Huagongshe화공사 화학 정보 인쇄 보고서 · 연구 참고용
염화칼슘
염화석회 · 우르아민MC · 칼슘이염화물CALCOSAN · 칼코산 · 염화칼슘 · 염화칼슘(건조용) · 클로로칼슘 · 칼슘이염화물
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 10043-52-4 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | CaCl2 |
| 평균 분자량 | 110.98 g/mol |
| SMILES | [Ca+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] |
| InChIKey | UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
| PubChem CID | 5284359 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1200668 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:3312 |
| EC No. | 233-140-8 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID5020235 |
| 현지명 | 염화칼슘 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| 극성 표면적 | 0 |
|---|---|
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 2 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 0 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 3 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 0 |
| 물질 분류 | Metals -> Metals, Inorganic Compounds |
| 화장품 | Viscosity controlling |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | dielectric constant |
| 농약 | Fungicides, Plant Growth RegulatorsActive substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved |
| 냄새 | ODORLESS |
| 맛 | Taste threshold ... in potable water is 150-350 ppm ... however ... concentrations as low as 50 ppm can be ojectionable |
| 밀도 | 2.15 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink2.15 g/cu cm at 25 °CHygroscopic granules, flakes or powder. Apparent (bulk) density: 0.835. Freely soluble in water, alcohol /Calcium chloride dihydrate/Density (at 25 °C): 2.2 g/cm³2.152 @25 °C1.086 g/mL at 20 °C |
| Viscosity | In 40.0% aqueous solution, 8.997 mPa.s at 20 °C |
| Color/Form | White cubic crystals or powderCubic crystals, granules or fused massesWhite .. lumps of flakes |
| 용해도 | Soluble in water and in ethanolSoluble in methyl carbonate and acetic acidVery soluble in ethanolFreely soluble in water with liberation of much heat81.3 g/100 g water at 25 °CH2O: 용해성 |
| Human Drugs | FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient |
| 끓는 점 | 1935 °C1670 °C1935 °C @760 [mm Hg]1935 °C/1 atm (lit.) |
| 녹는점 | 772 °C (lit.) |
| 증기압 | 0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| 굴절률 | n20/D 1.358 |
| 인화점 | >1600°C |
| 저장 조건 | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| 물리적 상태 | 가루 |
| 색상 | 흰색에서 회색으로 |
| 비중 | 2.15 |
| Flame Color | Redish |
| pH | 8-10 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| 용해도 | 740 g/L (20 ºC) |
| 비열 | Cp(crystal): 0.66 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 14,1659 |
| 안정성 | 안정적인. 아연, 물, 강산, 메틸 비닐 에테르, 삼불화 브롬, 산화 붕소, 산화 칼슘과 혼합되지 않습니다. 흡습성. |
| 화장품 원료 기능 | 점도 조절수렴제 |
| InChI | 1S/Ca.2ClH/h2*1H/q+2/p-2 |
| InChIKey | UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
| SMILES | [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca++] |
| NIST | Calcium dichloride(10043-52-4) |
| EPA | Calcium chloride (10043-52-4) |
화학적 성질
Calcium chloride, CaC12, is colorless deliquescent solid that is soluble in water and ethanol. It is formed from the reaction of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid or calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride. It is used in medicine, as an antifreeze, and as a coagulant.
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | WarningH319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]P264+P265, P280, P305+P351+P338, and P337+P317 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.3% (12 of 3505) of reports.H319 (99.7%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation] |
|---|---|
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: Calcium chloride (CaCl2)Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 (amended)Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 (amended)Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Calcium chloride (CaCl2) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 01-12-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/33144Calcium chloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - Calcium chloride (CaCl2): Environment tier I assessment |
| 화재 위험 | Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
| 건강 유해성 | Inhalation causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes (particularly by dust) causes irritation and possible transient corneal injury. Contact of solid with dry skin causes mild irritationstrong solutions can cause marked irritation, even a superficial burn. (USCG, 1999) |
| 유해성 요약 | A skin and respiratory tract irritantMay cause ulcerations to nasal mucous membranesMay cause dry skin and redness[ICSC] A skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritantMay cause lacrimation[HSDB] May cause serious damage to eyes[CHEMINFO] A severe irritant that may cause burns[MSDSonline] See Calcium. |
| FDA 요건 | Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).Calcium chloride used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.Calcium chloride used as a sequestrant in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, including calcium chloride, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. |
| 반응성 그룹 | Salts, Acidic |
| EC 분류 | Symbol: XiR: 36S: (2)-22-24 |
| Special Reports | Environment CanadaTech Info for Problem Spills: Calcium Chloride (Draft) (1981) |
| EPA Safer Chemical | Chemical: Calcium chloride, anhydrous |
| FIFRA 요건 | Residues of calcium chloride are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals. Use: stabilizer. Limit: none.Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (b) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Dairy processing equipment, and food-processing equipment and utensils. Calcium chloride is included on this list. Limit: When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 17 ppm.Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (c) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-processing equipment and utensils. Calcium chloride is included on this list. Limit: When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 17 ppm.As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Calcium chloride is found on List D. Case No: 4051Pesticide type: Insecticide (Molluscicide), Fungicide, Herbicide, AntimicrobialCase Status: RED Approved 09/93OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.Active ingredient (AI): Calcium chlorideAI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled." |
| Reactivity Profile | Bromine trifluoride rapidly attacks calcium chloride [Mellor 2 Supp. 1:164, 165 1956]. Long term exposure of calcium chloride solution upon a zinc coated galvanized iron vessel caused slow evolution of hydrogen which ignited and exploded [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995]. |
| 소화 | In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. |
| 응급 조치 | Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention.Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention. |
| 응급 처치 | INHALATION: move to fresh airif discomfort persists, get medical attention. |
| 안전 보관 | Separated from zinc. Dry. Well closed. |
| 소화 절차 | Fire Control: Use water, dry chemical, carbon dioxide or foam to extinguish. Do not extinguish fire unless release can be stopped. Cool fire-exposed containers with water. |
| 보관 조건 | Storage space should be well ventilated.Dry bulk calcium chloride can be stored in bins fabricated from most construction-grade steel materials. Care should be taken to minimize moisture. Venting should be limited to times of filling and discharging calcium chloride from the storage bin.Liquid calcium chloride can be stored in either horizontal or vertical cylindrical tanks constructed of steel. Fiberglass and plastic may also be used within limits of strength and temperature. |
| 정리 방법 | Spill Control: Restrict access to spill site, call fire department and notify manufacturer, stop the flow and contain spill if safe to do so, keep contaminated water from entering sewers or water courses, and avoid contact with liquid and solid.Emergency control Procedures: SoilConstruct barriers to contain spill and remove material by manual or mechanical means. WaterContain by damming, water diversion or natural barriers.When solid calcium chloride is spilled on land, shovel into containers (avoid dusting) for recovery or disposal. |
| 처리 방법 | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.Waste calcium chloride must never be discharged directly into sewers or surface waters. |
| 누출 처리 | Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. |
| Preventive Measures | SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.WHERE POSSIBLE, PROCESSES SHOULD BE MECHANISED & ENCLOSED TO PREVENT DUST FORMATION ... ADEQUATE VENTILATION SHOULD BE INSTALLED TO COLLECT AIRBORNE DUST. ... SMOKING, DRINKING & EATING PROHIBITED @ WORKPLACE. |
| Eye Prevention | Wear safety goggles in combination with breathing protection. |
| Inhalation Risk | A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed. |
| 상호 작용 | In the early growth phase of Sesamum indicum cv. PB-1, the decrease in fresh and dry mass was higher with 1.0 mM Cd2+ than with the same level of Pb2+ and Cu2+. Recovery from the metal stress was considerable in the root fresh weight and almost completely in the root dry weight when 10.0 mM (1.9 EC), calcium chloride was supplied to the growing seedlings along with the metal salts in various combinations. Accumulation of /divalent/ Pb, Cd and Cu was differential to the metals and the plant parts when supplied without or with 10.0 mM calcium chloride. The order of endogenous metal accumulation was Cu Cd Pb and roots accumulated more metal than the leaves in the absence, as well as in the presence, of calcium chloride. Calcium chloride could recover loss of in vivo NRA in roots caused by either of the metal combinations, whereas the salt could recover the loss in leaf NRA caused only by Pb---Cd (1.0 mM each). Response of root and leaf NRA was on the other hand, different when the enzyme was assayed directly using an in vitro assay method, and the salt accelerated the loss in enzyme activity drastically. The organic-N content of root and leaf was, however, increased significantly (p < 0.001) with calcium chloride alone and with the metals supplied in various combinations. /The/ data indicate that instead of a high endogenous accumulation of /divalent/ Cu, Cd and Pb in roots and leaves the metal toxicity is recovered to a great extent in the presence of 10.0 mM calcium chloride in the root environment regarding growth and nitrate reduction of the roots and leaves of young sesame seedlings.Diltiazem is commonly used to treat atrial fibrillation or flutter (AFF) with rapid ventricular response (RVR). Although it is very effective for rate control, up to an 18% prevalence of reported diltiazem-induced hypotension (defined by systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 90 mm Hg), and a mean of 9.7% hypotension have been reported from several studies totaling over 450 patients. This hypotension may complicate therapy. /This study/ objective was to determine if calcium chloride (CaCl2) pre-treatment would blunt a SBP drop after i.v. diltiazem, while allowing diltiazem to maintain its efficacy. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. Seventy-eight patients with AFF and a ventricular rate of > or = 120 beats per minute were enrolled. Half received i.v. CaCl2 pre-treatmentthe other half received placebo. All patients then received i.v. diltiazem in a standard, weight-based dose. A second dose of CaCl2 pre-treatment or placebo and diltiazem was given if clinically indicated for additional rate control. Both CaCl2 and placebo pre-treatment groups had equal lowering of heart rate (p < 0.001). There were no adverse events in the calcium pre-treatment study arm. One patient in the placebo group became paradoxically more tachycardic and apneic after the diltiazem infusion. Although i.v. CaCl2 seems to be equally safe compared to placebo as a pre-treatment in the management of AFF with RVR, /the researchers/ were unable to find a statistically significant blunting of SBP drop with CaCl2 i.v. pre-treatment.Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. plants were grown with NaCl and CaCl2 in order to study the effect of CaCl2 on NaCl-induced oxidative stress in terms of lipid peroxidation (TBARS content), H2O2 content, osmolyte concentration, proline (PRO)-metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant enzyme activities, and indole alkaloid accumulation. The plants were treated with solutions of 80 mM NaCl, 80 mM NaCl with 5 mM CaCl2 and 5 mM CaCl2 alone. Groundwater was used for irrigation of control plants. Plants were uprooted randomly on 90 days after sowing (DAS). NaCl-stressed plants showed increased TBARS, H2O2, glycine betaine (GB) and PRO contents, decreased proline oxidase (PROX) activity, and increased gamma-glutamyl kinase (gamma-GK) activity when compared to control. Addition of CaCl2 to NaCl-stressed plants lowered the PRO concentration by increasing the level of PROX and decreasing the gamma-GK activities. Calcium ions increased the GB contents. CaCl2 appears to confer greater osmoprotection by the additive role with NaCl in GB accumulation. The antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) were increased under salinity and further enhanced due to CaCl2 treatment. The NaCl-with-CaCl2-treated C. roseus plants showed an increase in total indole alkaloid content in shoots and roots when compared to NaCl-treated and untreated plants./This study was conducted/ to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of calcium chloride in a canine model of acute propranolol toxicity. Two minutes after the completion of a propranolol infusion (10 mg/kg), a bolus of 0.125 mL/kg 10% CaCl solution followed by an infusion of 0.375 mL/kg over the next 30 minutes or a bolus and subsequent infusion of an equivalent volume of normal saline solution was administered to each dog. CaCl yielded significant improvements in propranolol-induced decreases in cardiac index and stroke volume compared with saline solution-treated control animals (overall alpha = 0.05). Furthermore, CaCl administration resulted in earlier improvement in propranolol-induced alterations in mean arterial pressure, maximal left ventricular pressure change over time, and peripheral vascular resistance compared with saline solution (overall alpha = 0.05). We observed no difference between treatment groups in response to propranolol-induced bradycardia or QRS-interval prolongation. In this model of acute propranolol toxicity, CaCl therapy improved depressed hemodynamic status, mainly by a positive inotropic action.For more Interactions (Complete) data for CALCIUM CHLORIDE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 생태독성 수치 | EC50Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea)Conditions: freshwater, static, 11.5-14.5 °C, pH 7.2-7.8, dissolved oxygen 5.2-6.5 mg/LConcentration: 573060 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 448700-699000 ug/L)Effect: intoxication, immobilization /total Ca ion/Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age 4 hrConditions: freshwater, static, 25 °CConcentration: 920000 ug/L for 64 hrEffect: intoxication, immobilizationLC50Species: Americamysis bahia (Opossum Shrimp) age 4-5 daysConditions: saltwater, static, 25-27 °C, salinity 10 pptConcentration: 270000 ug/L for 48 hrConditions: saltwater, static, 25-27 °C, salinity 20 pptConcentration: 530000 ug/L for 48 hrFor more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for CALCIUM CHLORIDE (27 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 환경 거동 | In general, the environmental effects of calcium chloride are quite similar to those of rock salt (sodium chloride). |
| 유해 작용 | Dermatotoxin - Skin burns. |
| 노출 경로 | Serious local effects by all routes of exposure. |
| 생태독성 발췌 | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ Rock bass were killed by /calcium chloride/ concentration of 555 mg/L for 168 hr in tap water./PLANTS/ Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. plants were grown with NaCl and CaCl2 in order to study the effect of CaCl2 on NaCl-induced oxidative stress in terms of lipid peroxidation (TBARS content), H2O2 content, osmolyte concentration, proline (PRO)-metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant enzyme activities, and indole alkaloid accumulation. The plants were treated with solutions of 80 mM NaCl, 80 mM NaCl with 5 mM CaCl2 and 5 mM CaCl2 alone. Groundwater was used for irrigation of control plants. Plants were uprooted randomly on 90 days after sowing (DAS). NaCl-stressed plants showed increased TBARS, H2O2, glycine betaine (GB) and PRO contents, decreased proline oxidase (PROX) activity, and increased gamma-glutamyl kinase (gamma-GK) activity when compared to control. Addition of CaCl2 to NaCl-stressed plants lowered the PRO concentration by increasing the level of PROX and decreasing the gamma-GK activities. Calcium ions increased the GB contents. CaCl2 appears to confer greater osmoprotection by the additive role with NaCl in GB accumulation. The antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) were increased under salinity and further enhanced due to CaCl2 treatment. The NaCl-with-CaCl2-treated C. roseus plants showed an increase in total indole alkaloid content in shoots and roots when compared to NaCl-treated and untreated plants./PLANTS/ In the early growth phase of Sesamum indicum cv. PB-1, the decrease in fresh and dry mass was higher with 1.0 mM Cd(2+) than with the same level of Pb(2+) and Cu(2+). Recovery from the metal stress was considerable in the root fresh weight and almost completely in the root dry weight when 10.0 mM (1.9 EC), calcium chloride was supplied to the growing seedlings along with the metal salts in various combinations. Accumulation of Pb(2+), Cd(2+) and Cu(2+) was differential to the metals and the plant parts when supplied without or with 10.0 mM calcium chloride. The order of endogenous metal accumulation was Cu(2+), Cd(2+), Pb(2+) and roots accumulated more metal than the leaves in the absence, as well as in the presence, of calcium chloride. Calcium chloride could recover loss of in vivo NRA in roots caused by either of the metal combinations, whereas the salt could recover the loss in leaf NRA caused only by Pb(2+) - Cd(2+) (1.0 mM each). Response of root and leaf NRA was on the other hand, different when the enzyme was assayed directly using an in vitro assay method, and the salt accelerated the loss in enzyme activity drastically. The organic-N content of root and leaf was, however, increased significantly (p<0.001) with calcium chloride alone and with the metals supplied in various combinations. Our data indicate that instead of a high endogenous accumulation of Cu(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+) in roots and leaves the metal toxicity is recovered to a great extent in the presence of 10.0 mM calcium chloride in the root environment regarding growth and nitrate reduction of the roots and leaves of young sesame seedlings./PLANTS/ The present investigation was conducted to determine whether CaCl2 increases Catharanthus roseus drought tolerance and if such tolerance is correlated with changes in oxidative stress, osmoregulation and indole alkaloid accumulation. C. roseus plants were grown under water deficit environments with or without CaCl2. Drought induced oxidative stress was measured in terms of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and H2O2 contents, osmolyte concentration, proline (PRO) metabolizing enzymes and indole alkaloid accumulation. The plants under pot culture were subjected to 10, 15 and 20 days interval drought (DID) stress and drought stress with 5 mM CaCl2 and 5 mM CaCl2 alone from 30 days after planting (DAP) and regular irrigation was kept as control. The plants were uprooted on 41 DAS (10 DID), 46 DAS (15 DID) and 51 DAS (20 DID). Drought stressed plants showed increased LPO, H2O2, glycine betaine (GB) and PRO contents and decreased proline oxidase (PROX) activity and increased gamma-glutamyl kinase (gamma-GK) activity when compared to control. Addition of CaCl2 to drought stressed plants lowered the PRO concentration by increasing the level of PROX and decreasing the gamma-GK activities. Calcium ions increased the GB contents. CaCl2 appears to confer greater osmoprotection by the additive role with drought in GB accumulation. The drought with CaCl2-treated C. roseus plants showed an increase in total indole alkaloid content in shoots and roots when compared to drought stressed and well-watered plants. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation.Redness. Dry skin. Skin burns.Redness. Pain. Burns.Burns in mouth and throat. Nausea. Vomiting. |
| Effluent Concentrations | Estimated emissions of calcium chloride as one of the typical pollutants released from the synthetic organic chemical manufacturing industry (production/processing) may range from (unit process, product): halogenation, perchloroethylene, trace to 344polymerization, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resins, 0.25 to 8.8 (all in g/kg produced)(1). |
| Natural Pollution Sources | Calcium chloride may be found in nature as the mineral techhydrite, CaCl2.2MgCl2.12H2O. It is also found in other minerals. Its concentration in sea water is about 0.15%. |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum. Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 ug/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Calcium chloride is contraindicated for cardiac resuscitation in the presence of ventricular fibrillation or in patients with the risk of existing digitalis toxicity./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ SIDE EFFECTS RESULT FROM TOO RAPID INJECTIONTHESE INCL VASODILATION AND BURNING SENSATION IN SKIN. OVERDOSAGE CAN CAUSE HYPERCALCEMIA. ... EXTRAVASATION CAN CAUSE TISSUE NECROSIS./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ INJECTED SC OR IM, SOL CALCIUM SALTS ARE INTENSELY IRRITATING ... INJECTED IV IONIZED CALCIUM SALTS MAY CAUSE SLOWING OF THE HEART RATE AND SINUS ARRHYTHMIAIN TOXIC DOSES HEART BLOCK, EXTRASYSTOLES, AND VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION ARE DESCRIBED. INJECTED CALCIUM MAY ALSO STIMULATE IN VIVO EPINEPHRINE RELEASE. /CALCIUM SALTS/For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CALCIUM CHLORIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Environmental Biodegradation | Calcium chloride does not biodegrade. |
| Environmental Bioconcentration | /Calcium chloride/ does not bioaccumulate. |
| 수질 위해 등급(WGK) | 1 |
| TSCA 등재 상태 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 번호 | EV9810000 |
| 독성 | LD50 i.v. in mice: 42.2 mg/kg (Syed, Hosain) |
| 관세 코드 | 28272000 |
| 위험 문구(R) | 36/37/38-36-36/38-41-22 |
| 위험 표시 | Xi |
| 안전 문구(S) | 26-39-24-22-36 |
| 기존화학 물질 | KE-04496 |
| F 고인화성물질 | 3 |
| 위험 등급 | Eye Irrit. 2 |
| 저장 분류 | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| 유해 물질 데이터 | 10043-52-4(Hazardous Substances Data) |
용도
개요
무수물(無水物, anhydride. 분자 중에서 산소와 수소가 물의 비율대로 떨어져 나간 무기 화합물)은 습기를 흡수하는 성질이 있다. 그리고 조해성(습기를 흡수한 후 스스로 녹는 성질)이 있다. 따라서 무수물은 건조한 환경에서 밀봉하여 보관해야 한다. 물과 알코올, 아세톤에 잘 녹는다. 전기 분해하면 칼슘과 염소로 나뉜다.
용도
무수염 및 2수 화염은 각종 물질의 건조제로 사용 되며 수용액은 냉동기용 및 얼음 제조용의 냉매로 쓰인다. 또 콘크리트에 혼합하여 동결 방지에 사용되며 집진제, 목재, 직물의 방화제,식품, 목제의 방부제등에 사용 된다
출처
Calcium chloride may be found in nature as the mineral tachhydrite, CaCl22MgCl212H2O. It also is found in other minerals. Its concentration in sea water is about 0.15%.Calcium chloride has several industrial applications. The major applications of this compound are in deicing of roads, dust control, imparting stability to roads and buildings, and to improve traction in tractor tires. It is mixed with ice to make freezing mixtures. Hexahydrate mixed with crushed ice can lower the temperature of the cooling bath to below -50°C. It also is used as a desiccant for dehydrating gases and liquids. It is added to cement in various proportions to manufacture different types of concrete. Other uses are in adhesives, to lower gel temperatures, and as a calcium source in liquid feed supplements for dairy cattle. Also, the compound is used to control particle size development and reduce coalescence in plastics.
용도
Calcium chloride is highly hygroscopic and is often used as a desiccant.
일반 설명
Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) is a water soluble ionic crystal with a high enthalpy change of solution. It is majorly derived from limestone and is a by-product of the Solvay process. It is an anhydrous salt that has a hygroscopic nature and can be used as a desiccant.
제조 및 합성 방법
생산 방법
Calcium chloride is a principal byproduct from the Solvay process.
제조 방법
Calcium chloride is obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of sodium carbonate (soda ash) by ammonia-soda (Solvay) process. The process involves the reaction of sodium chloride with calcium carbonate and ammonia. Calcium chloride is currently produced in bulk amounts by evaporation of natural underground brines. In the laboratory, calcium chloride can be prepared by treating limestone with hydrochloric acid followed by evaporation of solution to obtain crystals. The crystals are dehydrated to obtain anhydrous salt. Calcium oxide or hydroxide may be used instead of carbonate.