Xylazine

Xylazine (free base) · 2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-5,6-dihydro-4h-1,3-thiazine · wh7286 · Xylazin · bay1470 · XYLAZINE · Xilazina · Mobay Rompun

https://huagongshe.com/ko/chemical/5707

식별자 및 물리적 특성

CAS No.	7361-61-7
분자식	C12H16N2S
평균 분자량	220.34 g/mol
단동위원소 질량	220.10341951 g/mol
SMILES	Cc1cccc(C)c1NC1=NCCCS1
InChIKey	BPICBUSOMSTKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID	5707
ChEMBL	CHEMBL297362
ChEBI	CHEBI:92386
EC No.	230-902-1
DTXSID	DTXSID3040643

화학 및 물리적 성질

XLogP	2.8
극성 표면적	49.7
수소 결합 공여자 수	1
수소 결합 수용자 수	2
회전 가능 결합 수	2
무거운 원자 수	15
형식 전하	0
복잡도	230
의약품	DEA NFLIS-Drug Category -> Depressants and TranquilizersPharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15
LogP(분배 계수)	1.34
Animal Drugs	Active Ingredients (Xylazine) -> FDA GreenbookPharmaceuticals -> UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate ListPharmaceuticals -> Animal Drugs -> Approved in Taiwan
Collision Cross Section	147.9 Å² [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TWMethod: Major Mix IMS/Tof Calibration Kit (Waters)]148.6 Å² [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DTMethod: single field calibrated]147.8 Å² [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TWMethod: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]147.16 Å² [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW148.72 Å² [M+H]+
녹는점	140 C
끓는 점	334.2±52.0 °C(Predicted)
밀도	1.0905 (rough estimate)
굴절률	1.5700 (estimate)
저장 조건	-20°C
용해도	50mg/ml의 메탄올에 용해됩니다. 묽은 산성 용액에도 용해됩니다.
pKa(산도 계수)	7.67±0.20(Predicted)
물리적 상태	가루
InChI	InChI=1S/C12H16N2S/c1-9-5-3-6-10(2)11(9)14-12-13-7-4-8-15-12/h3,5-6H,4,7-8H2,1-2H3,(H,13,14)
InChIKey	BPICBUSOMSTKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES	S1CCCN=C1NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C

안전 및 규제

GHS 분류	DangerH301 (98.1%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P264, P270, P301+P316, P321, P330, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 54 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.
규제 정보	Xylazine: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.
기타 안전 정보	IMAP assessments - 4H-1,3-Thiazin-2-amine, N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-5,6-dihydro-: Environment tier I assessment
Hazard Classes and Categories	Acute Tox. 3 (98.1%)
노출 경로	IIntravenous (IV) administration was a common route for Xylazine as noted in case reports. Other routes included subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM), and inhalation, with overall doses ranging from 40 mg to 4300 mg in humans.
독성 요약	Xylazine use can cause drowsiness, abnormally slow or absent breathing, low blood pressure, and a slow heart rate. A coma can develop and require the insertion of a breathing tube and hospitalization. The overdoes signs and symptoms are similar to those of heroin, fentanyl, and other opioids. If xylazine is added to opioids, severe toxicity and death can occur due to the combined effects of the drugs. Withdrawal can occur in people who abruptly discontinue use, and can result in markedly elevated blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and agitation. Headaches, insomnia, and nausea can also occur during withdrawal.Acute xylazine exposure can lead to severe central nervous system (CNS) depression, respiratory depression, bradycardia, hypotension, and, in extreme cases, cardiac arrest. Long-term use of xylazine-mixed illicit substances can result in cumulative toxic effects, e.g., chronic wounds and ulcers on the skin. The primary metabolite of xylazine, 2,6-xylidine, has carcinogenic and genotoxic effects, and long-term users of xylazine appear to be at increased risk for malignancies. There are no human data on the effect of xylazine on embryogenesis and pregnancy. Studies have found increased uterine contractions, decreased uterine blood flow, and fetal loss when used in pregnant cattle and goats.
Antidote and Emergency Treatment	Identification of xylazine toxicity is difficult due to its use as an adulterant and possible polysubstance use. Identifying xylazine toxicity based on history and physical examination is challenging since other substances and their toxidromes may be present. The authors of this publication suggest having a low threshold of suspicion for coadministration of xylazine and any available illicit drug. Xylazine toxicity by itself is characterized by CNS depression. Symptoms may include a "high" feeling, sedation, dry mouth, dysarthria, hyporeflexia, disorientation, dysmetria, miosis, hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia, and hyperglycemia. Xylazine combined with other CNS depressants such as opioids, benzodiazepines, or alcohol can cause severe CNS depression with signs and symptoms of obtundation, coma, muscle relaxation, hypotension or hypertension, respiratory depression, areflexia, asthenia or apnea, cardiac arrhythmias or cardiac arrest. As of June 2023, no pharmacological antidote for xylazine intoxication has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Management of xylazine intoxication involves supportive care, monitoring for adverse effects, and interventional management as symptoms present. The few studies on humans and animals indicate potentially life-threatening complications of xylazine use, including biventricular failure, pulmonary edema, cardiac necrosis, valvular dysfunction, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

용도

개요

Xylazine is an agonist of α2-adrenergic receptors (Ki = 194 nM). It is an analog of clonidine, an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist used to reduce blood pressure. Xylazine is used for sedation, anesthesia, and analgesia in non-human mammals. This product is also available as an analytical reference standard .

용도

Xylazine is an α2 class of adrenergic receptor agonist. Xylazine is a clonidine analoque that acts on presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors as an a 2-adrenergic agonist.

일반 설명

Xylazine is soluble in methanol (50 mg/ml), yielding a clear, colorless solution. It is also soluble in dilute HCl acid and in chloroform. Xylazine is practically insoluble in water and in alkali solutions.