세프라딘

Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15

Pharmaceuticals -> Antibiotics

SPARINGLY SOL IN WATER; VERY SLIGHTLY SOL ALC; PRACTICALLY INSOL IN CHLOROFORM & ETHER

7.78e-01 g/L

Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibacterial Agents; Cephalosporins

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

MP 140-142 °C (DECOMP);PK1 = 2.63, PK2 = 7.57 /CEPHRADINE MONOHYDRATE/

SMALL, COLORLESS CRYSTALS /CEPHRADINE MONOHYDRATE/

Soluble in propylene glycol, slightly soluble in acetone, ethanol. Insoluble in ether, chloroform, benzene, hexane /Cephradine monohydrate/

Danger

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P233, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P272, P280, P284, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 43 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Manufacturers, packers, and distributors of drug and drug products for human use are responsible for complying with the labeling, certification, and usage requirements as prescribed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended; 21 U.S.C. 321-392).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

...PARAMETERS OF RENAL FUNCTION...SHOULD BE MONITORED...WHEN...CEPHALOSPORIN & POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTICS ARE USED CONCURRENTLY. /CEPHALOSPORINS/

URINARY EXCRETION OF...WEAK ACIDS...CAN BE AFFECTED BY THESE URICOSURIC AGENTS. THUS...CEPHALOSPORINS...MAY BE AFFECTED BY CONCURRENT USE OF PROBENECID OR SULFINPYRAZONE. /CEPHALOSPORINS/

CONCURRENT AS WELL AS INDIVIDUAL USE OF GENTAMICIN & CEPHALOTHIN MAY INCR NEPHROTOXICITY & ACUTE RENAL FAILURE. ... NEITHER IT NOR OTHER CEPHALOSPORINS USED PARENTERALLY SUCH AS CEPHRADINE, SHOULD BE USED WITH GENTAMICIN UNLESS LIFE-THREATENING CONDITION EXISTS.

Acetaldehyde, at concentrations occurring in vivo was found to avidly react in vitro with several clinically relevant drugs. The greatest reactivity was observed for the hydrazine and hydrazide-containing drugs, hydralazine and isoniazid, respectively. Substantial reactivity was also evidenced for the amine-containing penicillins cyclacillin and ampicillin and for the cephalosporins cephalexin, cephradroxyl and cephradine. However, the virtual lack of reactivity of the amine-containing penicillanic and cephalosporanic acids reveals a major role of the acyl groups of these antibiotics in their reactivity towards acetaldehyde. The presence of moieties which increase the electron density of the amine group appears to favor the molecule reactivity. Amongst several phenylethylallines tested, dopamine and noradrenaline were the most active in forming adducts with acetaldehyde. It is suggested that in vitro binding of acetaldehyde to the above-mentioned drugs could lead in vivo to decreased drug bioavailability, and conceivably the adducts formed may mediate some of the side effects associated with simultaneous drug and alcohol ingestion.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for CEPHRADINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

THROMBOPHLEBITIS HAS OCCURRED DURING IV INFUSION, MOST FREQUENTLY WHEN CEPHRADINE IS GIVEN FOR LONG PERIODS IN HIGH CONCN BY INFUSION INTO SAME VEIN.

Total body water increases in pregnancy and while the uterus, placenta, fetus, and amniotic fluid constitute part of this increase, the largest component is in the extracellular water. Fat stores also increase and thus the distribution volumes of all drugs expand, but the major effect is seen in polar drugs which are confined to the extracellular space. Cardiac output and renal function also increase and elimination of polar drugs is accelerated. In contrast, the elimination of lipophilic drugs may be retarded, and the effect on intermediate drugs is variable. Polar drugs cross the placenta slowly and accumulate in amniotic fluid and therefore in the fetal gut lumen. Lipophilic drugs cross the placenta rapidly and their transplacental distribution is dependent on relative maternal and fetal affinity: this is determined largely by protein binding on either side of the placenta. The fetus and neonate dispose of all drugs less rapidly than adults, the most efficient elimination processes being sulfate conjugation and renal excretion.

We report the case of a 15-year-old girl who developed high fever, syncope, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, myalgia, pharyngitis, and a desquamating rash eight days after a diagnostic peritoneal lavage. The diagnostic peritoneal lavage wound was erythematous and tender. Incision of the site yielded 10 ml of exudate that cultured Staphylococcus aureus. The patient was treated with a first-generation cephalosporin and recovered without sequelae. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of toxic shock syndrome following diagnostic peritoneal lavage.

Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)

Cephradine

Ambiguous-DILI-concern

4

Adverse reactions

DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015

To determine the mechanism of intestinal absorption of beta-lactam antibiotics, the effects of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (I) on the membrane permeability of penicillin G potassium (potassium benzylpenicillin), ampicillin, cephalexin (cephalexin monohydrate; II) and cephradine were compared with the effects of chlorpromazine hydrochloride on actively transported substances using rat intestinal brush border membrane vesicles; the influence of chlorpromazine hydrochloride concentration on membrane lipid fluidity was also examined. Except for cephalexin monohydrate, the initial uptakes of the antibiotics were significantly enhanced in the presence of chlorpromazine hydrochloride. The absorption of the actively transported substances was substantially inhibited by chlorpromazine hydrochloride, suggesting that the permeation process differs from that of the antibiotics. It appeared that chlorpromazine hydrochloride modifies membrane fluidity by increasing it at the membrane surface and then decreasing it in the interior region.

The rat enteral and rabbit rectal models were utilized to study the effect of Capmul (medium chain glycerides) on the absorption of a selection of beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. All tested non-orally available beta-lactam antibiotics (cefamandole, cefotaxime, moxalactam, cefoxitin, mezlocillin, carumonam, penicillin G, and amdinocillin) showed increased absorption enterally in rats and rectally in rabbits when formulated with Capmul. The orally available beta-lactam antibiotics, cephalexin and cephradine, were not enhanced in their enteral or rectal absorption by Capmul in the two model systems. Ampicillin absorption was enhanced rectally and enterally by Capmul. Rectal absorption of the aminoglycoside antibiotics, tobramycin and gentamycin, was enhanced by Capmul while enteral absorption was not.

The microscopic changes in the intestines of rats given indomethacin, 6 mg/kg for one or 2 wk, and the intestinal absorption of phenolsulfonphthalein (phenol red; II), cephalexin (III) and cephradine (IV) in rats previously given indomethacin were studied. In rats given indomethacin only, erosion and penetrating ulceration of the jejunum and ileum were observed. The absorption of phenolsulfonphthalein increased approximately 1.6 and 2.3 times in rats previously given indomethacin for one and 2 wk, respectively. However, the absorption of cephalexin did not change and that of cephradine was reduced about 6.3 and 28.7% after one and 2 wk of indomethacin.

Peritoneal infection progresses through defined stages: contamination, inflammation and abscess formation. An experimental model of established peritonitis without adjuvant in the rat was used to test the effect of various local and systemic agents on survival. There was significant improvement in all treatment groups except those treated with antiseptic lavage using PVP-I and noxythiolin. Intramuscular ampicillin improved survival from 40 to 60 percent while intramuscular amikacin combined with local irrigation with metronidazole reduced mortality to nil (P less than 0.001). Both cephradine and metronidazole used as peritoneal lavage solutions improved survival (P less than 0.005) when compared with the controls but the difference was not significant when compared with irrigation with Hartmann's solution. Metronidazole given rectally also improved survival from 40 to 60 per cent but this difference was not significant. We conclude that survival in established peritonitis depends upon adequate antibiotic therapy.

The epileptogenic properties of 10 cephalosporins and penicillin G were compared by intraventricular application to rats. At doses greater than 32 micrograms per head, cefazolin provoked tremendous seizure signs, a spike-and-wave complex appeared in close succession for more than 30 min, and severe convulsions were observed repeatedly. Reactions to cefotiam, ceftezole, and cephaloridine were almost equal to reactions to penicillin. No epileptogenic signs were observed on EEGs, and no behavioral symptoms were observed after administration of 1,000 micrograms of cephalexin and cephradine per head. Reactions to cephapirin, cefmetazole, cephalothin, and ceftizoxime exhibited less marked epileptogenic features; activity was diminished in that order on EEGs and in behavioral signs. Compounds substituted with two different heterocyclic rings at position 7 (R1) and position 3 (R2) of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid were potent in producing epileptogenic signs both on EEGs and in behaviors. Compounds substituted wlth a heterocyclic ring at either position of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid were less potent. Compounds such a ceftizoxime, cephalexin, and cephradine, substituted at R2 with small groups, were almost incapable of producing epileptogenic activity. This may indicate that the substitution of a heterocyclic ring at position 3 will provoke the convulsive actions.

Manufacturers, packers, and distributors of drug and drug products for human use are responsible for complying with the labeling, certification, and usage requirements as prescribed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended; 21 U.S.C. 321-392).

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use

QJ - Antiinfectives for systemic use

Cefradine is a first generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a spectrum of activity similar to Cefalexin. Cefradine, like the penicillins, is a beta-lactam antibiotic. By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, it inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that Cefradine interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.

Cephalosporins and cephamycins inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis in a manner similar to that of penicillin. /Cephalosporins/

The first generation cephalosporins ... have activity against gram positive bacteria and relatively modest activity against gram negative microorganisms. /Cephalosporins/

9YA6SX5S4D

CEPHRADINE ANHYDROUS

Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Cephalosporin Antibacterial

Chemical Structure [CS] - Cephalosporins

Cephradine anhydrous is a Cephalosporin Antibacterial.

Over 90 percent of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine within six hours.

CEPHRADINE IS ALMOST COMPLETELY ABSORBED AFTER ORAL ADMIN; IN PRESENCE OF FOOD, ABSORPTION IS SLOWED BUT NOT DECR. ORAL DOSES OF 250 & 500 MG YIELD PEAK PLASMA LEVELS OF ABOUT 9 & 16.5 UG/ML, WITHIN 40 MIN FROM EMPTY STOMACH. ABSORPTION BY IM ROUTE IS CONSIDERABLY SLOWER.

AFTER SINGLE ORAL ADMIN, CEPHRADINE WAS ABSORBED RAPIDLY FROM GI TRACT & PEAK SERUM CONCN ACHIEVED WITHIN 1 HR. 75-100% OF DOSE EXCRETED UNCHANGED IN URINE IN FIRST 6 HOURS.

SIX SUBJECTS RECEIVED 1 G EACH OF CEPHRADINE (I) & CEPHALEXIN (II) EVERY 4 HR FOR 7 DOSES & 5 RECEIVED 2 G EVERY 6 HR FOR 5 DOSES. PEAK SERUM LEVELS FOR I & II WERE 29 & 35 UG/ML, RESPECTIVELY, FOLLOWING 1 G & 45-50 UG/ML FOLLOWING 2 G.

Cephalosporins are primarily excreted by the kidney ... . /Cephalosporins/

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for CEPHRADINE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

AFTER SUITABLY PROTECTING AMINO GROUP, D-2-PHENYL-GLYCINE IS CONVERTED TO BENZOATE ESTER WHICH IS THEN CONDENSED WITH 7-AMINODESACETOXYCEPHALOSPORANIC ACID WITH AID OF TRIETHYLAMINE. CLEAVAGE OF AMINO-PROTECTING GROUP WITH ACID YIELDS CEPHRADINE.

A SEMISYNTHETIC CEPHALOSPORIN.

D-alpha-phenylglycine + 7-amino-3-desacetoxycephalosporanic acid (Birch reduction/Dane salt formation/amide formation/hydrolysis)