p,p-에틸-DDD

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Organochlorine pesticides, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Organochlorine pesticide, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using solid, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. /Organochlorine pesticide, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid/

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid/

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using solid, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind. ...Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Organochlorine pesticides, solid, toxic/

Personnel protection: Void breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid/

If material not of fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. /Organochlorine pesticides, solid, toxic/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid/

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. .... /Organochlorine pesticide, liquid; Organochlorine pesticide, solid, toxic/

LC50 Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite quail) oral >5000 ppm/ 8 days, 10% mortality at 5000 ppm

LC50 Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) oral >5000 ppm/8 days

LC50 Phasianus colchicus (Pheasant) oral >5000 ppm/8 days

LC50 Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) oral >5000 ppm/ 8 days

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for PERTHANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.5X10+4(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 0.1 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that perthane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of perthane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Perthane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.0X10-6 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Although perthane is reported to be biodegradable(6), insufficient data are available to predict the relative importance or rate of biodegradation in soil(SRC). Perthane is reported to have moderate persistence in soil(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.5X10+4(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 0.1 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that perthane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7.8 hours and 9.7 days, respectively(3). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 120 years if adsorption is considered(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 2,300(SRC), from its water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). Perthane is not expected to undergo rapid hydrolysis in the environment as the hydrolysis half-lives of analogous DDT is 12 years and 81 days at pH 3-5(7) and 9(8), respectively. Although perthane is reported to be biodegradable(9), insufficient data are available to predict the relative importance or rate of biodegradation in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), perthane, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 4.0X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase perthane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.1 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.50X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3) Particulate-phase perthane may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Perthane (in hexane solution) does not absorb UV light above 290 nm(4); therefore, perthane is not expected to undergo direct photolysis in the environment(SRC).

Perthane is one of many pesticides that has been detected in American foods by the US Food and Drug Admin's regulatory monitoring of domestic foods for fiscal years 1983-1986(1) and 1978-1982(2); frequencies of occurrence and concns were not reported(1,2). In a US monitoring survey of 6970 produce samples (fruits and vegetables) collected between 1989 and 1991, perthane was not detected (detection limit of 5 pm) in any samples(3). During a 5-yr study conducted during 1981-1986, the Los Angeles District Office of the FDA analyzed 19,851 samples of domestic and imported food for pesticide residues(4,5); perthane was detected in 2 samples at concns ranging of 1.0 and 2.0 pm(4,5). Monitoring results of US FDA's Total Diet Studies for adults (food composites were collected from 27 cities during Oct 1980 and Mar 1982) detected perthane in one fruit food composite at a concn of 0.024 pm(6).

Based upon the US Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study of "table-ready" foods in the American diet (monitoring between Apr 1982 and Apr 1984), the average daily intake of perthane is <0.1 ng/kg body weight/day for all age groups which ranges from 6-11 month-olds to 60-65 yr-old males and females(1). Based upon monitoring results of the US FDA's Total Diet Studies for fiscal years 1978-1980, the avg daily intake for infants and toddlers ranged from 0.008 to 0.034 ug/kg body wt/day(2); the AVDI for infants and toddlers for fiscal years 1981/1982 was zero since no perthane was detected in those food samples(2). Based upon monitoring results of the US FDA's Total Diet Studies for fiscal years 1978-1982, the avg daily intake for adults ranged from 0.001 to 0.005 ug/kg body wt/day(3).

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=72-56-0]

The Koc of perthane is estimated as 1.5X10+4(SRC), using a water solubility of 0.1 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that perthane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC).

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology (usually 2-3 hr after ingestion): Very large doses... are followed... by vomiting, due to local gastric irritation. Delayed emesis and/or diarrhea may occur... Numbness and paresthesias... of lips, tongue and face. Malaise, headache, sore throat, fatigue, weakness. Coarse tremors (usually first of the neck and head and particularly of the eyelids), apprehension, ataxia and confusion. Symptomatology (...ingestion): Convulsions... may alternate with... coma and paresis. In the absence of convulsions, the vital signs are essentially normal, but in severe poisoning the pulse may be irregular and abnormally slow. ... Death is usually due to respiratory failure from medullary paralysis. /DDT/

/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ A cohort mortality study among 5886 chemical manufacturing workers was completed in 1987 and showed an increased mortality due to pancreatic cancer. ... A nested case control study of pancreatic cancer among these chemical manufacturing workers to identify risk factors for this disease /was conducted/. Twenty-eight verified cases of pancreatic cancer and 112 matched controls were studied. Next of kin of each subject were interviewed to determine lifestyle factors, including tobacco, alcohol, and coffee consumption. Written work records and interviews were used to determine chemical exposures at the plant under study. DDT was associated with pancreatic cancer (risk ratio for ever exposed compared with never exposed = 4.8; with a 95% confidence interval = 1.3-17.6). Among subjects who had a mean exposure to DDT of 47 mo, the risk was 7.4 times that among subjects with no exposure. Two DDT derivatives, Ethylan and DDD were additionally associated with pancreatic cancer (risk ratio = 5.0 and 4.3, respectively); exposures to these two chemicals were correlated, and it was not possible to determine whether each acted independently of the other. Smoking was identified as an independent risk factor, but controlling for smoking (and other potential confounders) in the analyses did not appreciably alter the risks seen for DDT, DDD, or ethylan. Exposure to DDT was associated with pancreatic cancer. The association was not explained by lifestyle factors or other chemicals, and risk incr with both duration of exposure and latency since first exposure. These results may indicate that DDT can cause pancreatic cancer in humans under circumstances of heavy and prolonged exposure.

/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ ... A statistically significant increased risk /of pancreatic cancer/ was found for self-reported exposure to ethylan (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl) ethane). Increased odds ratios were observed for self-reported exposures to chloropropylate and DDT, as well as for the summary group of organochlorine pesticides which included all of these materials, though these associations were not significant.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Ethylan was administered to 9 men with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate and to 5 women with metastatic carcinoma of the breast because there were earlier reports of favorable effect. ...Dosage varied from 50 mg/kg/day to 150 mg/kg/day, the latter for a total of 189,000 mg within 21 days. The most intensive treatment was 200 to 300 mg/kg/day for a total of 96,000 mg in 6 days. The smallest dose produced diarrhea, vomiting, and especially nausea in some patients and required cessation of treatment in some. ...Marked thrombocytopenia and leucopenia were noted in 1 patient just after 14 day course. ...No distinct benefit but nausea, vomiting, and skin rash were seen in four other patients with carcinoma who received Ethylan at dosages of 1,800 to 8,000 mg/man/day for period of 4 to 54 days.

This rule revokes tolerances for residues of the pesticide 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-ethylphenyl) ethane (also known as Perthane, Ethylan) ... in or on agricultural commodities because of all registrations have been cancelled.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Ethylan is found on List B. Case No: 2270; Pesticide type: Insecticide; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered ... The case /is characterized/ as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.; Active ingredient (AI): 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-ethylphenyl)ethane; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."