Pesticide -> EPA IRISHerbicidesActive substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approvedPesticides -> Herbicides, ThiocarbamatePesticide (Thiobencarb) -> USDA PDB
LogP(분배 계수)
log Kow = 3.403.78
냄새
Slight aromatic odor
밀도
1.67 at 20 °C1.0756 (rough estimate)
Color/Form
Clear, colorless liquidPale yellow liquid
용해도
In water, 28.0 mg/L at 25 °CIn water, 30.0 mg/L at 22 °CIn acetone, methanol, n-hexane, toluene, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate >500 g/L클로로포름(약간 용해됨), DMSO(약간 용해됨), 메탄올(약간 용해됨)
Corrosivity
Relatively noncorrosive
끓는 점
BP: 126-129 °C at 0.008 mm Hg126-129°C
Decomposition
When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides/.
녹는점
3.3 °C1.7°C
증기압
0.000022 [mmHg]1.8X10-5 mm Hg at 23 °C
Physical Description
Thiobencarb is a pale yellow to brownish yellow liquid. Non corrosive. Used as an herbicide.Pale yellow to brownish-yellow liquidmp = 3.3 deg C[HSDB] Colorless liquid[MSDSonline]
WarningH302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P264, P270, P273, P301+P317, P330, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
규제 정보
Hazard Traits - HematotoxicityOther Toxicological Hazard TraitsRegulation (EC) No 1107/2009 (amended)Thiobencarb is listed in the dataset of EPA Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides under the Safe Drinking Water Act (40 eCFR 141)2008/934The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)
기타 안전 정보
IMAP assessments - Carbamothioic acid, diethyl-, S-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl] ester: Human health tier I assessment
운송 라벨(DOT)
Class 9
화재 위험
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:
건강 유해성
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:
유해성 요약
A skin and eye irritant[HSDB] Toxic to liver in animal studies[PubChem] May cause irritation[MSDSonline]
반응성 그룹
Thiocarbamate Esters and Salts/Dithiocarbamate Esters and Salts
Special Reports
USEPA/Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Thiobencarb EPA 738-R-97-013 (December 1997). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of October 11, 2012: http://iaspub.epa.gov/apex/pesticides/f?p=CHEMICALSEARCH:1]
FIFRA 요건
Tolerances are established for the combined residues of the herbicide thiobencarb (S-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]diethyl-carbamothioate) and its chlorobenzyl and chlorophenyl moiety-containing metabolites in or on the following raw agricultural commodities:[Table#6349]
용도
용도
Thiocarbamate herbicide used to control sedges and grasses in rice paddies.
일반 설명
Pale yellow to brownish yellow liquid. Non corrosive. Used as an herbicide.
Tolerances with regional registration, as defined in part 180.1(l), are established for residues of the herbicide thiobencarb (S-[(4-chloro-phenyl)methyl]diethylcarbamothioate) and its chlorobenzyl and chlorophenyl moiety-containing metabolites in or on the following raw agricultural commodities:[Table#6350]
Based on the reviews of the generic data for the active ingredient in this case, the Agency has sufficient information on the health effects of thiobencarb, but has certain limitations on its potential for causing adverse effects in fish and wildlife and the environment. The Agency has determined that thiobencarb products, if labeled and used 99 as specified in this Reregistration Eligibility Decision, will not pose unreasonable risks or adverse effects to humans or the environment. Under the Food Quality and Protection Act of 1996, the Agency has determined that there is reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and children or the general population from aggregate exposure to thiobencarb. Therefore, the Agency concludes that all products containing thiobencarb are eligible for reregistration.
As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Thiobencarb is found on List B. Case No: 2665
Pesticide type: herbicide
Case Status: RED Approved 9/97
OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.
Active ingredient (AI): S-((4-Chlorophenyl)methyl) diethylcarbamothioate
Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 08/13/91, 10/13/95
AI Status: OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for the case/AI.
Reactivity Profile
THIOBENCARB is a thiocarbamate. Flammable gases are generated by the combination of thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates with aldehydes, nitrides, and hydrides. Thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates are incompatible with acids, peroxides, and acid halides.
Air and Water Reactions
Thio and dithiocarbamates slowly decompose in aqueous solution to form carbon disulfide and methylamine or other amines. Such decompositions are accelerated by acids.
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:
응급 처치
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:
보관 조건
Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage ... Keep pesticide in original container. Do not put concentrate or dilute into food or drink containers. Store in cool, dry place. Protect from excessive heat. /Bolero 8 EC Herbicide/
정리 방법
Do not contaminate /downstream/ water when disposing of equipment washwaters. /Bolero 8 EC Herbicide/
비화재 누출 대응
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:
처리 방법
SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.Nonrefillable container. Do not reuse or refill this container. Offer for recycling if available. Clean container promptly after emptying. Triple rinse as follows: Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a mix tank. Fill the container 1/4 full with water. Replace and tighten closures. Tip container on its side and roll it back and forth, ensuring at least one complete revolution, for 30 seconds. Stand the container on its end and tip it back and forth several times. Empty the rinsate into application equipment or a mix tank or store rinsate for later use or disposal. Repeat this procedure two more times. /Bolero 8 EC Herbicide/SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.
Preventive Measures
Keep out of reach of children and animals. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Avoid contact of spray to eyes and skin.SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. /Bolero 8 EC Herbicide/For terrestrial uses, do not apply directly to water, to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. /Bolero 8 EC Herbicide/For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for THIOBENCARB (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Isolation and Evacuation
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:
Allowable Tolerances
Tolerances are established for the combined residues of the herbicide thiobencarb (S-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]diethyl-carbamothioate) and its chlorobenzyl and chlorophenyl moiety-containing metabolites in or on the following raw agricultural commodities:[Table#6347]Tolerances with regional registration, as defined in part 180.1(l), are established for residues of the herbicide thiobencarb (S-[(4-chloro-phenyl)methyl]diethylcarbamothioate) and its chlorobenzyl and chlorophenyl moiety-containing metabolites in or on the following raw agricultural commodities:[Table#6348]
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:Applicators and flaggers must wear: long sleeved shirt and long pants, shoes plus socks. /Bolero 8 EC Herbicide/Mixers and Loaders must wear: long sleeved shirt and long pants, chemical-resistant gloves, such as barrier laminate, butyl rubber greater than or equal to 14 mils, nitrile rubber greater than or equal to 14 mils or Viton greater than or equal to 14 mils, chemical-resistant apron and shoes plus socks. /Bolero 8 EC Herbicide/For other handling activities and in case of a spill or other emergency exposure, handlers must wear: coveralls over long sleeved shirt and long pants, chemical-resistant gloves such as barrier laminate, butyl rubber greater than or equal to 14 mils, nitrile rubber greater than or equal to 14 mils or Viton greater than or equal to 14 mils, chemical-resistant footwear and chemical-resistant apron when cleaning equipment. /Bolero 8 EC Herbicide/All workers must wear: waterproof boots plus socks when entering flooded fields following treatment. /Bolero 8 EC Herbicide/For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for THIOBENCARB (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Treatment
If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.
표적 장기
Urinary
건강 영향
Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Chronically high (>10 years) exposure leads to neuropsychological consequences including disturbances in perception and visuo-motor processing (A15321).
생태독성 수치
LD50Species: /Colinus virginianus/ (Bobwhite quail) oral >7800 mg/kg /Technical thiobencarb/EC50Species: Chlorella vulgaris (Green Algae) 1X10+4 cells/mL, CCAP 211/11BConditions: freshwater, static, 25-28 °CConcentration: 3277 ug/L for 72 hr (95% confidence interval: 2565-4185 ug/L)Effect: population changes, general /99.5% purity/Species: Chlorella vulgaris (Green Algae) 1X10+4 cells/mL, NIES-227Concentration: 3788 ug/L for 72 hr (95% confidence interval: 2594-5530 ug/L)Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green Algae) 1X10+4 cells/mL, NIES-35Concentration: 20.3 ug/L for 72 hr (95% confidence interval: 16.0-25.7 ug/L)For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for THIOBENCARB (44 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
환경 거동
TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 309-5000(2-4), indicate that thiobencarb is expected to have low to slight mobility in soil(SRC). Soils studies have demonstrated that volatilization from soil surfaces is not an important fate process(5). Minor loss of thiobencarb occurs from photodegradation on soil surfaces(6) with one reported photolysis half-life of 168 days(5). Biodegradation is the major environmental fate process in soil(3,5,6). Biodegradation has also been shown to occur more rapidly in soils that have been acclimated to thiobencarb(7). The half-life of thiobencarb in soil has been reported to be 2 to 3 weeks in aerobic conditions and 6 to 8 months in anaerobic conditions(6). Soil half-lives of 21-58 days are also reported based on field studies(3,5) and a half-life of 3.5 days in an acclimated rice field(8).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a measured Koc values ranging from 309-5000(2-4), indicates that thiobencarb is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). One study in a flooded soil showed that more thiobencarb partitioned to the soil than remained in the water(5). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(6) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.7X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.2X10-5 mm Hg(7), and water solubility, 28 mg/L(7). According to a classification scheme(8), measured BCFs ranging from 66 to 523(9-11), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate-to-high(SRC). Biodegradation is a major environmental fate process for thiobencarb in aquatic ecosystems(12). Degradation studies have shown that thiobencarb can degrade much more rapidly in non-sterile water/sediment systems than in sterile systems(12,13). Biodegradation has been shown to occur more rapidly in systems that have been acclimated to thiobencarb(14). Degradation in natural water may occur abiotically through photooxidation(14). Photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals can react readily with thiobencarb in natural waters, although the presence of a photo-sensitizing agent (e.g., humic acids) is required(15). Laboratory persistence studies have measured half-lives ranging from 6 to 42 days in water or water-sediment systems(12,13). Thiobencarb is stable to aqueous hydrolysis in the environment(16).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), thiobencarb, which has a vapor pressure of 2.2X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase thiobencarb is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), determined using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase thiobencarb may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Thiobencarb is susceptible to direct photolysis(4).
유해 작용
Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
노출 경로
Inhalation (L793)oral (L793)dermal (L793)
독성 요약
Thiobencarb is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Carbamates form unstable complexes with chlolinesterases by carbamoylation of the active sites of the enzymes. This inhibition is reversible. A cholinesterase inhibitor suppresses the action of acetylcholine esterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholine esterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop.
생태독성 발췌
/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Thiobencarb (S-(4-chlorobenzyl)-N,N-diethyl thiol carbamate) has been one of the herbicides previously associated with fish kills in agricultural drains near the Sacramento/San Joaquin rivers and their Delta. To define targets of thiobencarb embryotoxicity and to determine the degree of protection afforded by the chorion, medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed under static nonrenewal conditions. Responses to exposures initiated at blastula or at initiation of heart beat (stages 10 and 23, respectively) were assessed. In addition, enzymatically dechorionated embryos (stage 13, gastrula) were exposed and compared to responses in embryos with intact chorions. Embryos were observed daily for development and for gross abnormalities including: bradycardia, pericardial edema, hemostasis, poor yolk resorption, cephalic and spinal deformities, and abnormal hatching. A subset was also evaluated for histologic alterations. Based on gross abnormalities, the concentration of thiobencarb affecting 50% (EC50) of embryos exposed at blastula was 3.6 mg/L, while the putative no observable effect concentration (NOEC) was 1.0 mg/L. For embryos exposed at onset of heart beat (stage 23), these values were 4.1 and 2.5 mg/L, respectively. Dechorionated embryos tended to be more sensitive than their chorionated cohorts (LC50=2.5 vs. 1.0 mg/L). Liver histologic alterations were seen in chorionated embryos at EC50 levels and higher. Stage-specific toxicity was evidentnevertheless, the EC50 and NOEC values for embryos treated at stage 10 and stage 23 were similar./AQUATIC SPECIES/ Chronic toxicity studies were conducted with an algae (Nannochloris oculata) and the cladoceran (Daphnia magna) to determine their relative sensitivities to the thiocarbamate herbicide thiobencarb (S-4-chlorobenzyl diethylthiocarbamate). Most of the algal populations were initially affected by exposure to the herbicide. Thiobencarb concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/L significantly reduced algal densities after 24-hr exposure. The 24-hr static EC50 in D. magna was 3.01 mg/L. The sublethal effects of 0.3, 0.37, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.5 mg/L of thiobencarb concentrations on the survival, reproduction, and growth of D. magna were monitored for 21 days. The parameters used to determined the effect of the herbicide on D. magna were mean total young per femalemean brood sizedays to first broodintrinsic rate of natural increase (r)and survival. Reproduction was significantly reduced at thiobencarb concentrations of 0.30 mg/L and higher while survival was affected after exposure to 0.75 and 1.5 mg/L of the pesticide. The r value decreased with increasing concentrations of thiobencarb. Growth, as measured by body length, was depressed significantly after exposure to all herbicide concentrations tested./AQUATIC SPECIES/ The midge Chironomus tepperi was used in laboratory experiments to assess the relative toxicity of formulated molinate, clomazone, and thiobencarb, three herbicides used in Australian rice crops. Static bioassays were initiated with first-instar larvae at herbicide concentrations between 0.0625 and 2 times the anticipated field concentrations (AFCs) expected from the registered application rates. Adult emergence success, development time, and wing length were used as indices of the effect of each herbicide. ... Thiobencarb reduced emergence success of adult C. tepperi at 0.0625 times the AFC (0.1875 mg/L) as well as decreasing male adult size and increasing development time for males and females at 0.125 times the AFC (p<0.05). Nontarget effects of the herbicides on aquatic invertebrate communities were assessed in shallow experimental ponds using commercial application rates. One week after treatment, only thiobencarb had a significant effect, suppressing populations of chironomids, calanoids, and cyclopoids (p<0.05). Four weeks later, all populations had recovered, equaling or exceeding control densities.
Animal Concentrations
Mussels collected from the Tokyo Bay in Japan during May and Aug of 1983 and 1984 contained max thiobencarb levels of 0.20 ppm(1).
Signs and Symptoms
As with organophosphates, the signs and symptoms are based on excessive cholinergic stimulation. Unlike organophosphate poisoning, carbamate poisonings tend to be of shorter duration because the inhibition of nervous tissue acetylcholinesterase is reversible, and carbamates are more rapidly metabolized. Muscle weakness, dizziness, sweating and slight body discomfort are commonly reported early symptoms. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Contraction of the pupils with blurred vision, incoordination, muscle twitching and slurred speech have been reported. (L795)
