Huagongshe화공사 화학 정보 인쇄 보고서 · 연구 참고용
피페라진
피페라진 · 피페라진,무수 · 1,4-다이아자사이클로헥세인 · 1,4-다이에틸렌다이아민 · 1,4-피페라진 · 피라진 헥사하이드라이드 · 피라진, 헥사하이드로- · 헥사하이드로피라진
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 110-85-0 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | C4H10N2 |
| 평균 분자량 | 86.14 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 86.08439832 g/mol |
| SMILES | C1CNCCN1 |
| InChIKey | GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 4837 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1412 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:28568 |
| EC No. | 203-808-3 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID1021164 |
| 현지명 | 피페라진 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| XLogP | -1.5 |
|---|---|
| 극성 표면적 | 24.1 |
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 2 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 2 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 0 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 6 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 26.5 |
| 물질 분류 | Nitrogen Compounds -> PiperazinesCorrosives |
| PFAS | PFAS -> Other/unspecified |
| 의약품 | DEA NFLIS-Drug Category -> Piperazines (Hallucinogen)Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15 |
| pH | pH = 10.8-11.8 (10% aqueous solution)11.0-12.5 (25℃, 0.1M in H2O) |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum |
| LogP(분배 계수) | log Kow = -1.50-0.8-1.17 |
| 냄새 | Typical amine odorAMMONIACAL ODOR디프로필렌 글리콜 중 0.10%. 암모니아의 |
| 맛 | Salty taste |
| 식품 첨가물 | FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT -> FDA Substance added to food |
| 밀도 | 1.1 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than waterwill sink1.1 g/cu cm1.1 g/cm³Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 11.45 @ 113°C1,1 g/cm3 |
| 향미제 | EU Flavoring substances |
| Color/Form | Plates or leaflets from ethanolWHITE TO SLIGHTLY OFF-WHITE LUMPS OR FLAKESColorless, transparent, needle-like crystals |
| 녹는점 | 109-112 °C (lit.) |
| 끓는 점 | 145-146 °C (lit.) |
| 증기압 | 0.8 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| 굴절률 | 1.4460 |
| FEMA | 4250 | PIPERAZINE |
| 인화점 | 65 °C |
| 저장 조건 | Store below +30°C. |
| 용해도 | H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, 투명, 무색 |
| pKa(산도 계수) | 9.83(at 23℃) |
| 물리적 상태 | 플레이크 크리스탈 |
| 색상 | 흰색에서 약간 노란색 |
| 폭발한계 | 14% |
| 향취 유형 | 암모니아의 |
| 생물학적 소스 | rabbit |
| 용해도 | 150g/L(20℃) |
| JECFA Number | 1615 |
| Merck | 14,7464 |
| BRN | 102555 |
| 헨리 상수 | 4.5×103 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Nguyen (2013) |
| 안정성 | 안정적인. 흡습성. 빛에 민감합니다. 가연성. 강한 산화제와 호환되지 않습니다. |
| InChI | 1S/C4H10N2/c1-2-6-4-3-5-1/h5-6H,1-4H2 |
| InChIKey | GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | C1CNCCN1 |
| LogP(분배 계수) | -1.24 at 20-25℃ |
| NIST | Piperazine(110-85-0) |
| EPA | Piperazine (110-85-0) |
화학적 성질
Piperazine is white to cream-colored needles or powder. Characteristic ammonia-like odor. Combustible solids that do not easily ignite.
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | DangerH314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P318, P321, P333+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P363, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: PiperazineHazard Traits - Respiratory ToxicityCommission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 (Repealed by Com. Implementing Reg. (EU) No 872/2012)Piperazine is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Piperazine are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 22-02-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14941Piperazine: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - Piperazine: Human health tier II assessment |
| 운송 라벨(DOT) | Corrosive |
| 화재 위험 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 65 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed. |
| 화재 가능성 | Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. |
| 건강 유해성 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVEinhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. |
| 유해성 요약 | Corrosive to skin[Quick CPC] A corrosive substance that can cause pulmonary edemaMay cause skin sensitization and asthma after prolonged contactMay cause CNS injury if ingested in large amounts[ICSC] Salts include dihydrochloride, hexahydrate, citrate, phosphate, propionate, adipate, tartrate, quinate, and sebacate. TLV Basis = respiratory sensitization and asthmaA 1% to 5% solution caused necrosis of the rabbit corneaNot genotoxic or mutagenicNo teratogenic effects at doses not maternally toxicCauses tremors and ataxia at doses >45 mg/kg in dogs and catsNOAEL = 25 mg/kg/day for liver toxicity in dogs[ACGIH] Causes burnsInhalation of high concentrations may produce acute pneumonitis and pulmonary edema[MSDSonline] See Piperazine dihydrochloride. |
| 운송 번호 및 가이드(DOT) | 2579 153 |
| FDA 요건 | Piperazine is an indirect food additive for use as a component of adhesives.Oral dosage form new animal drug. Piperazine citrate capsules. ...Specifications. Piperazine citrate capsules contain piperazine citrate equivalent to 140 milligrams of piperazine base in each capsule. ... Conditions of use. (1) It is used in dogs and cats for the removal of large roundworms (Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina). /Piperazine citrate/Oral dosage form new animal drug. Piperazine phosphate capsules. ... Specifications. Each capsule contains 120, 300, or 600 milligrams of piperazine phosphate monohydrate. ... Indications for use: (i) Dogs. It is used for the removal of large roundworms (ascarids) Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina. (ii) Cats. It is used for the removal of large roundworms (ascarids) Toxocara mystax and Toxacaris leonina. /Piperazine phosphate/Oral dosage form new animal drug. Piperazine suspension. ... Specifications. Each milliliter of suspension contains piperazine monohydrochloride equivalent to 33.5 milligrams (mg) piperazine base. ... Conditions of use in dogs-(1) Indications for use. For the removal of roundworms (Toxocara canisand Toxascaris leonina).For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for PIPERAZINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 반응성 그룹 | Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines |
| EC 분류 | Symbol: CR: 34-42/43-52/53S: (1/2)-22-26-36/37/39-45-61 |
| UN 분류 | UN Hazard Class: 8UN Pack Group: III |
| 소화 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. |
| 응급 조치 | Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for at least 15 minutes. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention . |
| 누출 비상 조치 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| 응급 처치 | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.General First Aid: |
| 안전 보관 | Separated from strong acids, strong oxidants, acid anhydrides, metals and food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed. |
| 노출 관리 및 개인 보호 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). |
| 소화 절차 | Piperazine is a combustible liquid. Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol foam extinguishers. Piperazine may burn, but does not readily ignite. Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Poisonous gases including nitrogen oxides and hydrogen chloride (hydrochloride) are produced in fire. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. Containers may explode in fire. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156.If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. |
| 보관 조건 | Piperazine must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers (such as perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates, and nitrates) since violent reactions occur. . Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where piperazine is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well vented area away form oxidizers. Where possible, automatically transfer material from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Wherever this chemical is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings.Store below 40 °C (104 °F), preferably between 15 and 30 °C (59 and 86 °F), in a well-closed container, unless otherwise specified by manufacturer. /Piperazine adipate granules for oral solution/Store below 40 °C (104 °F), preferably between 15 and 30 °C (59 and 86 °F), in a well-closed container, unless otherwise specified by manufacturer. Protect from freezing. /Piperazine adipate oral suspension/Store below 40 °C (104 °F), preferably between 15 and 30 °C (59 and 86 °F). Store in a tight container.For more Storage Conditions (Complete) data for PIPERAZINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 정리 방법 | Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable. |
| 비화재 누출 대응 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: |
| 처리 방법 | SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. |
| 누출 처리 | Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Ventilation. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| 상호 작용 | In mice, doses of about 625 mg piperazine base/kg bw (6,250 mg/kg feed( was administered for 28 weeks together with 0.1% nitrite in the drinking water. After an additional period of 12 weeks on a basal diet without piperazine and nitrite, a 10 fold increase in numbers of lung adenomas vs control numbers was observed. MIce receiving piperazine alone during the same time period showed afterwards no increase in tumor incidence.In a different study an increased frequency of lung adenomas in mice was seen when oral doses corresponding to 1,250 mg piperazine/kg bw/day plus 5 mg sodium nitrite/kg bw/day or 138 mg piperazine/kg bw/day plus 200 mg sodium nitrite/kg bw/day were given. Doses of 1,250 mg piperazine.kg bw.day plus 1 mg sodium nitrite/kg bw/day did not result in any increased tumor frequency. In rats receiving 30 mg piperazing/kg bw/day plus 70 mg (0.05%) nitrite daily for 75 weeks there was no increase in tumor incidence.High doses of piperazine may enhance the effects of chlorpromazine and increase the risk of seizuresconcurrent use is not recommended.Pyrantel may antagonize the anthelmintic effect of piperazine |
| 환경 거동 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.6(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -1.50(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that piperazine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Measured pKa values of 9.73 (first nitrogen) and 5.33 (second nitrogen)(4) indicate that piperazine will exist primarily in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of piperazine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) since cations do not volatilize. Piperazine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.16 mm Hg(6). Piperazine may biodegrade in soil based on greater than 51% biodegradation measured after 28 days in a artificial river water total organic carbon (TOC) die-away testhowever, only 1.4% degradation occurred after 14 days during a MITI screening test(7,8).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.6(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -1.50(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that piperazine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). However, measured pKa values of 9.73 (first nitrogen) and 5.33 (second nitrogen)(4) indicate piperazine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and cations adsorb to suspended solids and sediment more strongly than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of piperazine from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process since cations do not volatilize. According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF range of less than 0.3-0.9(7) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Piperazine may biodegrade in water based on greater than 51% biodegradation measured after 28 days in a artificial river water total organic carbon (TOC) die-away testATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), piperazine, which has a vapor pressure of 0.16 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase piperazine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.3 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.7X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Piperazine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4). |
| 유해 작용 | Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin |
| 노출 경로 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion. |
| Milk Concentrations | EXPERIMENTAL: Piperazine is thought to be distributed into breast milk but no definitive information is available. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Wheezing.Skin burns. Pain. Blisters.Redness. Pain. Severe burns.Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting. Headache. Weakness. Convulsions. Shock or collapse. |
| ICSC Environmental Data | This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to fish. |
| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | The Koc of piperazine is estimated as 3.6(SRC), using a log Kow of -1.50(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that piperazine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. Measured pKa values of 9.73 (first nitrogen) and 5.33 (second nitrogen)(4), indicate that this compound will primarily exist in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). |
| Atmospheric Concentrations | An ambient piperazine concentration of 10-60 ng/cu m in air has been reported(1).URBAN/SUBURBAN: The concentrations of piperazine measured in submicron aerosol (less than 1-2 um) of Pasedina, California were 0.02, 0.02, 0.05, and 0.06 ug/cu m in 1985, 1986, 1987, and 1988, respectively(1). Piperazine was not detected in supermicron aerosol (greater than 1-2 um) samples collected during 1985, 1986, or 1988(1). The concentration measured in supermicron aerosol during 1987 was 0.01 ug/cu m(1). |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ After treatment of a four-year-old child for 3 days with 100 mg/kg bw piperazine hexahydrate (44 mg/kg b.w. piperazine base), severe asthenia, tottering gait, poor balance, extreme muscular weakness, and EEG changes developed. This first case caused the clinic to investigate all children under treatment with piperazine. In 10 out of 11 children treated with piperazine (hexa) hydrate 80 mg/kg bw (35 mg/kg bw piperazine base) per day for five days, abnormal EEG changes were noted that were similar to those previously described in the literature (i.e. continuous bilateral spikes and polyspikes and high-voltage waves interspaced with slow-wave activity). Only one of the children was reported to suffer from clinical abnormality that could cause confounding (enlarged liver due to chronic cardiac failure). Upon repeated treatment, after normalization of the EEG, of 6 of the children with piperazine hydrate at the same dose together with 1 mg/kg bw prednisone per day the EEG changes either did not appear, or were reported to be less pronounced.[European CommissionEUR 21642 EN European Union Risk Assessment Report Piperazine, Volume 56. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities (2005). Available from, as of November 15, 2006: http://ecb.jrc.it/DOCUMENTS/Existing-Chemicals/RISK_ASSESSMENT/REPORT/piperazinereport324.pdf]/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Besides asthma, chronic exposure to piperazine has been found to induce chronic bronchitis. The over-all prevalence of bronchitis among the Swedish workers involved in piperazine production and processing was found to be around 16%, exhibiting a clear dose-response relationship.[European Commission/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Transient side effects have been observed which include headaches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, tremor, incoordination, muscular weakness, urticaria, and vague ocular disturbances. There is a wide range between effective therapeutic and toxic doses. Piperazine (in salt form) has been used without ill effect during pregnancy. /Piperazine salts/[Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982., p. 2692]/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Therapeutic doses do not usually cause adverse effects, but nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and allergic reactions may develop. With larger doses, as in inadvertent overdosage or when the drug accumulates in the presence of renal insufficiency, muscular incoordination or weakness, vertigo, dysphasia, confusion, and myoclonic contraction have been reported. These effect usually disappear when the drug is discontinued. Piperazine citrate may induce or exacerbate epileptic seizures in predisposed patients. /Piperazine citrate/[American Medical Association, Council on Drugs. AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1994. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association, 1994., p. 1754]For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PIPERAZINE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Artificial Pollution Sources | Piperazine's production and use as an anthelmintic in human and veterinary medicine and as an intermediate for dyes, corrosion inhibitors, rubber vulcanization accelerators, insecticides, and surfactants(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). |
| Environmental Biodegradation | AEROBIC: Piperazine, present at 100 mg/L, reached 1.4% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(1). In a total organic carbon (TOC) die-away test, piperazine, at an initial concentration of 36 ppm, was degraded by greater than 51% after 28 days in 3 out of 4 artificial river water inocula containing river water microorganisms collected in both spring and autumn(2). Only 0-15% biodegradation occured after 28 days in the fourth inoculum, which contained river water microorganisms collected during the spring(2). Piperazine, at 20 ppm, was degraded by 20% in river water and 77% in sea water after 3 days using the cultivation method(3).ANAEROBIC: Piperazine at a concentration of 1.0 mM and incubated in freshwater sediment, activated sludge, and estuarine sediment was not degraded after 6 months under denitrifying, sulfate reducing, or methanogenic conditions(1). |
| 대기 기준 | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Piperazine is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. |
| 수질 위해 등급(WGK) | 1 |
| TSCA 등재 상태 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 번호 | TK7800000 |
| 운송 번호(UN) | UN 2579 |
| 독성 | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 2600 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit 8300 mg/kg |
| 관세 코드 | 2933 59 95 |
| 위험 문구(R) | 34-42/43-52/53-62-52-63 |
| 위험 표시 | C,Xn |
| 안전 문구(S) | 22-26-36/37/39-45-61 |
| 포장분류 | III |
| 위험 등급 | 8Eye Dam. 1Flam. Sol. 1Repr. 2Resp. Sens. 1BSkin Corr. 1BSkin Sens. 1B |
| 기존화학 물질 | KE-28758 |
| F 고인화성물질 | 3-8-23 |
| 위험 참고 사항 | Harmful/Corrosive |
| 저장 분류 | 4.1B - Flammable solid hazardous materials |
| 유해 물질 데이터 | 110-85-0(Hazardous Substances Data) |
용도
개요
Piperazine is contained in pyrazinobutazone, an equimolecular sah of piperazine and phenylbutazone. Among occupational cases, most were reported in the pharmaceutical industry or laboratory, in nurses and in veterinarians.
용도
Labelled Piperazine
일반 설명
Needle-like white or colorless crystals. Shipped as a solid or suspended in a liquid medium. Very corrosive to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Solid turns dark when exposed to light. Flash point 190°F. Used as a corrosion inhibitor and as an insecticide.