Hexachlorophene

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Rest. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off waste out of sewers and water sources.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U132, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.[

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for chlorinated pesticides (unspecified): Resin adsorption.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. Recommendable method: Incineration.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

... All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day and put on before work. ... Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated.

Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing vapors. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard.

Hexachlorophene has been detected in human milk at levels of 0-9 ug/L; conditions not specified(1). The average concentration of hexachlorophene in mother's milk (whole) after its application to disinfect the nipples (prior to FDA recommendation on stopping usage of hexachlorophene for this purpose in 1972) was 5.7 ppb (6 samples; range, <2-9.5 ppb). In 5 milk samples taken two years later, 20% were positive for hexachlorophene with an average concentration of 8.3 ppb(2).

In a study of the use of 3% hexachlorophene solution as body and hand soap, blood levels ranged from less than 0.005-0.38 mg/L blood, compared with mean baseline concn in 30 control people of 0.02 mg/L blood. After prolonged use of soap containing 0.75% hexachlorophene, levels ranged from 0.02-0.14 mg/L blood. In a study of randomly selected hospital patients, hexachlorophene blood levels ranged from 0 to 0.12 mg/L, with mean level of 0.03 mg/L(1).

Samples of adipose tissue obtained from neck during routine surgery contained mean concn of 0.01 mg/kg tissue; abdominal fat obtained at autopsy contained 0.04 mg/kg tissue. In another study, hexachlorophene was detected at levels of 0-80 ug/kg adipose tissue(1).

Whole Blood Reference Ranges: Normal - less than 0.03 mg/ cu ml; Exposed - People using mouthwash containing 0.5% hexachlorophene for 3 weeks, avg concentration 0.06 mg/cu mL; Toxic - level of 0.78 mg/mL was found in a child who died, however adults with levels as high as 2.16 mg/mL have been asymptomatic.

For more Body Burden (Complete) data for HEXACHLOROPHENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (bobwhite quail) oral 575 mg/kg /Isobac/

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (mallard duck) female oral 1450 mg/kg /Isobac/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <24 hr neonate; Conditions: freshwater, static, 21 °C, pH 7.6; Concentration: 0.000487 mM for 24 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) age 30 days, length 20.1 mm, weight 0.103 g; Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 24.3 °C, pH 7.30, hardness 51.1 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 45.8 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 5.8 mg/L; Concentration: 21 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 19-23 ug/L) /99% purity/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a reported Koc value of 91,000(2), indicates that hexachlorophene is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). The pKa of hexachlorophene is 4.95(3), indicating that this compound will partially exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of hexachlorophene from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.5X10-13 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(5) and the pKa(3). Hexachlorophene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 8.3X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(6). A 0% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(7), suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a reported Koc value of 91,000(2), indicates that hexachlorophene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 4.95(3) indicates hexachlorophene will exist partially in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization of the anion from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Volatilization of the neutral species from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.5X10-13 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(5). Hexachlorophene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). According to a classification scheme(6), BCFs of 82-153 in carp (Cyprinus carpio)(7) and 278 in mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis)(8) suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to high(SRC). Radio-labeled C14-hexachlorophene was not biodegraded in surface water from the Skidaway River, GA(9). Hexachlorophene contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths of 302 and 312 nm at pH 7 and 8, respectively(10-11), and therefore may be susceptible to aqueous photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), hexachlorophene, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 8.3X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase hexachlorophene may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Hexachlorophene has an atmospheric half-life of 4.9 days based upon average atmospheric reaction rates with hydroxyl radicals and ozone(3).

MAY BE ABSORBED! See Ingestion.

Redness.

Nausea. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Drowsiness. Fall in blood pressure. Convulsions. See Effects of short-term exposure Symptoms may be delayed.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=70-30-4]

Hexachlorophene was detected in all 35 sewage sludge samples from 25 different treatment plants across Canada; concentrations were 22.6 to 1190 ng/g and concentrations were higher in digested sludge. The samples were collected from 1994 to 2000(1).

Hexachlorophene concentrations and removal for 7 consecutive days were tracked from Sept 24-30, 1969 at a Corvallis, OR sewage treatment plant(1).[Table#847]

Concentrations of hexachlorophene in 24-Hour composite samples from sewage treatment plants located in Oregon; samples were collected Nov 13, 1969(1).[Table#848]

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain, for example in aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

Hexachlorophene

Gastrointestinal

3 x 10 ^-4 mg/kg-day

The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, including hexachlorophene, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

U132; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when hexachlorophene, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b).

(ME) MAINE 2 ug/L

(FL) FLORIDA 6 ug/L

Used as an antibacterial agent, disinfectant, fungicide, and acaricide; [HSDB]

Using Disinfectants or Biocides [Category: Clean]

For hexachlorophene (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 044901) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Chiefly in the manufacture of germicidal soaps

Topical antiinfective (restricted), veterinary medicine

Primarily in consumer products, including cosmetics and germicidal preparations.

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 044901; Trade Names: G 11, Acigena, Almederm, AT 7, AT 17, Dermadex, Exofene, Fomac, Fostril, Hexide, Hexophene, Nabac, Septisol, Phisohex, Hexosan, Steral, Surofene, Trichlorophene, Turgex, Eleven. /SRP: Former/

Topical: Emulsion (Hexachlorophene Cleansing Emulsion) 3% w/w pHisoHex (Sanofi-Aventis).

Nabac, 25% emulsifiable concentrate. /SRP: Former/

Isobac (Seribak) (discontinued 1987 by Kalo, Inc) is the monosodium salt of 2,2-methylene bis(3,4,6-trichlorophenol). It was formulated as a 20% emulsifiable concentrate. Compex, a compatibility agent, (principal functioning agents: alcohol sulfates, sodium alkyl butanediamate, polyesters of sodium thio butanedioate) has been suggested for addition to isobac when it was incompatible with other herbicides, fungicides or insecticides. /SRP: Former/

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for HEXACHLOROPHENE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Phenol, 2,2'-methylenebis[3,4,6-trichloro-: ACTIVE

Isobac /discontinued in 1987/ is a broad spectrum contact soil, foliar fungicide. /Isobac/