티오설페이트 납

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO) (slaked lime), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Adjust pH to neutral (pH= 7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be contained with a flexible impermeable membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner so that results in no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose of, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance procedures to confirm the efficacy of the cleaning procedures should be implemented prior to the decontaminated protective clothing being returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing (including shoes/socks) should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc. /Lead/

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed or replaced. /Lead/

Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. /Lead/

0.05 [mg/m3], as Pb

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.05 mg/cu m. /Lead and inorganic compounds, as Pb/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed three times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 min during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed five times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Lead and inorganic compounds, as Pb/

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. /Lead and inorganic compounds, as Pb/

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: lead in blood; Sampling Time: not critical; BEI: 30 ug/100 mL. [Note: Women of child bearing potential, whose blood Pb exceeds 10 ug/dL, are at risk of delivering a child with a blood Pb over the current Centers for Disease Control guideline of 10 ug/dL. If the blood Pb of such children remains elevated, they may be at increased risk of cognitive deficits. The blood Pb of these children should be closely monitored and appropriate steps should be taken to minimize the child's exposure to environmental lead.] /Lead, and inorganic compounds, as Pb/

Rubber gloves, safety glasses, respirator. (USCG, 1999)

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /Lead/

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. /Lead/

Respirator Recommendations: Up to 0.5 mg/cu m. /Lead/ [Table#1831]

Respirator Recommendations: Up to 1.25 mg/cu m. /Lead/ [Table#1832]

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for LEAD THIOSULFATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Residual lead levels. The /U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's/ maximum environmentally acceptable level of lead in shot is trace amounts or <1 percent. Any shot manufactured with lead levels equal to or exceeding 1 percent are considered toxic and, therefore, illegal.

In this part 1303, the Consumer Product Safety Commission declares that paint and similar surface-coating materials for consumer use that contain lead or lead compounds and in which the lead content (calculated as lead metal) is in excess of 0.06 percent (0.06 percent is reduced to 0.009 percent effective August 14, 2009 as mandated by Congress in section 101(f) of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, Pub. L. 110-314) of the weight of the total nonvolatile content of the paint or the weight of the dried paint film (which paint and similar surface-coating materials are referred to hereafter as "lead-containing paint") are banned hazardous products under sections 8 and 9 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA), 15 U.S.C. 2057, 2058. The following consumer products are also declared to be banned hazardous products: (1) Toys and other articles intended for use by children that bear "lead-containing paint". (2) Furniture articles for consumer use that bear "lead-containing paint".

Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of Residential Property: This subpart implements the provisions of 42 U.S.C. 4852d, which impose certain requirements on the sale or lease of target housing. Under this subpart, a seller or lessor of target housing shall disclose to the purchaser or lessee the presence of any known lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards; provide available records and reports; provide the purchaser or lessee with a lead hazard information pamphlet; give purchasers a 10-day opportunity to conduct a risk assessment or inspection; and attach specific disclosure and warning language to the sales or leasing contract before the purchaser or lessee is obligated under a contract to purchase or lease target housing.

Establishes standards for lead-based paint hazards in most pre-1978 housing and child-occupied facilities. This regulation supports the implementation of regulations already promulgated, and others under development, which deal with worker training and certification, lead hazard disclosure in real estate transactions, requirements for lead cleanup under State authorities, lead hazard evaluation and control in Federally-owned housing prior to sale and housing receiving Federal assistance, and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) grants to local jurisdictions to perform lead hazard control. Establishes, under authority of TSCA section 402, residential lead dust cleanup levels and amendments to dust and soil sampling requirements.

For more Other Standards Regulations and Guidelines (Complete) data for LEAD THIOSULFATE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

100.0 [mg/m3], as Pb

100 mg/cu m /Lead/

Lead is a neurotoxin and has been known to cause brain damage and reduced cognitive capacity, especially in children. Lead exposure can result in nephropathy, as well as blood disorders such as high blood pressure and anemia. Lead also exhibits reproductive toxicity and can results in miscarriages and reduced sperm production. (L21)

Lead mimics other biologically important metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, competing as cofactors for many of their respective enzymatic reactions. For example, lead has been shown to competitively inhibit calcium's binding of calmodulin, interferring with neurotransmitter release. It exhibits similar competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor and protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Lead also affects the nervous system by impairing regulation of dopamine synthesis and blocking evoked release of acetylcholine. However, it's main mechanism of action occurs by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, an enzyme vital in the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (T4, A20, A22, L136)

Symptions of chronic lead poisoning include reduced cognitive abilities, nausea, abdominal pain, irritability, insomnia, metal taste in the mouth, excess lethargy or hyperactivity, chest pain, headache and, in extreme cases, seizures, comas, and death. There are also associated gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, poor appetite, weight loss, which are common in acute poisoning. (A2, L21)

Extent of occurrence of /lead/ in earth's crust is about 15 g/ton, also expressed as 0.002% (depth of crust: 16 km). Occurs chiefly as sulfide in galena, other minerals include anglesite (PbSO4), cerussite (PbCO3), mimetite (PbCl2.3Pb3-(AsO4)2) and pyromorphite [PbCl2.3Pb3(PO4)2)].

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. /Lead and inorganic compounds, as Pb/

Lead, lead compounds: Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen

Treatment. Emergency and supportive measures. Treat seizures and coma if they occur. Provide adequate fluids to maintain urine flow but avoid overhydration, which may aggravate cerebral edema. Avoid phenothiazines for delirium , as they may lower the seizure threshold. Patients with increased intracranial pressure may benefit from corticosteroids and mannitol. /Lead/

Specific drugs and antidotes. Treatment with chelating agents decreases blood lead concentrations and increases urinary lead excretion. Although chelation has been associated with improvement in symptoms and decreased mortality, controlled clinical trials demonstrating efficacy are lacking, and treatment recommendations have been largely empiric. Encephalopathy. Administer intravenous calcium EDTA. Some clinicians initiate treatment with a single dose of BAL, followed 4 hours later by concomitant administration of calcium EDTA and BAL. Symptomatic without encephalopathy. Administer oral succimer or parenteral calcium EDTA. Calcium EDTA is preferred as initial treatment if the patient has severe GI toxicity or if the blood lead concentration is extremely elevated. Unithiol may be considered as an alternative to DMSA. Asymptomatic children with elevated blood lead levels. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend treatment of children with levels of 45 mcg/dL or higher. Use oral succimer. A large randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of DMSA in children with blood lead concentrations between 25 and 44 mcg/dL found no evidence of clinical benefit. Asymptomatic adults. The usual treatment is removal from exposure and observation. Consider oral succimer for patients with markedly elevated levels. Although D-penicillamine is an alternative oral treatment, it may be associated with more side effects and less efficient lead diuresis. Blood lead monitoring during chelation. Obtain a blood lead measurement immediately prior to chelation and recheck the measurement within 24-48 hours after starting chelation to confirm that levels are declining. Recheck measurements 1 and 7 to 21 days after chelation to assess the extent of rebound in blood level associated with redistribution of lead from high bone stores and/or the possibility of reexposure. Additional courses of treatment and further investigation of exposure sources may be warranted. /Lead/

Decontamination. Acute ingestion. Because even small items (eg. a paint chip or a sip of lead-containing glaze) may contain tens to hundreds of milligrams of lead, gut decontamination is indicated after acute ingestion of virtually any lead-containing substance. Administer activated charcoal (although efficacy is unknown). If lead-containing material is still visible on abdominal x-ray after initial treatment, consider whole-bowel irrigation. Consider endoscopic or surgical removal of lead foreign bodies that exhibit prolonged GI retention. Lead-containing buckshot, shrapnel, or bullets in or adjacent to synovial spaces or fluid-filled spaces such as a paravertebral pseudocyst or a subscapular bursa should be surgically removed if possible, particularly if associated with evidence of systematic lead absorption. Enhanced elimination. There is no role for dialysis, hemoperfusion, or repeat-dose charcoal. However, anuric patients with chronic renal failure, limited study suggests that calcium EDTA combined with hemofiltration may increase lead clearance. Other required measures. Remove the patient from the source of exposure and institute control measures to prevent repeated intoxication. Other possibly exposed persons (eg, coworkers or siblings or playmates if young children) should be evaluated promptly. Infants and children. The CDC has recommended universal blood lead screening of children at 12 and 24 months of age in communities where > 27% of dwellings were constructed prior to 1950. For other communities, screening targeted to children from families with low income or other selected risk factors is recommended. General management guidelines are based on the results of the blood lead test: 10-14 mcg/dL: repeat screening; educate parents about risk factors. 15-19 mcg/dL: repeat screening; and if elevated, refer for public health case management to investigate and abate sources. 20-44 mcg/dL: perform complete medical evaluation; refer for case management. 45-69 mcg/dL: perform complete medical evaluation; chelate with oral succimer; refer for case management. 70 mcg/dL or higher: hospitalize child for immediate chelation; refer for case management. Adults with occupational exposure. Federal OSHA standards for workers exposed to lead provide specific guidelines for periodic blood lead monitoring and medical surveillance. Under the general industry standard, workers must be removed from exposure if a single blood lead level exceeds 60 mcg/dL or if the average of three successive levels exceeds 50 mcg/dL. In construction workers, removal is required if a single blood lead level exceeds 50 mcg/dL. Workers may not return to work until the blood lead level is below 40 mcg/dL and any clinical manifestations of toxicity have resolved. Prophylactic chelation is prohibited. OSHA standards mandate that workers removed from work because of elevated blood lead levels retain full pay and benefits. Medical removal parameters in the OSHA standards summarized above were established in the late 1970s and are outdated based on current background blood levels and recent concern about the hazards of lower-level exposure. The standards explicitly empower physicians to order medical removal at lower blood lead levels. It may now be prudent and feasible for employers to maintain workers' blood lead levels below 20 mcg/dL and possibly below 10 mcg/dL. In 2005, the Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics approved "Medical Management Guidelines for Lead-Exposed Adults" that call for worker protection more stringent than current OSHA standards. /Lead/

Tolerable intake of lead for preschool children should be less than the 3 mg/wk recommended provisionally for adults. ... /Inorganic lead/

0.007 mg/kg (WHO) /Lead; from table/

D008; A solid waste containing lead may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Lead/

The Environmental Protection Agency is ... /promulgated/ regulations concerning ground-water monitoring with regard to screening suspected contamination at land based hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. ... /There are/ new requirements to analyze for a specified core list of chemicals plus those chemicals specified by the Regional Administrator on a site-specific basis. ... /Total lead (all species) is included on this list./ /Total lead (all species)/

National primary and secondary ambient air quality standards for lead and its compounds, measured as elemental lead by a reference method based on appendix G to this part, or by an equivalent method, are: 1.5 micrograms per cubic meter, maximum arithmetic mean averaged over a calendar quarter. /Lead and its compounds, as Pb/

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Lead compounds are included on this list. /Lead compounds/

(AZ) ARIZONA 20 ug/L /Lead/

(ME) MAINE 10 ug/L /Lead/