Huagongshe화공사 화학 정보 인쇄 보고서 · 연구 참고용
벤조페논
벤조페논 · 벤조일벤젠 · 디페닐케톤 · BPN · Benzophenon · DIPHENYL KETONE · DIPHENYLMETHANONE · dipheny ketone
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 119-61-9 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | C13H10O |
| 평균 분자량 | 182.22 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 182.07316494 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=C(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 |
| InChIKey | RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 3102 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL90039 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:41308 |
| EC No. | 204-337-6 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID0021961 |
| 현지명 | 벤조페논 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| XLogP | 3.4 |
|---|---|
| 극성 표면적 | 17.1 |
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 1 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 2 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 14 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 165 |
| LogP(분배 계수) | 3.18log Kow = 3.183.38 |
| 냄새 | Geranium-like odorSweet, rose-like odor독특한 냄새 |
| 밀도 | 1.085 at 122 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink1.111 g/cu cm at 18 °CRelative density (water = 1): 1.11.1 @25 °C |
| Color/Form | Orthorhombic prisms from alcohol (alpha)monoclinic prisms (beta)Rhombic prisms (stable form), monoclinic prisms (labile form), white crystals |
| 용해도 | Insoluble (<1 mg/ml at 77 °F) (NTP, 1992)137In water, 1.37X10+2 mg/L at 25 °COne gram dissolves in 7.5 mL alcohol and 6 mL ethersoluble in chloroformVery soluble in acetone, acetic acid, and carbon disulfidesoluble in benzene and methanol.0.137 mg/mL at 25 °C에탄올: 용해성100mg/mL, 투명, 무색(80% 에탄올) |
| 인화점 | greater than 270 °F (USCG, 1999)146 °C>230 °F |
| 끓는 점 | 582.6 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)305.4305.9 °C305.00 to 307.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg305 °C305 °C (lit.) |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomp it emits acrid and irritating fumes.>320 °C |
| 녹는점 | alpha-118.6 °Fbeta-79 °Fgamma-117 °F. (NTP, 1992)47.848.5 °CMelting point: 47 °C (gamma-Benzophenone)26 °C47-51 °C (lit.) |
| 증기 밀도 | Relative vapor density (air = 1): 6.34.21 (vs air) |
| 증기압 | 0.00193 [mmHg]1 [mm Hg] @108.2 °C1 mm Hg ( 108 °C) |
| Surface Tension | 45.1 dyne/cm at 20 °C |
| 굴절률 | 1.5893 |
| FEMA | 2134 | BENZOPHENONE |
| 저장 조건 | Store below +30°C. |
| 물리적 상태 | 결정질 분말 또는 플레이크 |
| 색상 | 흰색에서 황백색까지 |
| 향취 유형 | 발사믹 |
| 생물학적 소스 | synthetic |
| 용해도 | 불용성(25°C에서 <0.1g/100mL) |
| 비열 | Cp(crystal): 1.23 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| JECFA Number | 831 |
| Merck | 14,1098 |
| BRN | 1238185 |
| 헨리 상수 | 1.7×101 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Mackay et al. (2006) |
| 유전율 | 13.0(20℃) |
| 안정성 | 안정적인. 강한 산화제, 강한 환원제와 호환되지 않습니다. 타기 쉬운. |
| 화장품 원료 기능 | 광안정기향기 |
| InChI | 1S/C13H10O/c14-13(11-7-3-1-4-8-11)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H |
| InChIKey | RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | O=C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2 |
| LogP(분배 계수) | 3.18 at 25℃ |
| NIST | Benzophenone(119-61-9) |
| EPA | Benzophenone (119-61-9) |
화학적 성질
Benzophenone is a combustible, white, crystalline solid with a rose-like odor. soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform and other organic solvents and monomers, insoluble in water. It is a free radical photoinitiator, mainly used in free radical UV curing systems, such as coatings, inks, adhesives, etc. It can be prepared in several ways, for example, by Friedel–Crafts reaction of benzene and benzoyl chloride with aluminum chloride, or of benzene and carbon tetrachloride, and oxidation of diphenylmethane.
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | DangerH350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]P203, P280, P318, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.8% (84 of 4790) of reports. |
|---|---|
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: Methanone, diphenyl-Hazard Traits - CarcinogenicityAuthoritative List - EC Annex VI CMRs - Cat. 1BIARC Carcinogens - 2BProp 65Report - regardless of intended function of ingredient in the productRegulation (EC) No 1831/2003 (amended)Methanone, diphenyl- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Methanone, diphenyl- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 03-06-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13823Status: No longer Valid Update: 16-05-2013 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/11065Status: No longer Valid Update: 24-05-2013 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/7366Benzophenone: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - Methanone, diphenyl-: Human health tier II assessment |
| 운송 라벨(DOT) | Flammable Liquid |
| 화재 위험 | Flash point data for this chemical are not available, but it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)Combustible. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with incompatible substances. See Chemical Dangers. |
| 화재 가능성 | CombustibleFlammable liquid |
| 건강 유해성 | Ingestion causes gastrointestinal disturbances. Contact causes eye irritation and, if prolonged, irritation of skin. (USCG, 1999) |
| 유해성 요약 | A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant[ICSC] An irritant[MSDSonline] Liver changes as in chronic hepatitis were noted in high-dose animal studies[AIHA] See Oxybenzone. |
| FDA 요건 | Benzophenone is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part. |
| 반응성 그룹 | Hydrocarbons, AromaticKetones |
| Reactivity Profile | Ketones, such as BENZOPHENONE, are reactive with many acids and bases liberating heat and flammable gases (e.g., H2). The amount of heat may be sufficient to start a fire in the unreacted portion of the ketone. Ketones react with reducing agents such as hydrides, alkali metals, and nitrides to produce flammable gas (H2) and heat. Ketones are incompatible with isocyanates, aldehydes, cyanides, peroxides, and anhydrides. They react violently with aldehydes, HNO3, HNO3 + H2O2, and HClO4. This compound can react with oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992) |
| 대기 기준 | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Benzophenone is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. |
| Chemical Dangers | On combustion, forms toxic gases. Reacts with strong oxidants. This generates fire and explosion hazard. |
| 소화 | Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Water may be ineffective.Fire Extinguishing Agents: Foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray. (USCG, 1999)Use powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water spray, carbon dioxide. |
| 응급 조치 | Fresh air, rest.Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).Rinse mouth. |
| 응급 처치 | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated areatake deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be usedif not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992) |
| 안전 보관 | Separated from strong oxidants. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. |
| 소화 절차 | Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary. |
| 보관 조건 | Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Recommended storage temperature -20 °C.Benzophenone should be stored under cool, dry conditions. A temperature above 45 °C should be avoided (risk of caking). |
| 정리 방법 | Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust.Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. |
| 비화재 누출 대응 | SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with alcohol, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with alcohol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminate area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992) |
| 처리 방법 | SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in air, soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. |
| 누출 처리 | Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| Preventive Measures | Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Further processing of solid materials may result in formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. |
| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directionsalso, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024) |
| 체내 부담 | Limited information exists on the exposure of benzophenone (BP)-type UV filters (i.e., sunscreen compounds) in children, adults, and pregnant women in China. In this study, we determined the concentrations of five BP derivatives, BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, BP-8, and 4OH-BP in urine (n = 101) as well as paired specimens of blood and urine (n = 24 pairs) collected from adultsin matched maternal and fetal cord blood (n = 20 pairs) collected from pregnant womenand in blood collected from children (n = 10). 4OH-BP, BP-1, and BP-3 were found in 61%, 57%, and 25%, respectively, of the urine samples analyzed. 4OH-BP was found in all blood samplesBP-3 was found more frequently in the blood of adults (83%), followed, in decreasing order, by pregnant women (35%) and children (30%). Among all adults, urinary BP-3 concentrations were significantly (p < 0.001) positively correlated with urinary BP-1 concentrations. Nevertheless, no significant correlations were found between urinary concentrations of BP-3 (or BP-1) and 4OH-BP. Our results suggest that human exposure to BP-3 and BP-1 is related, whereas 4OH-BP originates from a discrete source. Females had higher urinary concentrations of BP-3, BP-1 and 4OH-BP than males. The distribution profiles of BP-1 and its parent compound (i.e., BP-3) in urine decreased with increasing age of donors (p < 0.05). The ratio of concentrations of BP-3 between blood and urine was 0.21 in adults, which was significantly lower than that for 4OH-BP (0.36). The concentration ratio of BPs between cord blood and maternal blood was higher for 4OH-BP (0.61) than that for BP-3 (0.48), which suggested greater trans-placental transfer potential of 4OH-BP. This is the first study to document the occurrence of BPs in paired urine and blood, and in matched maternal and fetal cord blood. /Benzophenones/Biomonitoring of human exposure to bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers (BADGEsresin coating for food cans), p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabenspreservatives), benzophenone-type UV filters (BP-UV filterssunscreen agents), triclosan (TCSantimicrobials), and triclocarban (TCCantimicrobials) has been investigated in western European countries and North America. Nevertheless, little is known about the exposure of Greek populations to these environmental chemicals. In this study, 100 urine samples collected from Athens, Greece, were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of total concentrations of five derivatives of BADGEs, six parabens and their metabolite (ethyl-protocatechuate), five derivatives of BP-UV filters, TCS, and TCC. Urinary concentrations of BADGEs, parabens, ethyl-protocatechuate, BP-UV filters, TCS and TCC (on a volume basis) ranged 0.3-20.9 (geometric mean: 0.9), 1.6-1010 (24.2), < 2-71.0 (2.1), 0.5-1120 (4.4), < 0.5-2580 (8.0) and < 0.5-1.9 (0.6) ng/mL, respectively. All 19 target chemicals were found in urine, and the highest detection rates were observed for methyl paraben (100%), bisphenol A bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (90%), ethyl paraben (87%), 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (78%), propyl paraben (72%), and TCS (71%). Estimated daily intakes (EDIurine), calculated on the basis of the measured urinary concentrations, ranged from 0.023 ug/kg bw/day for the sum of 5BADGEs to 31.4 ug/kg bw/day for the sum of 6Parabens. /Benzophenones/Parabens, benzophenone-3 (BP3), and phthalates are commonly used as antimicrobial conservator, UV-filter, and plasticizer, respectively, and are thought to exhibit endocrine disrupting properties. These endocrine disrupting activities have been recently assumed to lead to cutaneous malignant melanoma. Humans are exposed to these chemicals through different sources such as food, personal care products, or cosmetics. In this study, we measured urinary levels of 4 parabens, BP3, and 7 metabolites of phthalates in samples collected from 261 participants living in and around Liege (Belgium). The analyses were carried out by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using isotopic dilution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the urinary levels of these 3 classes of chemicals are reported for the same general population in Belgium. Most of the parabens, the BP3, and all the phthalate metabolites were detected in 82.8 to 100.0% of the samples. For most of these chemicals, the exposure patterns significantly differ not only between children and adults, but also between males and females, especially with higher concentrations of parabens and phthalate metabolites in female and children subjects, respectively. /3-Benzophenone/ |
| Treatment | If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally. |
| 상호 작용 | BACKGROUND: Ketoprofen, suprofen and tiaprofenic acid are arylpropionic anti-inflammatories. Their chemical structures share the same elements as the benzoyl radical and the tiophene ring. We experienced nine cases of ketoprofen photoallergy, seven cases of suprofen photoallergy and three cases of tiaprofenic photoallergy. PURPOSE: To find the key structure of photosensitivity and photocross-reactivity to ketoprofen, suprofen and tiaprofenic acid. METHODS: : Three animals were tested for phototoxicity and six animals for the photosensitization potentials of ketoprofen, suprofen, tiaprofenic acid and benzophenone, and the photocross-reactivity of the above chemicals. Test substances were applied symmetrically on both sides of the animals' backs. The animals were irradiated with 180 mJ/cm2 UVB ((1/2) MED) and 10 J/cm2 UVA on the left side. The reactions were read on days 2, 3 and 4. The photosensitization potentials of ketoprofen, suprofen, tiaprofenic acid and benzophenone were determined using the Adjuvant-Strip method. Six animals were assigned to each test group and to a control group. RESULTS: Ketoprofen, suprofen, tiaprofenic acid and propionic acid showed negative reactions with the phototoxic test. Benzophenone showed phototoxic reactions to 40% acetone (ac.), 20% ac. and 10% ac. Therefore, we used 5% aq. benzophenone with the photosensitization test. Ketoprofen was the strongest photosensitizer (6/6) and showed photocross-reactivities to suprofen (2/6), tiaprofenic acid (3/6) and benzophenone (6/6). Suprofen was a strong photosensitizer (4/6) and showed photocross-reactivities to ketoprofen (1/4) and tiaprofenic acid (2/4), but not to benzophenone. Tiaprofenic acid was also a photosensitizer (2/6) but showed a photocross-reactivity only to benzophenone (2/2). Benzophenone was also the strongest photosensitizer (6/6), but did not photocross-react to the above three chemicals. CONCLUSION: From the test results, it appears that benzoyl radical is the key structu |
| 건강 영향 | Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Certain reproductive effects in fertility, growth, and development for males and females have been linked specifically to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Most of the research on reproductive effects has been conducted on farmers working with pesticides and insecticdes in rural areas. In females menstrual cycle disturbances, longer pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and some developmental effects in offspring have been linked to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Prenatal exposure has been linked to impaired fetal growth and development. Neurotoxic effects have also been linked to poisoning with OP pesticides causing four neurotoxic effects in humans: cholinergi |
| 생태독성 수치 | EC50Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow)Conditions: flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 25.3 °C, dissolved oxygen 6.9 mg/L, hardness 47.9 mg/L calcium carbonate, alkalinity 34.0 mg/L calcium carbonate, and pH 7.72Concentration: 15.3 mg/L for 96 hr (confidence limit: 14.4-16.3 mg/L)Effect: loss of equilibriumLC50Species: Ceriodaphnia dubia (Water flea)Conditions: freshwaterstaticConcentration: 7600 ug/L for 1 day /active ingredient/Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea)Concentration: 280 ug/L (95% confidence limit: 210 to 370 ug/L) for 1 dayEffect: intoxication, immobile /active ingredient/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for BENZOPHENONE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 환경 거동 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 413(2) and 517(3) indicate that benzophenone is expected to have moderate to low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of benzophenone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 1.93X10-3 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 137 mg/L(5). Benzophenone is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 430(2) and 517(3) indicate that benzophenone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.93X10-3 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 137 mg/L(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 15 and 110 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), a BCF range of 3.4-9.2(8) suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(8) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), benzophenone, which has a vapor pressure of 1.93X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase benzophenone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.6X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Benzophenone absorbs UV light at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
| 식품 조사 수치 | Benzophenone occurrence in various foods(1).[Table#6306] |
| 유해 작용 | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. |
| 노출 경로 | The substance can be absorbed into the body through the skin and by ingestion. |
| 독성 요약 | IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Benzophenone (BZP) comes in the form of orthorhombic prisms, monoclinic prisms, and white crystals. It has a characteristic sweet geranium or rose-like odor. BZP is used as a photoinitiator, a fragrance enhancer, an ultraviolet stabilizer, and, occasionally, as a flavor ingredientit is also used in the manufacture of insecticides, agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals (antihistamines), hypnotics, paints, lacquers and cosmeticsand is an additive for plastics, coatings, and adhesives. Not registered for current use as a pesticide in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There is limited information on the toxic effects of BZP in humans published. It showed little activity in the hormone-responsive reporter assay tested in various cell lines. ANIMAL STUDIES: BZP showed no estrogenic activity, however, after irradiating an aqueous solution of BZP with UV or sunlight, it can be converted into ring-hydroxylated derivatives (3-hydroxy BP (BP-3OH) and 4-hydroxyBP (BP-4OH)) that have estrogenic activity. BP-4OH was more potent than BP-3OH for promoting estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated transcription and uterotrophic activity, although both of them showed same affinity in ER binding. The reproductive toxicity of BZP was evaluated in a two generation test in which male and female rats, parental (F0) and first generation (F1), were exposed to BZP by feeding diet containing BZP at concentrations of 0 (control), 100, 450 or 2000 ppm. With regard to the effects of BZP on the F0 and F1 parental animals, inhibition of body weight gain and food consumption, significantly elevated renal weights, dilatation of the renal proximal tubules, and regeneration of the proximal tubular epithelium were recognized at doses of 450 ppm and 2000 ppm, along with an increase in hepatic weight and centrilobular hepatocyticBenzophenone is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibitor (or 'anticholinesterase') suppresses the action of acetylcholinesterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholinesterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses, followed by muscle spasms and ultimately death. Nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have been shown to act by binding a serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop. Among the most common acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are phosphorus-based compounds, which are designed to bind to the active site of the enzyme. The structural requirements are a phosphorus atom bearing two lipophilic groups, a leaving group (such as a halide or thiocyanate), and a terminal oxygen. |
| 생태독성 발췌 | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ The lethal and sublethal effects of six monosubstituted derivatives of benzene were measured by using the 7 day test with fathead minnow larvae. The LC50s for larvae were compared to those derived from the acute test. The larvae were more sensitive than juvenile fish, yet the toxicity order /of the six monosubstituted derivatives of benzene/ was the same for both life stages, that is, butylphenylether > benzophenone > toluene = benzene > nitrobenzene > aniline. .../AQUATIC SPECIES/ In a previous study, structure-based rules were formulated to predict estrogenicity of phenolic molecules. The determination of estrogenic activity (EC50) and acute toxicity (LC50) of benzophenones was undertaken, and experimental and predicted estrogenic potency values were compared. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based lac-Z reporter assay was used to generate experimental data. Estrogenicity was measured colormetrically as beta-galactosidase activity. On the basis of the series of rules, beta-galactosidase activity was predicted correctly for 14 of the 18 benzophenones tested. As predicted, benzophenone, as well as derivatives with a methyl-, chloro-, or nitro-substituent, exhibited no beta-galactosidase activity. As anticipated, 4-hydroxybenzophenone exhibited weak beta-galactosidase activity (EC50 value of e-06 M). The 3-hydroxybenzophenone exhibited almost the same activity as the 4-hydroxy derivative, whereas the 2-hydroxy derivative was nonactive. It was observed while replacing the para-hydroxyl group with an amino moiety decreased beta-galactosidase activity by a half order of magnitude, replacement of the para-hydroxy moiety with a methoxy group negated activity. The nonsymmetrical trihydroxylated benzophenone exhibited activity near to the monohydrox-yl derivative. Near symmetrical tri- and symmetrical tetrahydroxylated benzophenones were determined to have greater estrogenic activity (EC50 values of e-07 M) than nonsymmetrical molecules. A comparison of estrogenicity (EC50) with acute toxicity (LC50) reveals a less than a 10-fold difference in activities for weaker estrogenic compounds. However, the more hydrophilic, stronger estrogenic compounds typically exhibit a difference of two to three orders of magnitude between EC50 and LC50 values. |
| Plant Concentrations | Benzophenone was reported at a concentration range of 0-56 ppm in the flower part of Merrill flowers, Telosma chordata (Asclepiadaceae)(1). |
| 수질 위해 등급(WGK) | 2 |
| TSCA 등재 상태 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 번호 | DI9950000 |
| 운송 번호(UN) | UN 3077 9/PG 3 |
| 독성 | LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 10000 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit 3535 mg/kg |
| 관세 코드 | 29143900 |
| 위험 문구(R) | 36/37/38-52/53-50/53-67-65-62-51/53-48/20-11-40 |
| 위험 표시 | Xi,N,Xn,F |
| 안전 문구(S) | 26-61-37/39-29-60-36-62-36/37-33-16-9 |
| 포장분류 | III |
| 위험 등급 | 9Aquatic Chronic 3Carc. 1BSTOT RE 2 Oral |
| 기존화학 물질 | KE-02716 |
| F 고인화성물질 | 10 |
| 저장 분류 | 6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects |
| 유해 물질 데이터 | 119-61-9(Hazardous Substances Data) |
용도
용도
1. Benzophenone 는 같은 잉크, 이미징, UV 경화 애플리케이션에서 초기자 사진 및 인쇄 산업에서 코팅 선택을 취소으로 사용할 수 있습니다. Benzophenone 손상 향기에서 자외선 (UV)을 방지 하 고 향수, 비누 등 제품 색상. 2. Benzophenone 포장 폴리머 또는 그 내용을 사진-저하를 막을 UV 차단 로 플라스틱 포장에 추가할 수 있습니다. 그것의 사용에는 명확한 유리 또는 플라스틱 (예: 피트 물 병)에 제품을 포장 하는 제조 업체 수 있습니다. 그것 없이, 불투명 또는 어두운 포장 필요한 것입니다. 3. 생물 학적 응용 프로그램에서 benzophenones 사용 되었습니다 광범위 하 게 파악 하 고 펩타이드-단백질 상호 작용 지도 photophysical 프로브로. 4. Benzophenones 제약 중간체, 화장품 향수 및 살충제로 사용할 수 있습니다.
출처
Benzophenone has been found in various fruits, including Vitis vinifera L., black tea, cherimoya (Annona cherimola), mountain papaya (Carica pubescens), and soursop (Annona muricata L.).
용도
Benzophenone is used as a synthetic intermediate for manufacture of pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It is also used as a photoinitiator in UV-curable printing inks, as a fragrance in perfumes, as a flavor enhancer in foods. Benzophenone can be added as a UV-absorbing agent to plastics, lacquers, and coatings at concentrations of 2–8%.
일반 설명
Benzophenone(119-61-9) appears as white solid with a flowery odor. May float or sink in water. It is a widely used building block in organic chemistry, being the parent diarylketone.
제조 및 합성 방법
생산 방법
Benzophenone is commercially synthesized by the atmospheric oxidation of diphenylmethane using a catalyst of copper naphthenate. Alternatively, it can be produced by a Friedel–Crafts acylation of benzene using either benzoyl chloride or phosgene in the presence of aluminum chloride .