Dithiazanine Iodide

Dark greenish crystalline powder

Blue violet powder

Practically insoluble in water

Practically insoluble in ether

Very slightly soluble in alcohol and methyl alcohol

Can be solubilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone: Canadian Patent: 676,636 (1963 to GAF).

Decomposes at 478.4 °F (EPA, 1998)

248 °C

Dithiazanine iodide appears as green, needle-like crystals. Used as a veterinary anthelmintic, as a sensitizer for photographic emulsions and as an insecticides. Not registered as a pesticide in the U.S. (EPA, 1998)

Dark greenish or blue violet solid; [HSDB] Powder; [Alfa Aesar MSDS]

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 2.3% (1 of 44) of reports.

Danger

H300 (97.7%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 44 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Slight blue conjunctiva discoloration and swelling reported in two employees occupationally exposed to dust; Symptoms cleared in ten days after removal from job; Oral LD50 (rat) = 165-192 mg/kg; [HSDB] A skin, eye, nose, and lung irritant; [FAHG] A skin and strong eye irritant; [Alfa Aesar MSDS]

An amine, organosulfide. Organosulfides are incompatible with acids, diazo and azo compounds, halocarbons, isocyanates, aldehydes, alkali metals, nitrides, hydrides, and other strong reducing agents. Reactions with these materials generate heat and in many cases hydrogen gas. Many of these compounds may liberate hydrogen sulfide upon decomposition or reaction with an acid. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Dithiazanine iodide is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500/10,000 lbs.

(Non-Specific -- Pesticide, Solid, n.o.s.) This material may burn but does not ignite readily. Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Wear self-contained, postive pressure if available, breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.

Ingestion is a route of entry.Move victim to fresh air; call emergency medical care. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes at the site. In case of contact with material, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes. (EPA, 1998)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

1.8 [mg/m3]

20 [mg/m3]

33 [mg/m3]

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Two people pressing powdered drug into tablets were exposed to enough dust in the course of a week to develop faint blue discoloration of the conjunctiva and slight hyperemia and swelling of the plica semilunaris, but with a change in occupation this all cleared in 10 days.

Rabbits exposed to a 1% suspension of dithiazanine iodide in physiologic salt solution applied as an eye drop three times a day developed similar blue discoloration of the conjunctiva. However, with repeated application of the suspension, in 6 days they developed conjunctival inflammation and a few days later extensive corneal opacification, with ulceration of the cornea in some animals. The corneas were diffusely infiltrated with leucocytes, and the conjunctivae were necrotic. This exposure was far more severe than anything that might be expected clinically.

Adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, edema, and fever. It is considered a toxic anthelmintic.

LD50 Rat oral 165-192 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 4-16 mg/kg

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Dithiazanine iodide is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500/10,000 lbs.

The means by which dithiazanine clears circulating microfilariae from the blood is not known. They evidently lose motility, become trapped in capillary beds, & are eventually phagocytized by host cells ... The biochemical basis of action of dithiazanine on helminths has been only partially determined. Studies with canine whipworms indicate that the drug causes an irreversible inhibition of glucose absorption, thus resulting in marked reduction in free glucose and consequent depletion in energy-rich phosphate bonds. Whether these physiologic changes also occur in heartworm microfilariae exposed to the drug is not known.

Substances used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations. They are used also in veterinary practice.

Chemicals that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

Absorption of this blue violet compound from the intestinal tract is minimal but is sufficient to cause a faint blue coloration of tissues. Since most of the drug remains unabsorbed in ingesta, feces and vomitus of dogs are blue green to purple in color.

Used as a fluorescent dye and formerly as an anthelmintic; [ChemIDplus] Used as a sensitizer for photographic emulsions and anthelmintic (nematodes); [Merck Index] Used as insecticide; [CAMEO]

Not registered for use as pesticide in the US; [CAMEO]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

Sensitizer for photographic emulsions.

MEDICATION

Benzothiazolium, 3-ethyl-2-[5-(3-ethyl-2(3H)-benzothiazolylidene)-1,3-pentadien-1-yl]-, iodide (1:1): ACTIVE

... is a cyanine dye