글루콘산
글루콘산 · 글루코닉산50% · D-글루콘산 · 글루콘 산 · 글루콘산, D- · 글리코 산 · 글리코제닉 산 · 덱스트로 산
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 526-95-4 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | C6H12O7 |
| 평균 분자량 | 196.16 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO |
| InChIKey | RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 604 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL3039603 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:192972 |
| 현지명 | 글루콘산 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| XLogP | -3.4 |
|---|---|
| 극성 표면적 | 138 |
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 6 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 7 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 5 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 13 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 170 |
| 녹는점 | 15 °C |
| 끓는 점 | 102 °C |
| 밀도 | 1.23 |
| 굴절률 | 1.4161 |
| 저장 조건 | Store below +30°C. |
| 용해도 | DMSO(약간 용해됨), 메탄올(약간 용해됨), 물 |
| 물리적 상태 | 결정질 분말 또는 결정 |
| pKa(산도 계수) | pK (25°) 3.60 |
| 색상 | 흰색에서 밝은 노란색 |
| 비중 | 1.234 |
| pH | 2.2 (20°C, 500g/L in H2O) |
| 냄새 | 상업용 50% 수용액. 호박색, 희미한 식초 냄새 |
| 용해도 | 물에 용해됩니다. |
| Merck | 14,4456 |
| BRN | 1726055 |
| 화장품 원료 기능 | 킬레이팅향수 |
| InChI | 1S/C6H12O7/c7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13/h2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m1/s1 |
| InChIKey | RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N |
| SMILES | OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O |
| LogP(분배 계수) | -2.116 (est) |
| NIST | Gluconic acid(526-95-4) |
| EPA | D-Gluconic acid (526-95-4) |
화학적 성질
d-Gluconic acid is an acid sugar composed of white crystals with a milk-acidic taste. In aqueous solutions, it is in equilibrium with gamma- and delta-gluconolactones. It is prepared by enzymatic oxidation of glucose and strains of the microorganisms used to supply the enzyme action are nonpathogenic and nontoxicogenic to man or other animals. This substance is used as a component of bottle rinsing formulations, at levels not to exceed good manufacturing practice.An FDA letter to a trade association revoking affirmation of general recognition of safety in dietary supplements was dated April 9, 1970.
안전 및 규제
| Minimum Risk Level | Chronic Inhalation: 0.0003 mg/m3 (L134) |
|---|---|
| 건강 영향 | Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228) |
| 노출 경로 | Oral (L228)inhalation (L228) |
| 독성 요약 | Manganese is a cellular toxicant that can impair transport systems, enzyme activities, and receptor functions. It primarily targets the central nervous system, particularily the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia. It is believed that the manganese ion, Mn(II), enhances the autoxidation or turnover of various intracellular catecholamines, leading to increased production of free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and other cytotoxic metabolites, along with a depletion of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to oxidative damage and selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons. In addition to dopamine, manganese is thought to perturbations other neurotransmitters, such as GABA and glutamate. In order to produce oxidative damage, manganese must first overwhelm the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase. The neurotoxicity of Mn(II) has also been linked to its ability to substitute for Ca(II) under physiological conditions. It can enter mitochondria via the calcium uniporter and inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. It may also inhibit the efflux of Ca(II), which can result in a loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity. Mn(II) has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial aconitase activity to a significant level, altering amino acid metabolism and cellular iron homeostasis. (L228) |
| Signs and Symptoms | Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228) |
| Carcinogen Classification | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
| 수질 위해 등급(WGK) | - |
| TSCA 등재 상태 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 번호 | LZ5057100 |
| 운송 번호(UN) | 3265 |
| 관세 코드 | 29181600 |
| 위험 문구(R) | 36/37/38-34 |
| 위험 표시 | Xi,C |
| 안전 문구(S) | 37/39-26-45-36/37/39 |
| 포장분류 | III |
| 위험 등급 | 8 |
| 기존화학 물질 | KE-17664 |
| 저장 분류 | 10 - Combustible liquids |
| 유해 물질 데이터 | 526-95-4(Hazardous Substances Data) |
용도
개요
글루콘산은 부드럽고, 청량한 산미(酸味)를 가지므로, 주류, 식초, 청량음료의 첨가물로 사 용됩니다. 철제품의 방청력이 강해 철제품이 쉽게 녹슬지 않도록 하는데 사용됩니다. 금속표면의 산화물, 스케일등을 금속자체의 부식없이 쉽게 제거하므로 탈청제, 스케일제거 제 등으로 사용됩니다.
용도
식품 : 주류, 식초, 청량음료등의 산미료(酸味料), 식품제조 장치 및 용기의 스케일 제거 및 세척제 등. 금속 : 세관제, 금속처리제, 방청제, 탈지제. 섬유 : 염색보조제.
개요
Gluconic acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH. It is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-penta hydroxy hexanoic acid. In aqueous solution at neutral pH, gluconic acid forms the gluconate ion. The salts of gluconic acid are known as "gluconates". Gluconic acid, gluconate salts, and gluconate esters occur widely in nature because such species arise from the oxidation of glucose. Some drugs are injected in the form of gluconates.
출처
Gluconic acid occurs naturally in fruit, honey, kombucha tea, and wine. As a food additive ( E574 ), it is an acidity regulator. It is also used in cleaning products where it dissolves mineral deposits especially in alkaline solution. The gluconate anion chelates Ca2+,Fe2+, Al3+, and other metals. In 1929 Horace Terhune Herrick developed a process for producing the salt by fermentation. Calcium gluconate, in the form of a gel, is used to treat burns from hydrofluoric acid; calcium gluconate injections may be used for more severe cases to avoid necrosis of deep tissues. Quinine gluconate is a salt between gluconic acid and quinine, which is used for intramuscular injection in the treatment of malaria. Zinc gluconate injections are used to neuter male dogs. Iron gluconate injections have been proposed in the past to treat anemia.
용도
Gluconic Acid is an acidulant that is a mild organic acid which is the hydrolyzed form of glucono-delta-lactone. it is prepared by the fermentation of dextrose, whereby the physiological d-form is produced. it is soluble in water with a solubility of 100 g/100 ml at 20°c. it has a mild taste and at 1% has a ph of 2.8. it functions as an antioxidant and enhances the function of other antioxidants. in beverages, syrups, and wine, it can eliminate calcium turbidities. it is used as a leavening component in cake mixes, and as an acid component in dry-mix desserts and dry beverage mixes.