노르말옥탄

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Water may be ineffective.

Use powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Do NOT induce vomiting. Give nothing to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Octane:

(General first aid procedures)

For small (incipient) fires, use media such as "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. For large fires, apply water from as far as possible. Use very large quantities (flooding) of water applied as a mist or spray; solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.

Water may be ineffective.

Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Evacuate danger area! Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus.

1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be collected & atomized in a suitable combustion chamber. Octane should not be allowed to enter a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion.

Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Evacuate danger area! Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus.

n-Octane concentrations in outdoor and personal air in two areas of California(1).[Table#334]

n-Octane was detected in 7 of 12 samples of mothers breast milk from the cities of Bayonne NJ, Jersey City NJ, Bridgeville PA and Baton Rouge LA(1). The air expired from humans contained n-octane in 27.7% of the 387 samples collected from 54 subjects(2). The avg n-octane concn of 0.296 ng/l was expressed as the geometric mean with upper and lower limits of 1.10 and 0.079 respectively(2). The breath samples of 110 residents from Los Angeles, CA in Feb 1984, contained n-octane at an avg concn of 1.0 ug/cu m(3). The avg octane concn in the breath of 24 Los Angeles residents in May 1984 was 1.2 ug/cu m(3). For residents of Contra Costa, CA in June 1984 the avg n-octane concn of 67 breath samples was 0.6 ug/cu m(3).

Rabbits with acute intoxication by inhaling carbon monoxide alone or in association with octane at concentration of 5000 ppm were compared by the physiogram method. Hydrocarbons aggravated the cardiovascular phenomena caused by carbon monoxide and although they are central excitants they further degraded EEG activity.

Alkaline phosphatase activity in liver, spleen, and bone marrow were increased in female rats exposed to n-octane ... for 2 and 7 days. The increase in splenic alkaline phosphatase activity persisted for up to 42 days after a single dose ... Pretreatment with protein formation inhibitors, cycloheximide or ethionine, removed this observed increase of alkaline phosphatase activity in liver and spleen.

LC50; Species: Artemia salina (Brine Shrimp) nauplii; Conditions: saltwater, static, 20 °C; Concentration: 3.5 mmol/cu m for 24 hr /> or =97% purity/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age 4-6 days, length 1.5 mm; Conditions: freshwater, static, 23 °C, pH 6-7, dissolved oxygen 5-9 mg/L; Concentration: 3.3 mmol/cu m for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 2.7-4 mmol/cu m); Effect: intoxication, immobilization /> or =97% purity/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna; Concentration: 0.38 mg/L for 48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

EC50; Species: Mytilus edulis (Common Bay Mussel); Conditions: saltwater, static, 15 °C; Concentration: 120 ug/L for <1.67 hr (95% confidence interval: 100-130 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization /> or =98% purity/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.1X10+4(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 5.18(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that n-octane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-octane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.21 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 14.1 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.66 mg/L(5). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). n-Octane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). n-Octane, present at one mg/mL silt loam soil suspension, exhibited average Theoretical biological oxygen demands of 13, 58, 70 and 69% after 2, 5, 10 and 20 days, respectively(6), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.1X10+4(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 5.18(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that n-octane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 41.1 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 0.66 mg/L(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hrs and 4 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 11 months if adsorption is considered(7). According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 1200(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). When evaporation rates are low, biodegradation of n-octane under aerobic conditions may be important in water(SRC). For example, a 49% loss of n-octane occurred within 5 days and completely disappeared within 15 days when 1 mL of crude oil was added to a 100 mL simulated seawater solution inoculated with sediment samples from Fukae of Kobe harbor, Japan and incubated at 20 °C(9). Although complete recovery was reported for the control samples, no account was made of volatilization losses(SRC). In a similar study using a jet fuel mixture and freshwater at 25 °C, a 99% loss of n-octane in sample controls was attributed to evaporation(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-octane, which has a vapor pressure of 14.1 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-octane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 44 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 8.68X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Experimental data also showed that 33.2% of the n-octane fraction in a dark chamber reacted with nitrate radicals to form the corresponding alkyl nitrate(4,5), suggesting nighttime reactions with nitrate radicals may contribute to the atmospheric transformation of n-octane, especially in urban environments(SRC). n-Octane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

n-Octane was identified as a volatile component of fried bacon(1), roasted filberts(2), nectarines(3), and beaufort cheese(4). The concn of n-octane in duck meat, duck fat, Cantonese style roasted duck, and Cantonese style roasted duck gravy were 3.87, 18.23, 94.58, and 73.46 ppb on wet basis(5). n-Octane was emitted at a rate of 38 mg/kg of hamburger meat cooked over a natural gas fired grill(6).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L400) ; inhalation (L400) ; dermal (L400)

Used as a solvent, chemical raw material, antiknock agent for high compression engine fuels, lacquer diluent, carrier solvent in polymer manufacturing, blowing agent for foam rubber used in rocket propellants, for calibrations, and azeotropic distillations; [HSDB]

Painting (Solvents) [Category: Paint]

It is used as a solvent, a chemical raw material, and an important chemical agent in the petroleum industry. Octane offers desirable blending values that achieve certain antiknock and combustion qualities for high compression engine fuels.

As an industrial solvent, lacquer diluent, and carrier solvent in the manufacturing of polymers; as a blowing agent for foam rubber used in rocket propellants

Organic synthesis, calibrations, azeotropic distillations

Octanes may be found in gasoline. (L1296)

2023: 100,000,000 - <500,000,000 lb

(1972) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 G

(1975) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 G

(1984) 7.83X10+11 g /n-Paraffins/

Octane is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for N-OCTANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

From the fractional distillation and refining of petroleum.

n-Alkanes having more than six carbon atoms are not isolated individually but as mixtures of several homologues. Suitable sources are the appropriate petroleum distillate fractions, from which the n-paraffins can be isolated in high isomeric purity (greater than or equal to 95% linearity) by selective separation (eg, molecular sieve separation or urea extractive crystallization). /Higher n-Alkanes/

Petroleum Refineries

Octane: ACTIVE

Found in petroleum

n-Nonane, n-heptane and n-octane are components at 18.35% by weight of naphtha which is used as a diluent in processing of bitumen from oil sands