2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

MATERIALS WHICH ARE TOXIC AS STORED OR WHICH CAN DECOMPOSE INTO TOXIC COMPONENTS ... SHOULD BE STORED IN A COOL WELL VENTILATED PLACE, OUT THE DIRECT RAYS OF THE SUN, AWAY FROM AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD, AND SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED ... INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED ...

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

Immediate precautionary measure

44 adipose and 13 liver samples were taken from 58 people from the southern and northern parts of Finland. Donors ranged from 3 mo to 91 yr, and none were known to be occupationally exposed. Upon tissue analysis, only very small residues of chlorophenols were found (in 61% of the samples). The median concn of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol in adipose tissue samples was 0.002 ug/g fat, ranging from a trace amount (0.001 ug/g) to 0.031 ug/g. Only 2 liver samples were positive for tetrachlorophenol (0.002 and 0.007 ug/g). Both liver and adipose samples were obtained from the same donor only once. In this case tetrachlorophenol concn in adipose tissue was 0.003 ug/g fat, while in the liver no detectable amount was found. The age, smoking habit or fish intake of the donor did not have any relation to the chlorophenol concn found in the tissue sample.

Mean 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol concns in adipose tissue samples of hospital patients from Helsinki, Tammisaari, and Kemi, Finland were 0.004, 0.004, and 0.006 ug/g residue fat, respectively(1). The mean 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol concn in the adipose tissue of cadavers from the province of Uusimaa in Southern Finland was 0.005 ug/g residue fat(1). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in the liver tissue of 2 of 13 cadavers from the province of Uusimaa in southern Finland at concns of 0.002 and 0.007 ug/g(1). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in serum of Finnish sawmill workers, following exposure to sodium chlorophenolate, at mean concns of 2.79 and 2.78 umol/l before and after working hours, respectively(2). The mean concn of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol in the urine of Finnish sawmill workers during lumber treatment was 7.59 umol/l(2). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in the urine of exposed Finnish sawmill workers from 2 of 3 sawmills at concns ranging from 5.1 to 14.9 ng/mg creatinine; it was detected in 2 non-exposed controls at concns of 1.1 and 8.6 ng/mg creatinine(3). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in the urine of exposed workers in a Canadian pressure treatment plant at a mean concn of 0.11 mg/l and in the urine of Finnish sawmill workers at a mean concn of 1 mg/l, range <0.2 to 10 mg/l(4).

LC50 Carassius auratus (goldfish) 0.75 ppm/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Rivulus marmoratus 1.10 mg/l 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 6300(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 4.45(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol from moist soil surfaces may be important(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure(4) and water solubility(5). However, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol's pKa of 5.22(6) suggests this process may be attenuated under environmental pHs(SRC). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on a vapor pressure of 4.23X10-3 mm Hg(4). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol persisted for >72 days in a laboratory test with a soil inoculum(7). Another study reported that 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol disappeared from soil to a large degree in 4 weeks(8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 6040 to 7690 in river sediment, lake sediment and aquifer material(2), indicate that 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol is expected to volatilize slowly from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure of 4.23X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(4) and water solubility of 1000 mg/l(5). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 43 and 320 days, respectively(3,SRC). However, a pKa of 5.22 for 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol(6) indicates that 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol will not significantly volatilize from water as it will exist predominately in the ionic form under environmental pHs(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), BCFs ranging from 25 to 200(8,9), suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to high(SRC). 51% (89%) disappearance of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol was observed following 6 (24) hours irradiation (> or = 285 nm) in a 1:1 (v/v) water:acetonitrile mixture; 2,3,4-and 2,3,6-trichlorophenol were identified as photoproducts in the n-hexane extracts when the pH was changed to <1(10). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol, concn 100 mg/l, reached 7% of its theoretical BOD over 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum(9). High-rate operation of an aerobic fluidized-bed reactor resulted in a 99.6% mean removal of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol over a period of 235 days(11). 74% removal of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol was observed after 32 days anaerobic incubation in mixed digested sludge(12).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, which has a vapor pressure of 4.23X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 58 days(3,SRC).

Although no data on 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol could be located, the presence of pentachlorophenol in 1-3% of market basket surveys (and an estimated daily intake of 1-6 ug/day)(1) combined with the fact that tetrachlorophenol is a major impurity in commercial pentachlorophenol(4-10%) would lead to the speculation that residues of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol are in food which contains residues of pentachlorophenol.

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Earthworms collected 5, 7, and 10 m from the dipping basin of a sawmill near the town of Kuopio in central Finland contained 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol at concns of 430 (1980), 390 (710), and 380 (270) ug/g fat for Lumbricus spp (A. caliginosa), respectively(1).

Cough. Shortness of breath. Convulsions.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Headache. Dizziness. Vomiting. Weakness. Convulsions. Muscle spasms. Fever. Sweating.

Final effluent from the Hogsmill Valley municipal treatment works, London, contained 63 parts per trillion 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol(1). It was detected, not quantified, in chemical and sewage treatment plant effluent in Chattanooga Creek, Chattanooga, TN(2). Mean 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol concns in the effluent (influent) of six municipal wastewater treatment plants in the Netherlands were, ug/l: trickling filter, 0.06 (0.11), 0.10 (0.14); activated sludge, 0.11 (0.13), 0.18 (0.19); and oxidation ditch, 0.21 (0.25), and 0.06 (0.16)(3). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in the effluent (influent) of a Swiss wastewater treatment plant at an average concn of 4.9 (7.3) ug/l(4). Treated pulp mill effluent contained 1.1 ug/l tetrachlorophenol(5). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol concns in the effluent water after the bleaching of pulp were 7.5 and 9.8 ug/l on Mar 16 and Nov 3, 1983, respectively(6). 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol was detected in waste liquors of pine kraft pulp bleaching stages C and E at concns of 2.88 and 43.7 ug/l, respectively; 2.72 and 45.4 ug/l, respectively, were detected in the waste liquors in a chemically-bound form(7). Water samples collected within a sawmill using a chlorophenol wood preservative contained 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol at concns ranging from 0.66 to 79.30 ug/l and 12.40 to 179.00 ug/l in surface water and groundwater, respectively; samples of water taken from a blind drain 1 m from the dipping basin contained 14,300 ug/l 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol(8). Waste liquors from two kraft pulp mills and one sulfite pulp mills in Central Finland contained 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol at concns of 10, 7 and 1 ug/l, respectively(9).

2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol

Hepatic

3 x 10 ^-2 mg/kg-day

F027; Discarded unused formulations containing tri-, tetra-, or pentachlorophenol or discarded unused formulations containing compounds derived from these chlorophenols are classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source and must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (see 40 CFR 261.5).

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Chlorophenols is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Chlorophenols/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

(FL) FLORIDA 210 ug/l

(NH) NEW HAMPSHIRE 200 ug/l

Used as a pesticide and fungicide; as a slimicide for paper mills; as a preservative; as a component in pentachlorophenol wood preservative; Discontinued by the DOW Chemical Co.; No longer commercially produced in the US; Pure 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol is not sold commercially because of the difficulty encountered in adjusting the chlorination at the tetra stage. It is found in combination with pentachlorophenol. [HSDB]

Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry]

Used as antimicrobials (biocides, fungicides, insecticides, ovicides, algicides) and herbicides; Used as preservatives for wood, glue, paint, vegetable fibers, leather, and furs; Also used to make pharmaceuticals and dyes; [Ullmann] Used in pressure-treatment of wood and in surface treatment of logs, railroad ties, telephone poles, and lumber; Lower chlorophenols were used to make pesticides such as 2,4,5-T; Released into the environment from chlorine bleaching in pulp and paper manufacturing, water treatment, and municipal waste incineration; [Reference #1]

PESTICIDE /FORMER/

SLIMICIDE FOR PAPER MILLS /FORMER/

PRESERVATIVE; COMPONENT IN PENTACHLOROPHENOL WOOD PRESERVATIVE /FORMER/

... Commercial grade 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol contained chlorodioxin isomers at levels of 28 ppm (hexa-), 80 ppm (hepta-), and 30 ppm (octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) as well as chlorodibenzofurans at levels of 55 ppm (hexa-), 100 ppm (hepta-), and 25 ppm (octachlorodibenzofuran).

Pentachlorophenol is an impurity in technical grade formulations of tetrachlorophenol.

(1976) 1.8X10+9 g

(1982) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN USA

CHLORINATION OF PHENOL IN THE PRESENCE OF POTASSIUM TELLURATE AS A CATALYST, FOLLOWED BY SEPARATION OF ISOMERIC MIXT; BY PRODUCT FROM PRODUCTION OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL BY CHLORINATION OF PHENOL.

The tri- and tetrachlorophenols produced by direct chlorination of phenol have essentially similar chlorophenol contaminants, varying in concentrations with source and batch. /Tetrachlorophenols/

The commercial tetrachlorophenol was composed of 73% tetra- and 27% pentachlorophenol. /Tetrachlorophenol/

Commercial pentachlorophenol contains 4-10% tetrachlorophenol.

Phenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro-: ACTIVE

PRODUCT DISCONTINUED BY THE DOW CHEMICAL CO.

The isomers are separated from one another via gradient elution with ion-exchange resins.

Pure 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol is not sold commercially because of the difficulty encountered in adjusting the chlorination at the tetra stage. It is found in combination with pentachlorophenol.