Isoamyl Acetate

Cosmetic ingredients (Isoamyl Acetate) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Solvent

log Kow = 2.25

2.25

2.13

2.55

Pear-like odor

Fruity, banana, sweet, fragrant, powerful odor

At room temperature, the low molecular- weight ester isoamyl acetate (IAA)... is a liquid with an intense, but pleasant banana-like odor.

Sweet fruity smell

Bittersweet taste reminiscent of pear ... Taste characteristics at 30 ppm: sweet fruity, banana-like with a green ripe nuance.

Slight apple taste

0.876 at 59 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.876 at 15 °C/4 °C

DENSITY OF SATURATED AIR 1.03 (AIR= 1)

Relative density (water = 1): 0.87

0.868-0.878

0.876 at 59 °F

Warning

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 2937) of reports.

Warning

H226 (> 99.9%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

Chemical: 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate

Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 (amended)

1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, 1-acetate is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, 1-acetate are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 04-10-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13689

1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate: HSNO Approval: HSR001171 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

FLAMMABLE. Flashback along vapor trail may occur. Vapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed area. When heated emits acrid fumes. When exposed to flames can react vigorously with reducing materials. (USCG, 1999)

Flammable. Above 25 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Highly flammable liquid when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with reducing materials. Moderately explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame.

Flammable liquid

Esters may induce narcosis in animal experiments, but workers' exposures are limited by irritating effects. See appendix in: [Dick RB, et al. Chemicals in the workplace: incorporating human neurobehavioral testing into the regulatory process. Am J Ind Med. 1998 May;33(5):439-53.] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; Inhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression; [ICSC] The pentyl acetates are sensory irritants in the work environment. At higher levels in animal experiments, they cause narcosis, hepatotoxicity, and developmental toxicity. [ACGIH]

Isoamyl acetate is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and b) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

Extinguish with dry chemical, alcohol foam, or carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective on fire. Cool exposed containers with water. (USCG, 1999)

Use alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

(General first aid procedures)

...use alcohol foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

/When fighting fire wear/ self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure- demand or other positive pressure mode.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical. /Amyl acetate/

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for ISOAMYL ACETATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

Close tightly, and store in detached warehouse under full fire prevention control.

Prevent leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided... Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas.

1) Remove all ignition sources. 2) Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3) For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in safe place (such as fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear hood ductwork. Burn paper in suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be collected & atomized in suitable combustion chamber. Isoamyl acetate should not be allowed to enter confined space, such as sewer, because of possibility of explosion.

Environmental consideration - Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, sawdust, or commerical sorbents. Apply fluorocarbon-water foam to diminish vapor and fire hazard. /Amyl acetate/

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for ISOAMYL ACETATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Keep people away. Shut off ignition sources. Stop discharge if possible. Avoid contact with liquid and vapor. Stay upwind and use water spray to "knock down" vapor. Isolate and remove discharged material. Notify local health and pollution control agencies. (USCG, 1999)

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Amyl acetate is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. /Amyl acetate/

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition. -No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge...

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concn to the permissible exposure level. However, there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure. Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. ... In addition to respirator selection, a complete respiratory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training, maintenance, inspection, cleaning, and evaluation.

Any clothing which becomes wet with liquid isoamyl acetate should be removed immediately and not reworn until the isoamyl acetate is removed from the clothing. Clothing wet with liquid isoamyl acetate should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of isoamyl acetate from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the isoamyl acetate, the person performing the operation should be informed of isoamyl acetate's hazardous properties.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ISOAMYL ACETATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 130(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.25(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that isoamyl acetate is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of isoamyl acetate from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 5.87x10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Isoamyl acetate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 5.6 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2015). Structurally similar butyl acetate present at 100 mg/L, reached 86% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum in the Japanese MITI test(6) suggesting that biodegradation of isoamyl acetate may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 130(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.25(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that isoamyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 5.87 atm-cu m/mole(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hours and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 14(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2015). Structurally similar butyl acetate present at 100 mg/L, reached 86% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum in the Japanese MITI test(7)suggesting that biodegradation of isoamyl acetate may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), isoamyl acetate, which has a vapor pressure of 5.6 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase isoamyl acetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.0x10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Isoamyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Isoamyl acetate was identified, not quantified, in nectarines(1), bananas(2), kiwi fruit(3), pork volatiles(4,5) and cheese products from the French Alps(6). Isoamyl acetate has been identified, not quantified, in whiskey(7), beer(8,11) and cognac(9,11). US lager beers have reported ester concentrations, such as isoamyl acetate, ranging from 25-50 ppm(10). Isoamyl acetate has been reported in apple, apricot, banana, currants, guava, grape, berries, melon, papaya, peach, pear, pineapple, sauerkraut, tomato, ginger, vinegar, wheat and rye bread, cured pork, grape wines, rum, whiskies, cider, sherry, cocoa, tea, soybeans, olive, passion fruit, plum, plumcot, beans, mushroom, starfruit, mango, quince, litchi, shoyu (fermented soy hydrolysate), sake, malt, elderberry juice, cherimoya, mountain papaya, nectarine, naranjilla fruit and Roman chamomile oil(11).

Isoamyl acetate was identified in the skin and pulp of Queen Anne's Pocket Melon (Cucumis melo var. dudaim (L.) Naudin) at concentrations of 280.7 and 334.9 ug/kg, respectively(1). Isoamyl acetate was identified in 2 of 3 commercial fermented soybean (Glycine max) curds prepared in Taiwan and Hong Kong at concentrations of 541.0 and 9027.4 ug/kg, respectively(2).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: At room temperature, the low molecular-weight ester isoamyl acetate (IAA) is a clear liquid with an intense sweet, but pleasant, banana or pear-like odor. In alcohol solutions, mineral waters and syrups it is used as a pear flavor. It is also used as solvent for old oil colors, for tannins, nitrocellulose, lacquers, celluloid and camphor; swelling bath sponges; covering unpleasant odors, perfuming shoe polish; manufacturing artificial silk, leather, or pearls, photographic films, celluloid cements, waterproof varnishes, bronzing liquids, and metallic paints; dying and finishing textiles. Honey bees use IAA as an alarm pheromone, and store IAA in their poison sting. Due to its strong smell, which can be perceived at low concentrations, and because of supposedly low toxicity, IAA is used to test the effectiveness of respirators or gas masks. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There is a case of a patient who developed a severe reversible extrapyramidal syndrome after inhalation of IAA. IAA vapor is known to irritate eyes, skin and respiratory tract, and to cause mild unspecific central nervous system symptoms. No evidence of delayed contact hypersensitivity, phototoxicity, or photoallergy due to amyl acetate or IAA was observed in human repeat insult patch test studies. It is concluded that amyl acetate and isoamyl acetate are safe as presently used in cosmetic products. ANIMAL STUDIES: Several drops of liquid amyl acetate squirted on eyes of rabbits & washed off with water 2 min later caused temporary corneal epithelial injury, but recovery was complete in a day or two. Isoamyl acetate given to dogs at 5000 ppm (27 mg/L) for 1 hr caused nasal irritation & drowsiness. Irritation, weakness, and loss of weight was observed in cats exposed to a concentration of 1900 ppm (10 mg/L) for 8 hours for 6 days; 4000 ppm (21 mg/L) for 20 min irritated the eyes and nose; and light CNS depression & delayed death were observed in cats exposed to 7200 ppm (38 mg/L) for 24 hr. IAA is not genotoxic, it tested non-mutagenic in a series of mutagenic assays.

Sore throat. Cough. Headache. Weakness. Drowsiness.

Dry skin.

Redness. Pain.

Sore throat. Nausea. Abdominal pain. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; dermatitis; In Animals: narcosis

EPA has released the first beta version (version 0.5) of the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The beta version of the iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays; Click on the "Chemical Explorer" button on the tool bar to see the data./[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of April 22, 2015: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

Initial Medical Screening: Employees should be screened for history of /chronic respiratory, skin, kidney, or liver diseases/ which might place the employee at increased risk from isoamyl acetate exposure. Periodic Medical Examination: Any employee developing the above-listed conditions should be referred for further medical examination.

The Koc of isoamyl acetate is estimated as 130(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.25(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that isoamyl is expected to have high mobility in soil.

Isoamyl acetate is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and b) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date: 1/26/94; Reporting date: 3/28/94.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Isoamyl acetate is included on this list. Effective date: 1/26/94; Sunset date: 6/30/98.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Isoamyl acetate is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b).

Isoamyl acetate is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

CIR ingredient: Isoamyl Acetate

Used as an additive to aerosols and cosmetics and to fit-test respirators; [ACGIH]

In alcohol solutions as a pear flavor in mineral waters and syrups; as solvent for old oil colors, for tannins, nitrocellulose, lacquers, celluloid and camphor; swelling bath sponges; covering unpleasant odors, perfuming shoe polish; manufacturing artificial silk, leather, or pearls, photographic films, celluloid cements, waterproof varnishes, bronzing liquids, and metallic paints; dying and finishing textiles. A special grade of the amyl acetate has been used for burning in the Hefner lamp serving as a photometric standard.

Industrial uses of amyl acetate include the following: ... as a warning odor; in the manufacture of ... artificial glass, and straw hats.

Flavoring, perfumes, solvent for nitrocellulose, masking undesirable odors.

In the manufacture of acetic acid by direct oxidation of a petroleum-based feedstock, solvent extraction has been used to separate acetic acid from the aqueous reaction liquor containing significant quantities of formic and propionic acids. Isoamyl acetate is used as solvent to extract nearly all the acetic acid, and some water, from the aqueous feed. The extract is then dehydrated by azeotropic distillation using isoamyl acetate as water entrainer.

(1972) NEGLIGIBLE

(1975) NEGLIGIBLE

2023: 8,500,000 - <10,000,000 lb

(1972) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS

(1975) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS

(1984) 5.08X10+7 GRAMS

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, 1-acetate. Aggregated National Production Volume: < 500,000 pounds.

Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, 1-acetate. National Production Volume: 100,000 - 500,000 lb/yr.

Usually prepared by esterification of commercial isoamyl alcohol with acetic acid.

Rectification of commercial amyl acetate.

Fragrance Ingredients

Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENTFood Additives -> CARRIER_SOLVENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENTFood Additives -> CARRIER_SOLVENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Cosmetics -> Solvent

Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing

1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, 1-acetate: ACTIVE

The technical product is also known as pear oil or banana oil.

In commercial practice, amyl invariably means isoamyl.