플루싸이트린에이트

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. /Pyrethrins/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.). Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, toxic/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic/

Do not contaminate water, feed, or food by storage

Pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide topical preparations should be stored in well-closed containers at a temperature less than 40 °C, preferably between 15-30 °C. /Pyrethrins/

Extremely toxic to fish and aquatic organisms. Do not apply directly tl lakes, ponds, or streams. Do not contaminate water by the cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.

Environmental consideration - Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, or cement powder. /Pyrethrins/

Environmental consideration - Water spill: If /pyrethrins/ are dissolved, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount in the region of 10 ppm or greater concn. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Pyrethrins/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Pesticide Disposal: Pesticides that cannot be used according to formulating instructions must be disposed according to Federal, State or local procedures under Subtitle C of RCRA. Container Disposal: Triple rinse or equivanent and offer for recycling or reconditioning or puncture and dispose of at a sanitary landfill following approved Dtate and local procedures.

Incineration would be an effective disposal procedure where permitted. If an efficient incinerator is not available, the product should be mixed with large amounts of combustible material and contact with the smoke should be avoided. /Pyrethrin products/

Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling and before eating or smoking. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Harmful if inhaled. Avoid breathing vapor or spray mist.

Use with adequate ventilation, and wear goggles or a face shield when handling.

Avoid eye, skin, clothing contact. May be fatal if swallowed or absorbed through skin; ... Use with adequate ventilation... Wash thoroughly after handling.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for FLUCYTHRINATE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where /pyrethroids/ ... may contact the eyes. /Pyrethroids/

Employees should be provided with and be required to use impervious clothing, gloves, and face shields (eight-inch minimum). /Pyrethroids/

Wear protective clothing and rubber gloves.

Wear appropriate equipment to prevent: Repeated or prolonged skin contact. /Pyrethrum and pyrethrins/

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for FLUCYTHRINATE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Following oral exposure, the treatment is symptomatic and supportive and includes monitoring for the development of hypersensitivity reactions with respiratory distress. Provide adequate airway management when needed. Gastric decontamination is usually not required unless the pyrethrin product is combined with a hydrocarbon. Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. In case of eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. If the contamination occurs through dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. Vitamin E topical application is highly effective in relieving parenthesis. (T36)

Piperonyl butoxide potentiates /insecticidal activity/ of pyrethrins by inhibiting the hydrolytic enzymes responsible for pyrethrins' metabolism in arthropods. When piperonyl butoxide is combined with pyrethrins, the insecticidal activity of the latter drug is increased 2-12 times /Pyrethrins/

At dietary level of 1000 ppm pyrethrins & 10000 ppm piperonyl butoxide ... /enlargement, margination, & cytoplasmic inclusions in liver cells of rats/ were well developed in only 8 days, but ... were not maximal. Changes were proportional to dosage & similar to those produced by DDT. Effects of the 2 materials were additive. /Pyrethrins/

Male Sprague-Dawley rats dosed with N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) 24 hr after two-thirds partial hepatectomy were treated with t... flucythrinate ... in the diet for 20 weeks. Altered hepatic foci were analyzed by quantitative stereology from paraffin-embedded sections stained for gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) or glutathione S-transferase P (GST-P)... /and flucythrinate enhanced/ ...the development of NDEA-initiated, GGT-positive foci in rat liver at non-hepatotoxic doses. On the contrary, the volume fractions of GST-P-positive foci were not elevated as compared to the control group. /Flucythrinate/ ... inhibited the transfer of Lucifer Yellow CH between WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells in culture, supporting the increase of GGT-positive foci and suggesting that these substances can act as tumour promoters. The discrepancy between the results from analyses using GGT or GST-P as markers emphasizes the importance of understanding the mechanism underlying the expression of different markers for preneoplastic lesions and the importance of such effects in tumor promotion.

At high doses, signs of poisoning attributable to flucythrinate include profuse salivation and pulmonary edema, clonic seizures, opisthotonos (i.e., the spine is bent forward such that a supine body rests on its head and heels), coma, and death. At lower doses, commonly observed effects include paresthesia and erythema. (L863)

LD50 /Anas platyrhynchos/ (Mallard duck) oral >2510 mg/kg

LD50 /Colinus virginianus/ (Bobwhite quail) oral 2708 mg/kg

LC50 /Anas platyrhynchos/ (Mallard duck) dietary 4885 mg/kg diet/8 day

LC50 /Colinus virginianus/ (Bobwhite quail) dietary 3443 mg/kg diet/8 day

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for FLUCYTHRINATE (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 56,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 6.2(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that flucythrinate is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of flucythrinate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.6X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 8.7X10-9 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.06 mg/L(4). Flucythrinate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Laboratory tests have shown that flucythrinate photodegrades on glass and plant surfaces(5). A degradation of 28.6 and 45.6% in 6 weeks using a commerce silt loam soil under dry conditions and amended with organic matter, respectively(6), indicates that biodegradation may not be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). A field study measured flucythrinate half-lives of 9.4-11.9 days in an agricultural soil(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 56,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 6.20(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that flucythrinate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.6X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 8.7X10-9 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.06 mg/L(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 12,000(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). Flucythrinate is rapidly hydrolyzed in water under alkaline conditions, but more slowly under neutral or acidic conditions(7). Reported hydrolysis half-lives at 27 °C are about 40 days at pH 3, 52 days at pH 5, and 6.3 days at pH 9(8). A half-life of about 16 days in sediment and seawater collected from a salt marsh(8) suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), flucythrinate, which has a vapor pressure of 8.7X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase flucythrinate may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Flucythrinate absorbs light strongly at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Flucythrinate was not detected as part of the Danish National Pesticide Monitoring Program for January 1995 through December 1996 sampling of 4,182 food samples(1). It was not detected in brown rice, potato, cabbage, lettuce, carrot, cucumber, shiitake, apple, strawberry, and banana samples in Japan, detection limit 0.01 ppm(2). Flucythrinate was not detected on 710 domestic and 949 imported pears nor 1219 domestic and 114 imported tomatoes sampled in 1992-1993, as part of the US Food and Drug Administration Pesticide Program(3).

Pyrethroids exert their effect by prolonging the open phase of the sodium channel gates when a nerve cell is excited. They appear to bind to the membrane lipid phase in the immediate vicinity of the sodium channel, thus modifying the channel kinetics. This blocks the closing of the sodium gates in the nerves, and thus prolongs the return of the membrane potential to its resting state. The repetitive (sensory, motor) neuronal discharge and a prolonged negative afterpotential produces effects quite similar to those produced by DDT, leading to hyperactivity of the nervous system which can result in paralysis and/or death. Other mechanisms of action of pyrethroids include antagonism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition, modulation of nicotinic cholinergic transmission, enhancement of noradrenaline release, and actions on calcium ions. (T18, L857)

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Data on the acute and chronic toxicities of permethrin, fenvalerate, cypermethrin and flucythrinate to marine invertebrates and fish are reviewed. Generally, crustaceans are more sensitive than fish; oysters are comparatively insensitive. The mysid Mysidopsis bahia consistently is among the most sensitive crustaceans tested, with 96-hr LC50s of <0.02 ug/L for permethrin and of <0.01 ug/L for fenvalerate, cypermethrin and flucythrinate. The potential for chronic toxicity to fish is minimal for permethrin, moderate for fenvalerate and relatively great for flucythrinate.

Following dermal exposure to flucythrinate, feelings of numbness, itching, burning, stinging, tingling, or warmth may occur, that could last for a few hours. Dizziness, headache, nausea, muscle twitching, reduced energy, and changes in awareness can result from inhalation or ingestion of large amounts of flucythrinate. Paralysis can occur after exposure. (L857)

Initial medical screening: Employees should be screened for history of certain medical conditions ... which might place the employee at increased risk from /pyrethroid/ exposure. Chronic respiratory disease: In persons with chronic respiratory disease, especially asthma, the inhalation of /pyrethroids/ might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its sensitizing properities. Skin disease: /Pyrethroids/ can cause dermatitis which may be allergic in nature. Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent. Any employee developing the above-listed conditions should be referred for further medical examination. /Pyrethrum/

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Flucythrinate is found on List B. Case No: 2290; Pesticide type: Insecticide; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered ... The case /is characterized/ as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.; Active ingredient (AI): (+-)-flucythrinate; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Used as insecticide, acaricide, and food additive; [HSDB]

Cancelled--no longer registered as a pesticide for use in the US; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For flucythrinate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 118301) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Pyrethroid ester acaricide and insecticide /SRP: Former in USA/

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Flucythrinate (technical grade) as Class IB: highly hazardous; Main Use: insecticide.

Synthetic pyrethroid insecticide with contact and stomach poison activity.

/Pyrethroids/ are modern synthetic insecticides similar chemically to natural pyrethrins, but modified to increase stability in the natural environment. /Pyrethroids/

(1995) Food tolerances for residues removed /US/