(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol

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Rosin, formerly called colophony, is a solid form of resin obtained from several pine trees extensively found in Asia, Europe and North America and to a lesser extent from other conifers conifers. It is prepared by cutting a long slice in the tree to allow exudation and to collect the liquid resin in containers. Afterwards the liquid resin is steam heated to remove volatile terpene and turpentine and leaving gum rosin as residue. It is semi-transparent and varies in color from yellow to black. It chiefly consists of different organic acids, among those abietic acid (C19H29COOH) is the most important. Rosin is a brittle and friable resin, with a faint piney odor; the melting-point varies with different specimens, some being semi-fluid at the temperature of boiling water, while others melt between 100°C to 120°C. It is very flammable, burning with a smoky flame. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene and chloroform. Rosin combines with caustic alkalis to yield salts called rosinates or pinates that are known as rosin soaps. In addition to its extensive use in soap making, rosin is largely employed in making inferior varnishes, sealing-wax and various adhesives.