Huagongshe화공사 화학 정보 인쇄 보고서 · 연구 참고용
발프로산
밸프로산 · 발프로산 · 2-프로필펜탄산 · VALPROIC ACID · valproate · VPA · DIVALPROEX · Valproic
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 99-66-1 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | C8H16O2 |
| 평균 분자량 | 144.21 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 144.11502975 g/mol |
| SMILES | CCCC(CCC)C(=O)O |
| InChIKey | NIJJYAXOARWZEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 3121 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL109 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:39867 |
| EC No. | 202-777-3 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID6023733 |
| 현지명 | 발프로산 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| XLogP | 2.8 |
|---|---|
| 극성 표면적 | 37.3 |
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 1 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 2 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 5 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 10 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 93.4 |
| 의약품 | Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15Pharmaceuticals -> NSAIDsPharmaceuticals -> Used in Switzerland |
| 지질 | Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Fatty Acids and Conjugates [FA01] -> Branched fatty acids [FA0102] |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Density |
| LogP(분배 계수) | log Kow = 2.752.57 |
| 냄새 | Characteristic odor |
| 밀도 | 0.922 at 32 °F (NTP, 1992) - Less dense than waterwill float0.904 g/cu cm at 25 °C0.9 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Color/Form | Colorless liquid |
| 용해도 | less than 1 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)In water, 2.0X10+3 mg/L at 20 °CVery soluble in organic solventsFreely soluble in 1N sodium hydroxide, methanol, alcohol, acetone, chloroform, benzene, ether, n-heptaneslightly soluble in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid2 mg/mL at 20 °CH2O: 약간 용해됨 |
| 인화점 | 232 °F (NTP, 1992) |
| Human Drugs | Breast FeedingLactationMilk, HumanAnticonvulsantsAntimanic AgentsGABA AgentsFDA approved drugs -> Active ingredientPharmaceuticals |
| Endocrine Disruptors | Potential endocrine disrupting compound |
| 끓는 점 | 428 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)219.5 °CBP: 219 to 220 °C222 °C220 °C (lit.) |
| 녹는점 | -21.25°C (estimate) |
| 증기압 | 0.01 hPa (20 °C) |
| 굴절률 | n20/D 1.425(lit.) |
| 저장 조건 | Store below +30°C. |
| 물리적 상태 | 액체 |
| pKa(산도 계수) | 4.6(at 25℃) |
| 색상 | 무색~담황색 투명 |
| 폭발한계 | 1%(V) |
| 후각 역치 | 0.0033ppm |
| 용해도 | 약간 용해됨 |
| Merck | 14,9913 |
| BRN | 1750447 |
| BCS Class | 1,2 |
| 주요 응용 | 의약품(소분자) |
| 화장품 원료 기능 | 피부 컨디셔닝 |
| InChI | 1S/C8H16O2/c1-3-5-7(6-4-2)8(9)10/h7H,3-6H2,1-2H3,(H,9,10) |
| InChIKey | NIJJYAXOARWZEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | CCCC(C(O)=O)CCC |
| LogP(분배 계수) | 1.59 at 22.1℃ and pH5 |
| NIST | Valproic Acid(99-66-1) |
| EPA | Valproic acid (99-66-1) |
화학적 성질
Colorless Liquid
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | DangerH302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 126 reports by companies from 17 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral] |
|---|---|
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: Pentanoic acid, 2-propyl-Hazard Traits - Developmental ToxicityCommission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 (Repealed by Com. Implementing Reg. (EU) No 872/2012)Status: Active Update: 11-04-2019 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/143402-Propylvaleric acid: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
| 기타 안전 정보 | Evaluation - Chemicals that are unlikely to require further regulation to manage risks to environment |
| 화재 위험 | This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992) |
| 건강 유해성 | SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include gastrointestinal disturbances, hair loss, psychosis, altered bleeding time, altered liver enzymes and fatal hepatic failure. Other symptoms may include central nervous system depression, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, constipation, anorexia with weight loss, increased appetite with weight gain, tremor, ataxia, headache, nystagmus, diplopia, asterixis, spots before the eyes, dysarthria, dizziness, incoordination, coma, skin rash, erythema multiforme, generalized pruritus, emotional upset, depression, hyperactivity, behavioral deterioration, weakness, thrombocytopenia, petechiae, bruising, hematoma formation, frank hemorrhage, relative lymphocytosis, hypofibrinogenemia, leukopenia, eosinophilia, anemia, bone marrow suppression, irregular menses, secondary amenorrhea and breast enlargement. Changes in exocrine pancreas and sleep disturbances may also occur. It may also cause somnolence. |
| FDA 요건 | The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, including valproic acid, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. |
| 반응성 그룹 | Acids, Carboxylic |
| Special Reports | Kitsiou-Tzeli S, et alActa Paed 83 (6): 672-3 (1994). Cytogenetic studies in children on long term treatment with anticonvulsant therapy.Galas-Zgorzalewicz B, et alNeurol Neurochir Pol 30 (2): 49-54 (1996). Clinical pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine and valproate in children and adolescents with epilepsy.Levin TL, et alPediatr Radiol 27 (2): 192-3 (1997). Valproic acid associated pancreatitis and hepatic toxicity in children with endstage renal disease. |
| Reactivity Profile | VALPROIC ACID is a carboxylic acid. Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them. They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic. Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat. Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt. Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in waterthose with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water. Soluble carboxylic acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions. The pH of solutions of carboxylic acids is therefore less than 7.0. Many insoluble carboxylic acids react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt. Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry. Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in it to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers. Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids. Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides. Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat. Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents. These reactions generate heat. A wide variety of products is possible. Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactionslike other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions. This chemical is incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. It is corrosive. (NTP, 1992). |
| Air and Water Reactions | Insoluble in water. |
| Hazard Classes and Categories | Acute Tox. 4 (100%)Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 4 |
| 소화 | Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992) |
| 응급 처치 | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. |
| 보관 조건 | Store between 15 and 30 °C (59 and 86 °F), in a tight container. /Valproic Acid Capsules USP/Store below 40 °C (104 °F), preferably between 15 and 30 °C (59 and 86 °F), unless otherwise specified by manufacturer. Store in a tight container. Protect from freezing. /Valproic Acid Syrup USP/ |
| 비화재 누출 대응 | SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. |
| 처리 방법 | SRP: Expired or waste pharmaceuticals shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. It is not appropriate to dispose by flushing the pharmaceutical down the toilet or discarding to trash. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992) |
| Treatment | In case of acute oral exposure, administer charcoal as a slurry. Consider gastric lavage after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of the compound if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect the patient’s airway by placement in Trendelenburg position (head down) and on their left side (left lateral decubitus position) or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first. Some experimental and clinical data suggest that early intravenous supplementation with l-carnitine could improve survival in severe VPA-induced hepatotoxicity. Carnitine administration has been shown to speed the decrease of ammonemia in patients with VPA-induced encephalopathy. As it does not appear to be harmful, l-carnitine is commonly recommended in severe VPA poisoning, especially in children (A15080). In case of inhalation, move patient to fresh air, monitor for respiratory distress. If the exposure occurred via eye contact, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water if the exposure occurred via dermal contact. (T36). |
| 상호 작용 | Administration of a single oral 50 mg dose of amitriptyline to 15 normal volunteers (10 males and 5 females) who received valproate (500 mg BID) resulted in a 21% decrease in plasma clearance of amitriptyline and a 34% decrease in the net clearance of nortriptyline. Rare postmarketing reports of concurrent use of valproate and amitriptyline resulting in an increased amitriptyline level have been received. Concurrent use of valproate and amitriptyline has rarely been associated with toxicity. Monitoring of amitriptyline levels should be considered for patients taking valproate concomitantly with amitriptyline. Consideration should be given to lowering the dose of amitriptyline/nortriptyline in the presence of valproate.A clinically significant reduction in serum valproic acid concentration has been reported in patients receiving carbapenem antibiotics (for example, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenemthis is not a complete list) and may result in loss of seizure control. The mechanism of this interaction is not well understood. Serum valproic acid concentrations should be monitored frequently after initiating carbapenem therapy. Alternative antibacterial or anticonvulsant therapy should be considered if serum valproic acid concentrations drop significantly or seizure control deteriorates...Serum levels of carbamazepine (CBZ) decreased 17% while that of carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E) increased by 45% upon co-administration of valproate and CBZ to epileptic patients.A study involving the co-administration of 1200 mg/day of felbamate with valproate to patients with epilepsy (n = 10) revealed an increase in mean valproate peak concentration by 35% (from 86 to 115 mcg/mL) compared to valproate alone. Increasing the felbamate dose to 2400 mg/day increased the mean valproate peak concentration to 133 mcg/mL (another 16% increase). A decrease in valproate dosage may be necessary when felbamate therapy is initiated.For more Interactions (Complete) data for VALPROIC ACID (61 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 건강 영향 | Valproic acid causes hyperammonemia, which can lead to brain damage. Rarely, it can cause blood dyscrasia, impaired liver function, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, and prolonged coagulation times. In about 5% of pregnant users, valproic acid will cross the placenta and cause congenital anomalies. Valproic acid may also cause acute hematological toxicities, especially in children, including rare reports of myelodysplasia and acute leukemia-like syndrome (L1132). May cause a potentially dangerous rash that may develop into Stevens Johnson syndrome, an extremely rare but potentially fatal skin disease. Acute overdoses of VPA can lead to hypo/hyperthermia, tachycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, coma, confusion, somnolence, dizziness, headaches and cerebral edema. Extended use of VPA can cause hepatotoxicity. Allopecia, anorexia, renal failure, tremors and miosis are also associated with chronic toxicity. VPA is a known teratogen (due to folate antagonism). The teratogenicity of VPA is mostly found at genetic and somatic levels, causing teratogenesis involving neural tube defects (NTDs), anencephaly, lumbosacral meningomyelocele, and leg dysfunction due to spina bifida aperta. |
| 생태독성 수치 | EC50Species: Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog, embryo)Conditions: freshwater, renewal, pH 7.0-7.8Concentration: 30500 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 28000-33000 ug/L)Effect: general developmental changes, craniofacial defects, abnormal gut coiling /> or =98% purity/LC50Concentration: 851700 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 818000-882000 ug/L) /> or =98% purity/ |
| 환경 거동 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 47(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.75(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that valproic acid is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of valproic acid is 4.60(4), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. Valproic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 8.5X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2014).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 47(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.75(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that valproic acid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 4.60(4) indicates valproic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2014).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), valproic acid, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 8.5X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase valproic acid is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 17 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 8.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Valproic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
| 유해 작용 | Common Adverse Effects of Valproic Acid |
| 노출 경로 | Inhalation. Rapid absorption from gastrointestinal tract. Although the rate of valproate ion absorption may vary with the formulation administered (liquid, solid, or sprinkle), conditions of use (e.g., fasting or postprandial) and the method of administration (e.g., whether the contents of the capsule are sprinkled on food or the capsule is taken intact), these differences should be of minor clinical importance under the steady state conditions achieved in chronic use in the treatment of epilepsy. Food has a greater influence on the rate of absorption of the Depakote tablet (increases Tmax from 4 to 8 hours) than on the absorption of Depakote sprinkle capsules (increase Tmax from 3.3 to 4.8 hours). Furthermore, studies suggest that total daily systemic bioavailability (extent of absorption) is the primary determinant of seizure control. |
| Milk Concentrations | Valproic acid and its salt, sodium valproate, are excreted into human milk in low concentrations. Milk concentrations up to 15% of the corresponding level in the mother's serum have been measured. In two infants, serum levels of valporate were 1.5% and 6.0% of maternal values.EXPERIMENTAL: Valproate is distributed into breast milk. Concentrations in breast milk have been reported to be 1 to 10% of the total maternal serum concentration. /Valproate/ |
| 독성 요약 | IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Valproic acid is a colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid. Valproic acid is an antiepileptic drug and is used solely or in combination with other anticonvulsants in the treatment of simple (petit mal) and complex absence seizures. Valproic acid may be effective against myoclonic and atonic seizures in young children. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: After oral administration, the drug is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and metabolized in the liver. Fatal hepatic failure has been reported in patients on valproic acid therapy, especially those on chronic use. Pancreatitis has also been reported in patients receiving normal therapeutic dosage. Reports showed that acute toxicity is rare, and usually follows a benign course. The most commonly reported adverse effects are anorexia, nausea and vomiting. Central nervous system effects include drowsiness, possibly apathy and withdrawal, confusion, restlessness, hyperactivity. Less frequently, seizures and coma may occur. Sedative effects are more pronounced when drug is used together with other anti-epileptic agents. Hematopoietic system effects include thrombocytopenia, abnormal bleeding time and partial thromboplastin time with decreased fibrinogen levels and prolonged prothrombin time leading to bruising, petechiae, hematoma, and epistaxis. The drug can induce pruritic macular rashes and transient alopecia. Altered thyroid functions was described. Death is rare but if it occurs it results from cardiopulmonary arrest secondary to hepatic failure. Safe use of valproic acid during pregnancy has not been established. Although several reports suggest an association between the use of valproic acid in pregnant epileptic women and an increased incidence of birth defects (particularly neural tube defects) in children born to these women, a causal relationship remains to be established. The drug crosses the placental barrier and has been found in breast milk. The mechanism of action of valproic acid is unknown. Effects of the drug may be related, at least in part, to increased brain concentrations of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. ANIMAL STUDIES: Animal studies have shown that valproic acid inhibits GABA transferase and succinic aldehyde dehydrogenase, enzymes which are important for GABA catabolism. Results of one study indicate the drug inhibits neuronal activity by increasing potassium conductance. In animals, valproic acid protects against seizure induced by electrical stimulation, as well as those induced by pentylenetetrazol. In 2 year rat and chronic mouse studies, an increased incidence of subcutaneous fibrosarcoma occurred in male rats at the higher dosage level and a dose related trend for an increased incidence of benign pulmonary adenomas was observed in male mice. The importance of these findings to humans is not known. Adverse fetal effects have been observed in reproduction studies in rats and mice. Studies have not shown any evidence of mutagenic potential for the drug.Acute VPA toxicity can lead to central nervous system (CNS) depression, metabolic acidosis, hypernatremia, hypoglycemia, hyperammonemia, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, or multiorgan failure.Valproic Acid binds to and inhibits GABA transaminase. This leads to increased brain concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. Acute poisoning by VPA can lead to severe CNS depression including coma, confusion, somnolence, dizziness or hallucinations. Hypotension, respiratory depression and hypo/hyperthermia are also common. VPA is also hepatotoxic, which is likely due to its mitochondrial toxicity. VPA appears to exert its mitochondrial toxicity by impairing mitochondrial functions leading to oxidative stress and cytochrome c expulsion, which leads to apoptosis (A15078). VPA is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its teratogenicity. VPA is a known folate antagonist, which can cause neural tube defects in developing fetuses. Thus, folic acid supplements in pregnant women may alleviate teratogenic problems associated with VPA use. VPA and its metabolites inhibit the biosynthesis of carnitine by decreasing the concentration of alpha-ketoglutarate (through direct inhibition of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) and may contribute to carnitine deficiency. It is postulated that carnitine supplementation may increase the beta-oxidation of VPA, thereby limiting cytosolic omega-oxidation and the production of toxic metabolites that are involved in liver toxicity and ammonia accumulation. VPA-induced hepatotoxicity and hyperammonemic encephalopathy may be promoted either by a pre-existing carnitine deficiency or by deficiency induced by VPA per se. VPA has been shown to downregulate levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), histone deacetylase (HDAC) and folate. It has also been shown to upregulate H2O2 and homocysteine. Elevated levels of H2O2 negatively affect the NADPH reducing system for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) (A15079). |
| Signs and Symptoms | Acute toxicity symptoms include hypo/hyperthermia, tachycardia, hepatic toxicity, hypotension, respiratory depression, coma, confusion, somnolence, dizziness, headaches and cerebral edema. Allopecia, anorexia, liver toxicity, renal failure, tremors and miosis are also associated with chronic toxicity. |
| Ongoing Test Status | The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from, as of November 12, 2014: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=99-66-1]EPA has released the first beta version (version 0.5) of the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The beta version of the iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assaysClick on the "Chemical Explorer" button on the tool bar to see the data./[USEPAICSS Dashboard ApplicationAvailable from, as of June 27, 2014: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/] |
| Effluent Concentrations | Valproic acid has a predicted environmental concentration of 4.92 ng/L in wastewater effluent as a result of a nationwide survey conducted in Spain in 2009. Its occurrence in the aquatic environment was estimated at 229.80 kg/yr(1). |
| 수질 위해 등급(WGK) | 3 |
| RTECS 번호 | YV7875000 |
| 운송 번호(UN) | UN 1230 3/PG 2 |
| 독성 | LD50 orally in rats: 670 mg/kg (Jenner) |
| 관세 코드 | 29159080 |
| 위험 문구(R) | 22-36/37/38-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11-34-61 |
| 위험 표시 | Xn,T,F |
| 안전 문구(S) | 26-45-36/37-16-7-36/37/39-53 |
| 포장분류 | III |
| 위험 등급 | 8Acute Tox. 4 OralEye Dam. 1Repr. 1ASkin Irrit. 2 |
| 기존화학 물질 | KE-29866 |
| 저장 분류 | 6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects |
| 유해 물질 데이터 | 99-66-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
용도
개요
Valproic acid and its salts are a new group of antiepileptic drugs that differs from the known drugs both structurally and in terms of its mechanism of action. It is believed that it acts on the metabolism of the GABA system. Valproic acid has been shown to elevate the level of GABA in the brain by means of competitive inhibition of GABA transaminase and the dehydrogenase of succinic semialdehyde. This drug not only exhibits anticonvulsant action, but also betters the mental condition of the patient.
용도
2-Propylpentanoic acid has been used as a supplement in mouse embryonic fibroblast - conditioned medium (MEF-CM)to feed the cells.
일반 설명
Clear colorless liquid.