Lead styphnate

Other Uses -> Explosives

Carcinogens

3.06 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Monoclinic orange-yellow crystals; density: 3.1 g/cu cm /Lead trinitroresorcinate, monohydrate/

Density: 2.9 g/cu cm /Lead trinitroresorcinate, anhydrous/

Practically insoluble in most organic solvents

Practically insoluble in water

Hazardous gases/vapors produced are oxides of lead, oxides of nitrogen.

Decomposition temperature 235 °C.

Lead styphnate, [wetted with >= 20 % water or mixture of alcohol and water] appears as a slurry or wet mass of orange-yellow crystals. Must be shipped wet with at least 20% water or water and denatured ethyl alcohol mixture. May explode due to shock, heat, flame, or friction if dried. Used as an initiating explosive. The primary hazard is the blast of an instantaneous explosion and not flying projectiles and fragments.

Large Crystals; CBI

Orange-yellow crystals; [CAMEO]

Danger

H200: (Deleted) Unstable Explosive [Danger Explosives]

P201, P202, P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P317, P304+P340, P317, P318, P319, P330, P372, P373, P380, P391, P401, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H201: (Deleted) Explosive; mass explosion hazard [Danger Explosives]

P203, P210, P230, P240, P250, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P317, P318, P319, P330, P370+P380, P372, P373, P391, P401, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: 1,3-Benzenediol, 2,4,6-trinitro-, lead(2+) salt (1:1)

Hazard Traits - Reproductive Toxicity

1,3-Benzenediol, 2,4,6-trinitro-, lead(2+) salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1,3-Benzenediol, 2,4,6-trinitro-, lead(2+) salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 02-09-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14733

Restricted substance: Lead 2,4,6-trinitro-m-phenylene dioxide

Substance: Lead styphnate

D008; A solid waste containing lead may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Lead/

LEAD STYPHNATE is a weak but highly sensitive explosive. An employee removing a beaker of lead styphnate from a laboratory oven caused a detonation when he bumped the beaker on the side of the oven [MCA Case History 957, 1966]. Three kilograms of lead styphnate exploded from an unknown cause. Wet material in two adjacent dry rooms did not detonate [Chem. Abs. 26:5210. 1932]. May react vigorously with reducing agents.

Lead styphnate (dry)

Forbidden explosives/materials (49 eCFR § 173.54/§ 173.21)

Lead styphnate, wetted or Lead trinitroresorcinate, wetted with not less than 20 percent water or mixture of alcohol and water, by mass

UN0130

Div 1.1 Explosives (with a mass explosion hazard) (49 eCFR § 173.50)

D008; A solid waste containing lead may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Lead/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Dangerously explosive. Do not fight fires in a cargo of explosives. Evacuate area and let burn. /Lead styphnate, wetted/

Evacuation: If the material is on fire or involved in fire consider evacuation of one (1) mile radius. /Lead styphnate, wetted/

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Lead styphnate, wetted/

DOT Class A explosive. Initiating explosive. Keep away from fire, heat, flame, spark, static, friction, percussion. Do not store with flammable liquids, solids, gases, oxidizers, acids, corrosive liquids, non-flammable compressed gases. Storage and distribution of explosives is regulated by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (BAFT). Procedural requirements are described in 25 CFR 55, "Commerce in Explosives"

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Treatment, storage, transportation, and disposal must be in accordance with applicable Federal, State/Provincial, and Local regulations. Sodium hydroxide in water to alkaline pH, followed by sodium sulfide, heat to boil, hold at temperature overnight.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep spilled material wet. Wet spilled material before picking it up. Do not attempt to sweep up dry material. /Lead styphnate, wetted/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Lead styphnate, wetted/

Lead is a neurotoxin and has been known to cause brain damage and reduced cognitive capacity, especially in children. Lead exposure can result in nephropathy, as well as blood disorders such as high blood pressure and anemia. Lead also exhibits reproductive toxicity and can results in miscarriages and reduced sperm production. (L21)

Lead mimics other biologically important metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, competing as cofactors for many of their respective enzymatic reactions. For example, lead has been shown to competitively inhibit calcium's binding of calmodulin, interferring with neurotransmitter release. It exhibits similar competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor and protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Lead also affects the nervous system by impairing regulation of dopamine synthesis and blocking evoked release of acetylcholine. However, it's main mechanism of action occurs by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, an enzyme vital in the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (T4, A20, A22, L136)

Symptions of chronic lead poisoning include reduced cognitive abilities, nausea, abdominal pain, irritability, insomnia, metal taste in the mouth, excess lethargy or hyperactivity, chest pain, headache and, in extreme cases, seizures, comas, and death. There are also associated gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, poor appetite, weight loss, which are common in acute poisoning. (A2, L21)

Organic lead compounds are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). To the extent that organic lead compounds are metabolized in part to ionic lead, they are expected to exert the toxicities associated with inorganic lead (Group 2A, probably carcinogenic to humans). (L135)

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of lead styphnate is 100 to 999; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 3,704 workers (454 of these were female) were potentially exposed to lead styphnate in the US(1).

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Lead and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . /Lead and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Moderate hyperventilation (20 respiration per minute) may be beneficial for increased intracranial pressure. Start IV administration of 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. For hypotension ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Lead and related compounds/

D008; A solid waste containing lead may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Lead/

Lead styphnate

A Commercial Grade

5000

A Commercial Grade

400

Explosive chemical that can be released at a facility.

Lead is absorbed following inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure. It is then distributed mainly to the bones and red blood cells. In the blood lead may be found bound to serum albumin or the metal-binding protein metallothionein. Organic lead is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes, whereas inorganic lead forms complexes with delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Lead is excreted mainly in the urine and faeces. (L136)

Used as an initiating explosive; [CAMEO]

Transport of lead styphnate (dry) is forbidden. Transport of lead styphnate, wetted with not <20% water is forbidden by cargo aircraft or passenger aircraft/rail. [HMT]

Weak primary explosive; used in ignition caps, and in ASA (ie., lead azide, lead styphnate, and aluminum) mixtures for detonators

An initiating explosive /Lead trinitroresorcinate/

... Used to sensitize lead azide and in primer compositions to initiate burning.

Lead styphnate is used as a detonator. (L415)

2023: 75,000 - <500,000 lb

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#7538]

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: 1,3-Benzenediol, 2,4,6-trinitro-, lead(2+) salt (1:1). Aggregated National Production Volume: < 500,000 pounds.

Explosives Manufacturing

1,3-Benzenediol, 2,4,6-trinitro-, lead(2+) salt (1:1): ACTIVE