과산화 요소

0.8 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8 @ 20°C

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

500

167 to 185 °F (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)

75-85

Urea hydrogen peroxide appears as a solid or paste-like semisolid. Used to make plastics.

White solid; [Merck Index] Solid or paste-like semisolid; [CAMEO] Odorless; [CHRIS] White tablet; [Sigma-Aldrich MSDS]

Danger

H272 (94.9%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]；H314 (83.1%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]；H315 (16.9%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]；H318 (18.6%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P220, P260, P264, P264+P265, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 59 reports by companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.；Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Chemical: Urea, compound with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (1:1)

Status: Active Update: 25-05-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/25157

Urea, compd. with hydrogen peroxide (1:1): HSNO Approval: HSR001360 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating ammonia gas may be formed in fire.；Behavior in Fire: Melts and decomposes, giving off oxygen and ammonia. Increases severity of fire. Containers may explode. (USCG, 1999)

CAUTION: Ammonium nitrate products may explode if involved in fire or contaminated with hydrocarbons (fuels), organic matter, other contaminants or when hot molten and contained. Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).；· These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire.；· Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire.；· May explode from heat or contamination.；· Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels).；· May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).；· Containers may explode when heated.；· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

Inhalation of dust causes irritation of nose from hydrogen peroxide formed when heated. Contact with eyes causes severe damage. Contact with moist skin causes temporary itching or burning sensation. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. (USCG, 1999)

· Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.；· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.；· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

Decomposed by air into urea, oxygen, and water; [Merck Index] A strong oxidizer that may combust on heating or on contact with organic substances; [CAMEO] Forms hydrogen peroxide solution on contact with water; An irritant that may cause severe eye injury; [CHRIS] Serious explosion hazard from shock or heat; An irritant that may cause corneal damage and skin blistering; [NTP] An oxidizer that may intensify fire; Causes burns; Inhalation may cause corrosive injuries to upper respiratory tract and lungs; [Sigma-Aldrich MSDS] See Hydrogen peroxide.

UREA HYDROGEN PEROXIDE is an oxidizing agent. Liable to spontaneous combustion when heated or in contact with organic materials. The contents of a screw-capped brown glass bottle spontaneously erupted after four years storage at ambient temperature. [MCA Case History No. 719]. Combustion may release Irritating ammonia gas.

Urea hydrogen peroxide

UN1511

Div 5.1 Oxidizer (49 eCFR § 173.127)

Div 5.1 Oxidizer (49 eCFR § 173.127)；Class 8 Corrosive material (49 eCFR § 173.136)

PG III: the degree of danger presented by the material is minor；For more information about the packing group assignment, please visit 49 eCFR § 173

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:；SMALL FIRE: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.；LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.；FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (ERG Guide 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided. Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.；· Keep unauthorized personnel away.；· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.；· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.；· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.；· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.；· Do not get water inside containers.；Small Dry Spill；· With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.；Small Liquid Spill；· Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.；Large Spill；· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.；SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.；INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.；INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:；· Call 911 or emergency medical service.；· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.；· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.；· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.；· If victim is not breathing:；-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.；-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).；-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.；· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.；· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.；· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.；· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.；· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.；· Keep victim calm and warm.；· Keep victim under observation.；· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.；· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.；Specific First Aid:；· Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).；· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.；· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:；Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside containers.；SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.；SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.；LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:；IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.；LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).；FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure；· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.；Large Spill；· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).；Fire；· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.；· If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

1.2 [mg/m3]

13 [mg/m3]

79 [mg/m3]

Small Fire；· Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.；Large Fire；· Flood fire area with water from a distance.；· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.；· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.；Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks；· For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided.；· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.；· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.；· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.；· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

◉ Summary of Use during Lactation；Carbamide (urea) peroxide has not been studied during breastfeeding. It is unlikely that carbamide peroxide found in ear drops or teeth whiteners is absorbed into the bloodstream. However, if any carbamide peroxide were absorbed, it would be broken down to urea and hydrogen peroxide, both of which are found normally in human milk. If carbamide peroxide is used by the mother according to directions, it is not a reason to discontinue breastfeeding and no special precautions are required.；◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants；Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.；◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk；Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

Chemical: Urea, compound with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (1:1)

Status: Active Update: 25-05-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/25157

Urea, compd. with hydrogen peroxide (1:1): HSNO Approval: HSR001360 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Carbamide peroxide releases hydrogen peroxide and free radicals upon contact with water or outer surfaces of ear and tooth. Hydrogen peroxide exerts cerumenolytic, enamel-bleaching and antiseptic actions. _In vitro_, the chemical stability of ceramics against bleaching agents was observed after treatment with 15% carbamide peroxide for 56 h, 16% carbamide peroxide for 126 h, 10% or 15% carbamide peroxide and 38% hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes or 45 minutes, respectively. According to _in vitro_ studies, high (37%) or low (10 or 16%) concentrated carbamide peroxide agents were similarly effective as oral bleaching agents. Treatment with carbamide peroxide may lead to demineralization which involves decreased mineral content of enamel calcium, phosphate, and fluoride, and alteration of the chemical, structural, and mechanical properties. Carbamide peroxide may affect the organic components of the enamel and lead to increased susceptibility to erosion, fracture stability or decreased abrasion resistance of the treated area.

Carbamide peroxide release hydrogen peroxide upon contact with teeth, which is a strong oxidizing and bleaching agent. It also release free radicals such as H+ or H3O+. Hydrogen peroxide also acts as an antiseptic, especially in sites with relative anaerobiosis. Following otic administration, carbamide peroxide complex releases hydrogen peroxide that breaks up the hardened wax. The hydrogen peroxide component, which further breaks down into water, is also a cerumenolytic that hydrates the desquamated sheets of corneocytes, which are the major constituent of cerumen plugs. The glycerol and urea facilitates softening of the cerumen, either with or without syringing. Both hydrogen peroxide and urea mildly induce keratolysis with disintegration of the ear wax to help reduce the keratin-load in the ear debris and allow other active components to reach the skin under the debris.

Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.

Chemicals that are used to oxidize pigments in TEETH and thus effect whitening.

Upon treatment into the external auditory canal or the dental cavity, exposure to carbamide peroxide is limited to the intimate contact with the treated area without any systemic absorption.

No established pharmacokinetic data.

No established pharmacokinetic data.

No established pharmacokinetic data.

Used as an antiseptic, cerumenolytic, and dental bleach; [Merck Index] Used to make plastics; [CAMEO] Used for hair bleaching, oxidation of permanent waves, and hair relaxing; [ExPub: EC: SCCP] Used to develop blueprints and for the modification of starches; [NTP]

Using Disinfectants or Biocides [Category: Clean]；Dressing Hair [Category: Other]