilated (sealed) room or house, do not stay there. Put all pets outdoors, and take yourself any your family away from treated areas for at least the length of time prescribed on the label. Apply most surface sprays only to limited areas such as cracks; don't treat entire floors, walls, or ceilings. Don't let pesticides get on any surfaces that are used for food preparation. Wash any surfaces that may have pesticide residue before placing food on them.

Indoor Applications. When using total release foggers to control pests, use no more than the amount needed and to keep foggers away from ignition sources (ovens, stoves, air conditioners, space heaters, and water heaters, for example). Foggers should not be used in small, enclosed places such as closets and cabinets or under tables and counters.

Outdoor Applications. Never apply pesticides outdoors on a windy day (winds higher than 10 mph). Position yourself so that a light breeze does not blow pesticide spray or dust into your face.

13 [mg/m3]

140 [mg/m3]

830 [mg/m3]

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

... A potentiating effect was observed both in vitro and in vivo when phenylmercuric acetate is added to hexachlorophene or dichlorophene.

Mongrel and beagle dogs were sprayed with Dichlorophene as the vehicle (one female and two males) and Dichlorophene plus 0.087% of the insecticide Dursban (two females and three males) once daily, 5 days per week, for a total of 10 applications. ... The eyes, nose, and ear canals were not protected from the spray except for precautions that pet owners would normally perform. No abnormal observations were made during daily observations and physical examinations or during opthalmoscopic examination before and 2 weeks after application of the spray. No mortalities occurred during the study. No significant differences were observed between pretest and final body weights. Hematologic and clinical chemistry data for each dog at 1, 2, and 4 weeks, which included blood urea nitrogen, blood glucose, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase, were comparable to pretest and control values. Erythrocyte and plasma cholinesterase values did not differ significantly from both vehicle and control animals. Animals that received the Dichlorophene plus Dursban had significantly decreased plasma cholinesterase values from day 1 of the treatment period until 42 days after treatment was stopped. However, the values were not significant 74 days after treatment was stopped.

LC50 Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) 800 ug/L/24 hr; renewal /formulated product/

LC50 Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) 540 ug/L/48 hr; renewal /formulated product/

LC50 Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow, 30 days old, mean length 17.1 mm, mean weight 0.071 g) 310 ug/L/96 hr; flow-through, 24.5 °C, dissolved oxygen 7.4 mg/L, hardness 46.8 mg CaCO3/L, alkalinity 40.9 mg CaCO3/L, pH 7.6 /98% pure/

LC50 Rasbora heteromorpha (Harlequinfish) 600 ug/L/24 hr; renewal /formulated product/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for DICHLOROPHENE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4,950(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 4.26(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dichlorophene is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Dichlorophene is a weak acid with pKa of 7.6(4), suggesting it will partially exist as an anion in moist soils. The anionic form of dichlorophene is expected to have greater mobility than the neutral species since anions do not adsorb to soils as strongly as uncharged compounds(5). Volatilization of dichlorophene from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) since anions do not volatilize and the Henry's Law constant of the neutral species is estimated as 1.2X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.8X10-11 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 30 mg/L(4). Dichlorophene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Screening studies using activated sludge and sewage suggest that dichlorophene is biodegradeable under aerobic conditions and low concentrations, but may be toxic to the microorganisms at higher concentrations(6-9).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4,950(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 4.26(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dichlorophene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Dichlorophene is a weak acid with pKa of 7.6(4), indicating it will partially exist as an anion at environmental pH(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces will not occur for the anionic species since ions do not volatilize. Volatilization of the neutral species is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.8X10-11 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 30 mg/L(4). According to a classification scheme(5), BCF values of 26 to 281 measured in carp(6), suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to high. Screening studies using activated sludge and sewage inoculum suggest that dichlorophene is biodegradeable under aerobic conditions and low concentrations, but may be toxic to the microorganisms at higher concentrations(6-9). Dichlorophene absorbs light greater than 290 nm and has been shown to undergo direct photolysis in aqueous solutions; however, the rate of this reaction was not reported(4,10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dichlorophene, which has a vapor pressure of 9.8X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C (2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase dichlorophene may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

The CIR Expert Panel concludes that the available data are insufficient to support safety of Dichlorophene or Chlorophene.

Ingredients for which the data are insufficient and their use in cosmetics is not supported

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ 5 ppm of Panacide prolonged the lag phase, decreased the growth rate and final yield of the green alga, Scenedesmus obliquus. Synthesis of nucleic acid remained stationary over the first 2 days. Synthesis of RNA and DNA was slower than in controls. Treatment with 20 ppm completely ended algal growth and resulted in lysis of cells after 72 hr contact. Synthesis of chlorophyll was also affected.

The Koc of dichlorophene is estimated as 4,950(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.26(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that dichlorophene is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Dichlorophene is a weak acid with pKa of 7.6(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in anionic form in the environment(SRC). The anionic species is expected to have greater mobility in soils than the neutral species since anionic compounds typically adsorb less to soils than neutral compounds(5).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ /Investigators/ photopatch tested 352 subjects because they had a history suggestive of photosensitivity or an eruption involving sun-exposed areas. Most of the subjects with a positive photopatch test were in their fifth to sixth decade of life and none were children. Dichlorophene (1% in white petrolatum) was applied in duplicate by routine patch-testing procedures. Aluminum patches and plastic tape were used. One of the duplicate set was removed and examined at 24 hr. The skin was cleansed and exposed for 30 s through a window glass filter to 3.56 joules/sq cm of long wave UV rays between 320 and 400 nm from a hot quartz contact lamp at 3.4 cm. The irradiated and closed patch test sites were examined 48, 72, 96, and sometimes 120 hr after initial application. There were 13/352 positive photopatch tests to dichlorophene.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ /Investigators/ photopatch tested 108 men and women patients with a suspected photodermatitis. The photopatch series tested in duplicate included dichlorophene at a concentration of 1% in petrolatum. Photopatch tests were applied to the patient's back, one on either side of the midline. Photopatch tests were removed at day 2 and irradiated with 10 J/sq cm UVA from Philips TL K40 W109 N fluorescent tubes. Readings were performed on days 3 and 4. The diagnoses were as follows: contact allergy if both nonirradiated and irradiated sites were positive; photocontact allergy if only the irradiated site had a positive reaction; and contact allergy associated with photoallergy if both sites were positive but the irradiated site had a stronger reaction than the nonirradiated one. None of the 108 patients had a positive photopatch test to dichlorophene.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ /Investigators/ described the outbreak of dermatitis in 15 subjects in which eruptions affected the dorsal surfaces of the hands and fingers, which were dry, scaly, and erythematous with a tendency to fissure. One subject had eruptions on the palms and forearms. The standard A1-test were carried out on samples of 2.5% dichlorophene in PMF (not defined). Four of the subjects were sensitive to dichlorophene, reactions varied from 2+ to 3+.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Appreciable proportion of treated patients experience colic, diarrhea, and nausea lasting from 4-6 hr. Vomiting may occur occasionally. Lassitude is another common symptom.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DICHLOROPHENE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Dichlorophene's production and use as an anthelmintic(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Dichlorophene is listed by the FDA as an over the counter (OTC) ingredient for antifungal and hair growth/loss treatment(2). Its former production and use in pesticide products as an algacide, fungicide, and bactericide(3) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

AEROBIC: Dichlorophene, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(1). In another study, the initial rate of biodegradation of dichlorophene in sewage began rapidly (10-40 percent reduction after 1.5 days) and then slowed over a period of several days (20-55, 30-60, and 40-60 percent after 2.5, 3.5, and 7 days respectively)(2). Dichlorophene has been classified as a synthetic organic chemical unlikely to be removed during biological sewage treatment, even after prolonged exposure of the biota(3). Using a concentration of 10-20 mg/L, dichlorophene degraded 50 percent (aerobic) in an activated sludge test over a 2 week period(4).

ANAEROBIC: Using a concentration of 10-20 mg/L, dichlorophene degraded 0 percent in an activated sludge test over a 2 week period(1).

BCF values of 26 to 84 and 98 to 281 were measured for carp exposed to dichlorophene at concns of 50 ug/L and 5 ug/L, respectively, over an 8 week incubation period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to high(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for dichlorophene is estimated as 1.2X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 9.8X10-11 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 30 mg/L(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dichlorophene is expected to be essentially non-volatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). Additionally, dichlorophene is a weak acid with pKa of 7.6(1) indicating it will partially exist as an anion at environmental pH, and ionic species do not volatilize. Dichlorophene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

Dichlorophen is listed by the FDA as an over the counter (OTC) ingredient for antifungal and hair growth/loss treatment.

Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: dichlorophen is included in topical antifungal drug products.

Oral dosage form new animal drugs. Dichlorophene and toluene capsules. ... Indications for use: It is used for the removal of ascarids (Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina) and hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala) and as an aid in removing tapeworms (Taenia pisiformis, Dipylidium caninum, and Echinococcus granulosus) from dogs and cats.

Oral dosage form new animal drugs. Dichlorophene tablets. Indications for use: it is used /in dogs/ as a aid in the removal of tapeworms (Taenia pisiformis and Dipylidium caninum).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Dichlorophene is included on this list.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Dichlorophene is found on List C. Case No: 3059; Pesticide type: insecticide, fungicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered ... The case /is characterized/ as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.; Active ingredient (AI): dichlorophene; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents

QP - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents

/Investigators/ dosed female Wistar albino rats (3/group) orally with 50 mg/kg [14C]-dichlorophene dissolved in propane-1,2-diol. ... The following urinary metabolites were identified: 4% dichlorophene; 17% dichlorophene sulfate; 25% dichlorophene monoglucuronide; and 19% dichlorophene diglucuronide. Bile duct-cannulated rats excreted 36% of the dose of [14C]-dichlorophene 1 to 4 hr after dosing. The intestinal contents and the intestinal wall had 32% and 11% [14C]-dichlorophene, respectively, whereas 2% was found in the urine. Only the monoglucuronide metabolite of [14C]-dichlorophene was found in the bile. The investigators suggested that dichlorophene underwent enterohepatic circulation.

/Investigators examined/ the metabolites of dichlorophene from enterohepatic circulation in female Vom strain rats. Female rats were dosed orally with 50 mg/kg [14C]-dichlorophene (5 uCi/kg) and were bile-duct cannulated 1 hr later. Bile and urine were collected for 3 hr. The bile was then infused into the duodenum of another set of cannulated rats, from which bile and urine were collected. This process was repeated with a third set of rats. Five rats were used in each experiment. The only biliary metabolite was the monoglucuronide in all three experiments. In the urine, dichlorophene sulfate and diglucuronide were the major metabolites. Blood from the hepatic portal vein in rats receiving bile contained free dichlorophene and its monoglucuronide.

/After/ orally administered dichlorophene: (1) dichlorophene is absorbed from the gut, is conjugated to the sulfate and monoglucuronide in the gut wall, and passes to the liver where more of these metabolites can be formed; (2) the diglucuronide is formed in the liver or other organs perfused by systemic circulation; (3) the sulfate and diglucuronide are eliminated from the peripheral circulation via the kidneys; (4) the diglucuronide is too water soluble for biliary excretion; however, most of the monoglucuronide undergoes biliary excretion; (5) residual monoglucuronide is metabolized to sulfate and diglucuronide on subsequent passes through the enterohepatic cycle and these are eliminated via the kidneys.

Agents used to treat tapeworm infestations in man or animals.

Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.

Substances that are destructive to protozoans.

Following oral administration to the rat, (14)C-dichlorophen was well absorbed with 78% of the dose excreted in the urine and 15% in the feces in 2 days.

/Investigators/ dosed female Wistar albino rats (3/group) orally with 50 mg/kg [14C]-dichlorophene dissolved in propane-1,2-diol. One group of rats was bile-duct cannulated 1 hr after oral administration of [14C]-dichlorophene. An average of 95% [14C]-dichlorophene was excreted in the urine and feces 2 days after dosing. Most (78%) of the biocide was recovered in the urine, and 17% was recovered in the feces.

CIR ingredient: Dichlorophene

Used as a veterinary fungicide, anthelmintic, and antiprotozoan. [Merck Index # 3071] Used as a fungicide on negatives in photographic development; [Kanerva, p. 1637] Used as a biocide, algaecide, fungicide, and disinfectant (textiles, oilfield operations, cement additive, leather, paper, cutting oils, toothpaste, soaps, lawn furniture, dermatological products,

As of 1998, no longer present in any registered pesticide products in the United States; [HSDB]

Photographic Processing [Category: Other]

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

For dichlorophene (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 055001) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

(1979) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 2.27X10+6 GRAMS

(1981) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 2.27X10+6 GRAMS

(1986) 10 thousand-500 thousand pounds[US EPA; Non-confidential Production Volume Information Submitted by Companies for Chemicals Under the 1986-2002 Inventory Update Rule (IUR). Phenol, 2,2'-methylenebis

(1994) 10 thousand-500 thousand pounds[US EPA; Non-confidential Production Volume Information Submitted by Companies for Chemicals Under the 1986-2002 Inventory Update Rule (IUR). Phenol, 2,2'-methylenebis

For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for DICHLOROPHENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

...By adding a CH2O yielding reagent, eg aqueous formaldehyde to p-chlorophenol.

... Produced by reaction of 4-chlorophenol with 0.5 M aqueous formaldehyde solution with the addition of sulfuric acid at 50 - 65 °C.

Dichlorophen is used as such; as 'panacide', an aqueous solution of monosodium salt (400 g/L); or the anthelmintic, 'Antiphen'.

GO4 technical; g-4-40%= 40% solution of monosodium salt.

Dichlorophen (Anthiphen) is not marketed in the United States. It is supplied as scored tablets containing 500 mg of active material.

Selected products: Xanbac D, Fungo, Mascot, Nomix-Chipman Mosskiller, Panacide, Super Mosstox; mixtures: Synergol (+1-naphthylacetic acid + 4-indol-3-ylbutyric acid). Discontinued products: Panaclean.

Grade: Pure and technical

Animal Drugs -> FDA Approved Animal Drug Products (Green Book) -> Active Ingredients

Pharmaceuticals -> Animal Drugs -> Approved in Taiwan

Cosmetics -> Deodorant; Antimicrobial

Phenol, 2,2'-methylenebis[4-chloro-: ACTIVE

Chlorinated bisphenol antibacterial & antifungal agents are potent inhibitors of torula yeast (Candida utilis) glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Several compounds were tested including 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-dichlorophenol).

Dichlorophen is fungicide & bactericide recommended for the protection of textiles & materials including horticultural benches & equipment against moulds & algae. It is...basis of a preparation against athlete's feet.