Diisooctyl phthalate

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Water or foam may cause frothing

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Phthalate esters are endocrine disruptors. Animal studies have shown that they disrupt reproductive development and can cause a number of malformations in affected young, such as reduced anogenital distance (AGD), cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and reduced fertility. The combination of effects associated with phthalates is called 'phthalate syndrome’. (A2883)

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae); Conditions: freshwater, static, 22-24 °C, pH 7.6-7.9, hardness 25-50 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 25-50 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: >130 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: decreased population abundance /> or =95% purity/

EC50; Species: Americamysis bahia (Opossum shrimp, age < or =24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.6-7.9, hardness 25-50 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 25-50 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: >550 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: mortality /> or =95% purity/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age < or =24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.6-7.9, hardness 25-50 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 25-50 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: >160 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization /> or =95% purity/

LC50; Species: Cyprinodon variegatus (Sheepshead minnow, juvenile, length 6-17 mm); Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.6-7.9, hardness 25-50 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 25-50 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: >480 ug/L for 96 hr /> or =95% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for DIISOOCTYL PHTHALATE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.6X10+4(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 0.09 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that diisooctyl phthalate is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of diisooctyl phthalate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 5.5X10-6 mm Hg(2), and water solubility(2). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Diisooctyl phthalate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2). Diisooctyl phthalate is expected to biodegrade in soils based upon screening studies conducted with microbial cultures isolated from sewage and sludge with degradation ranges from 75 to 99%(4-6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.6X10+4(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 0.09 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that diisooctyl phthalate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 5.5X10-6 mm Hg(2), and water solubility(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.5 and 25 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 4.3 years if adsorption is considered(4). According to a classification scheme(5), a measured BCF of 207 in Mosquito fish(6) suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms high(SRC). However, bioconcentration studies on compounds which are structurally similar suggest that bioconcentration may be lower than that indicated by the regression-derived equations due to the ability of aquatic organisms to readily metabolize this class of compounds(6). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process(SRC) based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 3.4 years and 130 days at pHs 7 and 8, respectively(7). Diisooctyl phthalate incubated for 28 days in fresh water/sediment degraded 2, <1-10, and 4% at 12, 22, and 28 °C, respectively(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), diisooctyl phthalate, which has a vapor pressure of 5.5X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diisooctyl phthalate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 19 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase diisooctyl phthalate may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Diisooctyl phthalate does contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Phthalate esters are endocrine disruptors. They decrease foetal testis testosterone production and reduce the expression of steroidogenic genes by decreasing mRNA expression. Some phthalates have also been shown to reduce the expression of insulin-like peptide 3 (insl3), an important hormone secreted by the Leydig cell necessary for development of the gubernacular ligament. Animal studies have shown that these effects disrupt reproductive development and can cause a number of malformations in affected young. (A2883)

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Chronic toxicity studies were performed with commercial phthalate esters and Daphnia magna (14 phthalates) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (6 phthalates). ...For the higher-molecular-weight phthalate esters - dihexyl phthalate (DHP), butyl 2-ethylhexyl phthalate (BOP), di-(n-hexyl, n-octyl, n-decyl) phthalate (610P), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di-(heptyl, nonyl, undecyl) phthalate (711P), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), diundecyl phthalate (DUP), and ditridecyl phthalate (DTDP)-the GM-MATC values ranged from 0.042 to 0.15 mg/L. Survival was equally sensitive and sometimes more sensitive than reproduction. The observed toxicity to daphnids with most of the higher-molecular-weight phthalate esters appeared to be due to surface entrapment or a mode of toxicity that is not due to exposure to dissolved aqueous-phase chemical. ...

Diisooctyl phthalate was found in aquatic organisms June to Sept 1999 from False Harbor, Vancouver, British Columbia; green algae (Enteromorpha intestinalis) 3.85 ng/g lipid and brown algae (Nereocysitis luetkeana, Fucus gardneri) 3.19 ng/g lipid(1).

Effluent from a municipal waste incinerator in West Germany contained diisooctyl phthalate at a concn of 11.23 ug/cu m(1) and effluent from a hazardous waste incinerator contained concns of 371.93-454.41 ng/cu m(2). Leachate from a pesticide plant contained diisooctyl phthalate at concns of 0.015-30 mg/l(3). Diisooctyl phthalate was found in waste water effluent from a petrochemical plant at concns of not detected, 70.5, and 26.9 ug/L in July 1996, Jan 1997, and March 1997, respectively and found at not detected and 40.5 ug/L in industrial landfill leachate in Dec 1996 and March 1997(4). Diisooctyl phthalate has been identified, not quantified, in emissions of textile floor coverings(5), stack emissions of coal-burning steam plants(6) and fly ash from a municipal waste incinerator(7). Diisooctyl phthalate was identified, not quantified, in leachate from a municipal landfill in Barcelona, Spain(8).

The Koc of diisooctyl phthalate is estimated as 1.6X10+4(SRC), using a water solubility of 0.09 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that diisooctyl phthalate is expected to be immobile in soil.

The ability of diisooctyl phthalate to induce morphological transformation was evaluated in the Balb/3T3 mouse cell line (Cell Transformation Assay). Based on preliminary toxicity determinations (exposure time = 24hrs), diisooctyl phthalate, diluted with acetone, was tested at 0.13, 1.25, 4.25, 12.70 or 42.35ug/ml, resulting in a range of approximately 75% to 20% relative survival. None of the treatments produced significantly greater transformation frequencies (95% confidence level) relative to the negative control (acetone).

Diisooctyl phthalate was examined for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 with and without metabolic activation provided by rat liver S9 fraction. The test article was not mutagenic in the plate incorporation assay when administered at concentrations from 10 to 2000 ug/plate in the presence and absence of activation. Toxicity data was not reported.

Diisooctyl phthalate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

Diisooctyl phthalate is classified as a plasticizer when migrating from food-packaging material (for foods of high water content only).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester is included on this list. Efffective date 10/04/82; Sunset date 10/04/92.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Diisooctyl phthalate is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart.