리놀렌산

6.46

6.46

less than 1 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.000124

446 °F at 17 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

231

11.7 °F (NTP, 1992)

-16.5

-16.5 °C

0.05 mmHg at 257 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.00000054 [mmHg]

Linolenic acid is a clear colorless liquid. (NTP, 1992)

Liquid; Other Solid

Colorless liquid; [Merck Index]

Liquid

2122；2102；2120；2113；2115

2158.9；2143；2154；2134；2143；2099；2162；2159；2107；2116；2116；2127.9

3292；3292；3300；3250

173.8 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Sample Type: Human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); Dataset: Unambiguous Lipids]

174.88 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT; Method: stepped-field]

174.53 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT; Method: stepped-field]

173.07 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT; Method: single field calibrated with Agilent tune mix (Agilent)]；170.7 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT; Method: single field calibrated with Agilent tune mix (Agilent)]

170.9 Ų [M+Na]+；174.6 Ų [M-H]-；173.9 Ų [M-H]-

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 87.2% (2010 of 2305) of all reports.

Warning

H317 (10.4%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

P261, P272, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2305 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.；Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 2010 of 2305 reports by companies.；There are 8 notifications provided by 295 of 2305 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).；Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Chemical: 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-

9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (9Z,12Z,15Z)- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (9Z,12Z,15Z)- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (9Z,12Z,15Z)-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

SYMPTOMS: Exposure to this compound may cause blurred vision, coughing, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, respiratory distress, skin burns and irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. It may also cause decreased fibrinogen levels and increased platelet adhesiveness.；ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound may cause irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. It may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. When heated to decomposition it may emit toxic fumes of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.；SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.；INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.；INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.；STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should keep this material in a tightly closed container under an inert atmosphere, protect it from all oxidizing materials, and store it at refrigerated temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that the following ingredients are safe in the present practices of use andconcentration described in the safety assessment when formulated to be non-irritating and non-sensitizing, which may be basedon a QRA...Linolenic Acid...

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

Alpha Linolenic Acid or ALA is considered an essential fatty acid because it is required for human health, but cannot be synthesized by humans. It is in fact a plant-derived fatty acid. Humans can synthesize other omega-3 fatty acids from ALA, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). EPA is a precursor of the series-3 prostaglandins, the series-5 leukotrienes and the series-3 thromboxanes. These eicosanoids have anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. ALA metabolites may also inhibit the production of the pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). Omega-3 fatty acids like ALA and its byproducts can modulate the expression of a number of genes, including those involved with fatty acid metabolism and inflammation. They regulate gene expression through their effects on the activity of transcription factors including NF-kappa B and members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family. Incorporation of ALA and its metabolites in cell membranes can affect membrane fluidity and may play a role in anti-inflammatory activity, inhibition of platelet aggregation and possibly in anti-proliferative actions of ALA. ALA is first metabolized by delta6 desaturease into steridonic acid.

Chemical: 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-

9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (9Z,12Z,15Z)- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (9Z,12Z,15Z)- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (9Z,12Z,15Z)-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Alpha Linolenic Acid (ALA) is an 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid with three double bonds. It is also called an omega-3 fatty acid, and is essential for all mammals. Alpha-linolenic acid (or omega 3 fatty acid) intake can decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases by 1) preventing arrhythmias that can lead to sudden cardiac death, 2) decreasing the risk of thrombosis (blood clot formation) that can lead to heart attack or stroke, 3) decreasing serum triglyceride levels, 4) slowing the growth of atherosclerotic plaque, 5) improving vascular endothelial function, 6) lowering blood pressure slightly, and 7) decreasing inflammation. ALA deficiencies can lead to visual problems and sensory neuropathy. Scaly and hemorrhagic skin or scalp inflammations may also develop.

Alpha Linolenic Acid or ALA is considered an essential fatty acid because it is required for human health, but cannot be synthesized by humans. It is in fact a plant-derived fatty acid. Humans can synthesize other omega-3 fatty acids from ALA, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). EPA is a precursor of the series-3 prostaglandins, the series-5 leukotrienes and the series-3 thromboxanes. These eicosanoids have anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. ALA metabolites may also inhibit the production of the pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). Omega-3 fatty acids like ALA and its byproducts can modulate the expression of a number of genes, including those involved with fatty acid metabolism and inflammation. They regulate gene expression through their effects on the activity of transcription factors including NF-kappa B and members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family. Incorporation of ALA and its metabolites in cell membranes can affect membrane fluidity and may play a role in anti-inflammatory activity, inhibition of platelet aggregation and possibly in anti-proliferative actions of ALA. ALA is first metabolized by delta6 desaturease into steridonic acid.

CIR ingredient: Linolenic Acid

Essential fatty acid; Found in most drying oils; Used as a nutrient; [Merck Index] Used in biochemical research, drying oils, and cosmetics; [NTP]

Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides) [Category: Paint]

For nutritional supplementation and for treating dietary shortage or imbalance.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Surfactants

Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern

Fragrance Ingredients

Cosmetics -> Surfactant; Cleansing; Emollient; Antistatic; Skin conditioning; Hair conditioning

Plastics Product Manufacturing；All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing；Miscellaneous Manufacturing；Paper Manufacturing；Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing

9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (9Z,12Z,15Z)-: ACTIVE