| GHS 분류 | WarningH302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P203, P260, P261, P263, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P318, P319, P330, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory. |
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| 규제 정보 | Hazard Traits - Developmental Toxicity4H-Imidazo1,5-a1,4benzodiazepine, 8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-, monohydrochloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right. |
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| Hazard Classes and Categories | Acute Tox. 4 (100%) |
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| Treatment | Treatment of midazolam overdosage is the same as that followed for overdosage with other benzodiazepines. Respiration, pulse rate and blood pressure should be monitored and general supportive measures should be employed. Attention should be given to the maintenance of a patent airway and support of ventilation, including administration of oxygen. Should hypotension develop, treatment may include intravenous fluid therapy, repositioning, judicious use of vasopressors appropriate to the clinical situation, if indicated, and other appropriate counter-measures. Gastrointestinal decontamination with lavage and/or activated charcoal once the patient's airway is secure is also recommended. Flumazenil, a specific benzodiazepine-receptor antagonist, is indicated for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of midazolam and may be used in situations when an overdose with a benzodiazepine is known or suspected. (L1712) |
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| 건강 영향 | They cause slurred speech, disorientation and "drunken" behavior. They are physically and psychologically addictive. |
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| 노출 경로 | Rapidly absorbed after oral administration. The absolute bioavailability of the midazolam syrup in pediatric patients is about 36%. The absolute bioavailability, if given intramuscularly (IM), is greater than 90%.
Cmax, IM = 90 ng/mLTmax, IM = 0.5 hours.
Following IM administered, Cmax for midazolam and its 1-hydroxy metabolite were approxiately one-half of those achieved after intravenous injection. |
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| 독성 요약 | It is thought that the actions of benzodiazepines such as midazolam are mediated through the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is one of the major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain. Benzodiazepines increase the activity of GABA, thereby producing a calming effect, relaxing skeletal muscles, and inducing sleep. Benzodiazepines act as agonists at the benzodiazepine receptors, which form a component of the benzodiazepine-GABA receptor-chloride ionophore complex. Most anxiolytics appear to act through at least one component of this complex to enhance the inhibitory action of GABA. |
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| Carcinogen Classification | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
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| Drug Induced Liver Injury | Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)Midazolam hydrochloridevNo-DILI-concernNo matchDOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015 |
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| Toxicity Data | LD50: 825 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) |
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