염화비닐
비닐클로라이드 · 염화비닐 · 비닐클로라이드모노머 · 아세틸렌클로라이드 · 클로로에틸렌 · 비닐 클로라이드 · 모노클로로 에텐 · 모노클로로에틸렌
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 75-01-4 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | C2H3Cl |
| 평균 분자량 | 62.5 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 61.99232778 g/mol |
| SMILES | C=CCl |
| InChIKey | BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 6338 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2311071 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:28509 |
| EC No. | 200-831-0 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID8021434 |
| 현지명 | 염화비닐 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| XLogP | 1.5 |
|---|---|
| 극성 표면적 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 0 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 0 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 3 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 10.3 |
| 물질 분류 | Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)Urban Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) - EPA specified greatest potential health threat in urban areasCarcinogensVolatile Organic Compound (VOC) |
| Polymers | Plastics & Rubber -> Vinyl Halides |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Coriolis coupling |
| 농약 | Pesticide -> EPA IRIS |
| LogP(분배 계수) | log Kow = 1.461.6 |
| 냄새 | Ethereal odorMild, sweet odorPleasant odor at high concentrations |
| 밀도 | 0.969 at 8.6 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than waterwill float0.9106 g/cu cm at 20 °CDensity (vapour at 15 °C): 8 g/lRelative density (water = 1): 0.9 (liquid)0.9106 @ 20°C0.911 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| Viscosity | 0.01072 cP at 101.325 kPa, 20 °C (gas)0.280 cP at -20 °C (liquid) |
| Color/Form | Colorless gas or liquid (below 77 degrees F) [Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas] |
| 용해도 | Slightly soluble (NTP, 1992)In water, 8.8X10+3 mg/L at 25 °CIn water, 2700 mg/LSoluble in ethanolvery soluble in ethyl etherSoluble in carbon tetrachloride and benzeneSoluble in hydrocarbons, oil, chlorinated solvents, and most common organic solvents.아세톤/이황화탄소, MEK, THF: 가용성 |
| Corrosivity | Vinyl chloride is not corrosive when dry but in presence of moisture it corrodes iron and steel. |
| 인화점 | -110 °F (NTP, 1992)-78 °CGas (-108.4 °F (-78 °C)) - open cup.-78 °C (-112 °F) - closed cup-78 °C c.c.-78 °F |
| 녹는점 | -153.8 °C(lit.) |
| 끓는 점 | -13.4 °C(lit.) |
| 증기압 | 3,428 at 30 °C (quoted, Standen, 1964) |
| 굴절률 | n20/D 1.3700(lit.) |
| 저장 조건 | 2-8°C |
| 물리적 상태 | 가루 |
| 용해도 | <1.1g/L(25℃) |
| 비열 | Cp(crystal): 0.95 J/(g·K)Cp(gas): 0.86 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 13,10055 |
| 헨리 상수 | 1.50, 1.68, 2.17, 2.65, and 2.8 at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C, respectively (EPICS, Ashworth et al.,1988) |
| 유전율 | 3.3(Ambient) |
| 안정성 | Stable, but may be light sensitive. May undergo autopolymerization. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, chemically active metals, copper. Highly flammable. Severe explosion risk at concentrations of around 3%. It is reported that "large fires of this material are practically inextinguishable". |
| 주요 응용 | 청소용품화장품환경음식 및 음료개인 위생 관리석유 |
| InChI | 1S/C2H3Cl/c1-2-3/h2H,1H2 |
| InChIKey | BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | ClC=C |
| EPA | Vinyl chloride (75-01-4) |
화학적 성질
Vinyl chloride is a flammable gas at room temperature, and is usually encountered as a cooled liquid. The colorless liquid forms a vapor which has a pleasant, ethereal odor. The odor threshold is variously given as 260 ppm, 3,000 ppm (NJ fact sheet), 4000 ppm (NY fact sheet) in air and 3.4 ppm in water (EPA Toxicological profile). Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas.
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | DangerH220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]P203, P210, P222, P280, P318, P377, P381, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.3% (2 of 785) of reports.H220 (99.7%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases] |
|---|---|
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: Ethene, chloro-Hazard Traits - CarcinogenicityNeurotoxicityOcular ToxicityRespiratory ToxicityEthene, chloro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Ethene, chloro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 15-05-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/16163Restricted substance: ChloroetheneEthene, chloro- (vinyl chloride): HSNO Approval: HSR001016 Approved with controls |
| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - Ethene, chloro-: Human health tier II assessment |
| 운송 라벨(DOT) | Flammable Gas |
| 화재 위험 | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Forms highly toxic combustion products such as hydrogen chloride, phosgene, and carbon monoxide.· EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.Extremely flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Gas/air mixtures are explosive. |
| 화재 가능성 | A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame, or oxidizers. Large fires of this material are practically inextinguishable.Flammable gas. /Vinyl chloride, inhibited/ |
| 건강 유해성 | INHALATION: high concentrations cause dizziness, anesthesia, lung irritation. SKIN: may cause frostbitephenol inhibitor may be absorbed through skin if large amounts of liquid evaporate. (USCG, 1999)· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas. |
| 유해성 요약 | Vinyl chloride is a colorless gas. It burns easily and it is not stable at high temperatures. It has a mild, sweet odor. It is a manufactured substance that does not occur naturally. It can be formed when other substances such as trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene are broken down. Vinyl chloride is used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC is used to make a variety of plastic products, including pipes, wire and cable coatings, and packaging materials. Vinyl chloride is also known as chloroethene, chloroethylene, and ethylene monochloride. |
용도
개요
Vinyl chloride is a colorless, flammable gas with a sweet ethereal odor. It is shipped as a liquefied compressed gas. Contact of the liquid with the skin can result in freezing or frostbite. Vinyl chloride has been established as a human carcinogen. In addition, acute effects of vinyl chloride exposure include irritation of the skin and eyes on contact. Inhalation of concentrations of more than 500 ppm produces mild anesthesia. Anhydrous vinyl chloride does not corrode metals at normal temperatures and pressures, but in the presence of moisture and elevated temperatures, vinyl chloride accelerates the corrosion of iron and steel at elevated temperatures. Vinyl chloride polymerizes readily when exposed to air, sunlight, heat, or oxygen, although it is chemically stable as shipped with an inhibitor (phenol).
용도
In the plastics industry to manufacture of polyvinyl chloride; in organic syntheses. Has been used as refrigerant, spray can propellant.
일반 설명
A colorless gas with a sweet odor. Easily ignited. Shipped as a liquefied gas under own vapor pressure. Contact with the unconfined liquid may cause frostbite by evaporative cooling. Leaks may be liquid or vapor. Vapors are heavier than air. May asphyxiate by the displacement of air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. Suspected carcinogen. Used to make plastics, adhesives, and other chemicals.
제조 및 합성 방법
생산 방법
VC was first synthesized in 1835 by Henri Victor Regnault in the laboratory of Justus von Liebig. Industrial production of VC began in 1930s. Ninety-eight percent is used for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) production and the remaining 2% for polyvinylidene chloride and chlorinated solvents. The most common method for the production ofVC monomer is based on cracking ethylene dichloride. Over 95% of VC produced worldwide in 2006 was made by this method. A less common method is by hydrochlorination of acetylene. VC has been produced commercially in the United States for over 70 years.