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Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

LC50 Carp 13.6 mg/l/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Carp 13.3 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Quail dietary 740 mg/kg/8 day /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Guppy 5.5 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Rainbow trout 24 ug/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Etrimfos degrades readily in soil through hydrolytic and biochemical processes(1-2). It is rapidly metabolized in plants, animals and soil to 6-ethoxy-2-ethylpyrimidin-4-ol (EEHP), small amounts of 2-ethylpyrimidine-4,6-diol and other hydroxylated derivatives(1); traces of the P=O analog may also be formed(1-2). In soil, there is a rapid degradation to EEHP and further to volatile fragments, including CO2(1-2). The half-life in soil is typically 3-8 days(1). Estimated Koc values of 202 and 570 suggest that etrimfos has medium to low soil mobility(3-5).

AQUATIC FATE: Etrimfos is expected to degrade readily in water through hydrolysis and biodegradation. It hydrolyzes in water with a half-life of 14-16 days at pH6-pH9 and 25 °C(1-2). Although specific biodegradation data are not available, etrimfos is expected to biodegrade readily in natural water based upon data for similar phosphate esters(3). Following an accidental spill of etrimfos into the Rhine River, one computer model predicted that etrimfos would have a residence time of 23 days in the Rhine(3). Bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not expected to be important; etrimfos is rapidly metabolized in plants and animals to 6-ethoxy-2-ethylpyrimidin-4-ol (EEHP), small amounts of 2-ethylpyrimidine-4,6-diol and other hydroxylated derivatives(1); traces of the P=O analog may also be formed(1-2). Volatilization from water has minor importance(3,SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon a vapor pressure of 6.45X10-5 mm Hg at 20 °C(1), etrimfos can exist in both the vapor and particulate-phases in the ambient atmosphere, although the vapor-phase can be expected to dominate(2,SRC). It will degrade rapidly in the vapor-phase by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 4.8 hr(3,SRC). Particulate-phase etrimfos and aerosols released to air during spray applications of etrimfos insecticide will be removed from air physically by dry and wet deposition(SRC).

In soil, 50% loss of etrimfos occurs in ca 3-8 days. The principal degradation products are 6-ethoxy-2-ethylpyrimidin-4-ol, small amounts of 2-ethylpyrimidine-4,6-diol and other hydroxylated derivatives, and carbon dioxide.

Analysis of 327 wheat samples collected from United Kingdom flour mills during 1987 and 1988 found etrimfos in only two samples (max concn of 0.3 mg/kg) at a detection limit of 0.1 mg/kg(1); etrimfos was not detected in 142 samples of wheat imported into the United Kingdom(1).

In plants, etrimfos undergoes rapid metabolism to 6-ethoxy-2-ethylpyrimidin-4- ol, and small amounts of 2-ethylpyrimidine-4,6-diol and other hydroxylated derivatives.

Workers handling & applying pesticides must undergo an annual medical examination at the beginning of each agricultural season. Contraindications for work with /organophosphorus pesticides/ are organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis). The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should cease work with pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

A final diagnosis of mild to moderate acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning is rarely justified unless all of the following five conditions are present: 1. A definite history of exposure to an organophosphate pesticide. 2. A latent interval of not more than a few hours between that last exposure and the onset of illness. 3. A clinical picture in which most or all of the following signs or symptoms are present: headache, blurred vision, weakness, tightness in chest, and constricted pupils. 4. Reduction of plasma and RBC cholinesterase activity to a level substantially below 50% of baseline values. Because of the wide normal range of RBC cholinesterase in the population, symptoms may be present with reported "normal" levels. 5. An acute illness that is not substantially longer than 48 hours. The classic presentation for acute organophosphate toxicity includes history, evidence of exposure to organophosphate (garlic odor), signs/symptoms of cholinergic excess, improvement with atropine or pralidoxime, and inhibition of cholinesterase in blood. /Organophosphate pesticide poisoning/

Based upon a reported water solubility of 40 mg/L at 23 °C(1), the Koc for etrimfos can be estimated to be about 570 from a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indexes, the Koc for etrimfos can be estimated to be 202(3,SRC). According to a suggested classification scheme(4), these estimated Koc values suggest that etrimfos has medium to low mobility in soil(SRC). Following an accidental spill of etrimfos into the Rhine River in Switzerland (estimated discharge of 290-1800 kg), monitoring suggested that etrimfos did not strongly adsorb in sediment and particles in the water(4).

All the organophosphorus insecticides have a cumulative effect by progressive inhibition of cholinesterase ... /Organophosphorus insecticides/

The symptoms of chronic poisoning due to organophosphorus pesticides include headache, weakness, feeling of heaviness in head, decline of memory, quick onset of fatigue, disturbed sleep, loss of appetite, & loss of orientation. Psychic disorders, nystagmus, trembling of the hands & other nervous system disorders can be observed in certain cases. Sometimes neuritis, paresis & paralysis develop. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Organophosphorus cmpd can produce dermal irritation but most are weak sensitizers. /Organophosphate cmpd/

Toxic effects may include anorexia, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, incontinence, eye changes, weakness, dyspnea, bronchospasm, lacrimation, increased salivation & sweating, bradycardia, hypotension or hypertension due to asphyxia, cyanosis, & muscular twitching of the eyelids, tongue, face, & neck, possibly progressing to convulsions. Central nervous system symptoms include restlessness, anxiety, dizziness, drowsiness, tremor, ataxia, depression, confusion, & coma. Death may occur from depression of the respiratory or cardiovascular system. Neuropathy appears to be a rare problem with the organophosphorus insecticides now in use. /Organophosphorus insecticides/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ETRIMFOS (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Based upon a reported water solubility of 40 mg/L(1), the BCF for etrimfos can be estimated to be 77 from a recommended regression-derived equation(2,SRC). This BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not important(SRC).

Based upon a water solubility of 40 mg/L and a vapor pressure of 6.45X10-5 mm Hg at 20 °C(1), the Henry's Law constant for etrimfos can be estimated to be 6.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC). This value of Henry's Law constant suggests that a compound volatilizes slowly from water(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec) can be estimated to be about 101 days(2,SRC). Volatilization half-life from an model environmental pond (2 meters deep) can be estimated to exceed 4 yrs(3,SRC).

Used as broad range non-systemic insecticide for fruits, vegetables, maize, ornamentals, tobacco, rice, and other crops; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

Insecticide

Control of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and some Hemiptera on fruit trees (including citrus), olives, potatoes, vegetables, maize, lucerne, ornamentals, tobacco, and rice; and control of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, mites, and lice in stored products.

All purpose insecticide for house gardens and handling equipment. Controls scales in fruit trees, citrus and olives, grape berry moths in grapes, European corn borer, Colorado potato beetle, lepidopterous pests of tobacco, prebloom and early postbloom pest complexes on fruit trees: rice stemborers, beetles, midges and bugs, and alfalfa weevils. Granular for Pyralidae in paddy rice.

Etrimfos's use as broad-range non-systemic insecticide(1-2).

Emulsifiable concentrate; granules; ultra-low volume liquid; dustable powder.

Ekamet, emulsifiable concentrate (500 g/kg), granules (50 g/kg), dustable powder (10 or 20 g/kg), oil spray (50 g/kg); Ekamet ultra-low volume (400 g/l); Satisfar (520 g/l); Satisfar DP-2, dsut (20 g/kg); Satisfar LS 3, Satisfar LS 5 (30 or 50 g/l).