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개요The activity of dexamethasone, as measured by glycogen deposition, is 20 times greater than that of hydrocortisone. It has five times the anti-inflammatory activity of prednisolone. Clinical data indicate that this compound has seven times the antirheumatic potency of prednisolone. It is roughly 30 times more potent than hydrocortisone. Its pharmacokinetics are presented in Table 33.3. Routes of metabolism for dexamethasone are similar to those for prednisolone, with its primary 6β-hydroxy metabolite being recovered in urine. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate is the water-soluble sodium salt of the 21-phosphate ester, with an IV half-life of less than 10 minutes because of rapid hydrolysis by plasma phosphatases. Peak plasma levels for dexamethasone usually are attained in approximately 10 to 20 minutes following its IV administered dose. A similar reaction occurs when the phosphate ester is applied topically or by inhalation.

역사A group of chemists at Merck discovered dexamethasone, a steroid hormone, in 1958 as an anti-inflammatory steroid. Merck marketed dexamethasone with a brand name Decadron in 1959.Since its emergence on the market in 1959, dexamethasone has become one of the two most popular orally bioavailable corticosteroids. The other one is prednisone. Having been on the market for over sixty years, dexamethasone has been tried with certain degree of success for many indications, making it seem like a panacea. For instance, it has been found to have efficacy for rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, croup, brain swelling, and along with antibiotics in tuberculosis. Doctors are very familiar with dexamethasone’s pharmacological properties. Therefore, they have been using this drug on severe COVID patients "off label" to relieve their pneumonia symptoms.

용도Dexamethasone is used for the same indications as all corticosteroids; however, it exhibits a significantly more powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic action. It is used for circulatory collapse—shock during or after surgical operations, trauma, blood loss, myocardial infarction, and burns. It is also used in severe infections—toxemia, vascular collapse in meningococcosis, septicemia, diphtheria, typhoid fever, and peritonitis. It is used in severe allergic conditions—asthmatic status, laryngeal edema, severe anaphylactic reactions to medicinal drugs, and pyrogenic reactions.

일반 설명Dexamethasone, 9-fluoro-11β,17,21-trihydroxy-16α-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione,is the 16 -isomer of betamethasone.Dexamethasone acetate, USP (21-acetate)Dexamethasone sodium phosphate, USP (21-sodiumphosphate).