| GHS 분류 | DangerH220 (78.2%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]P203, P210, P222, P280, P318, P377, P381, P403, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 294 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases] |
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| 규제 정보 | Chemical: Methane, difluoro-Methane, difluoro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Methane, difluoro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 23-03-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15279Methane, difluoro-: HSNO Approval: HSR001023 Approved with controls |
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| 운송 라벨(DOT) | Flammable Gas |
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| 화재 위험 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:· EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. |
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| 화재 가능성 | Difluoromethane is a flammable gas. |
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| 건강 유해성 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas. |
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| 유해성 요약 | Evaporating liquid can cause frostbiteMay cause asphyxiation without warning[CAMEO] Evaporating liquid can cause frostbiteInhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression and cardiac arrhythmiasIn confined space spill, may displace air and act as simple asphyxiant[MSDSonline] |
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| 운송 번호 및 가이드(DOT) | 3252 115 |
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| 반응성 그룹 | Fluorinated Organic Compounds |
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| Special Reports | Danish EPASurvey of selected fluorinated green-house gases (2015)[Available from, as of March 3, 2016: http://eng.mst.dk/] |
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| Reactivity Alerts | Highly Flammable |
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| Reactivity Profile | DIFLUOROMETHANE can react with some metals to form dangerous products. May react violently with aluminum. Incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides. |
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| DOT Emergency Guidelines | /GUIDE 115 GASES - FLAMMABLE (Including Refrigerated Liquids)/ Fire or Explosion: EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid (UN1966) and Methane (UN1971) are lighter than air and will rise. Hydrogen and Deuterium fires are difficult to detect since they burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.) Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket./GUIDE 115 GASES - FLAMMABLE (Including Refrigerated Liquids)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Some may be irritating if inhaled at high concentrations. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases./GUIDE 115 GASES - FLAMMABLE (Including Refrigerated Liquids)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas./GUIDE 115 GASES - FLAMMABLE (Including Refrigerated Liquids)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids.For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Difluoromethane (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| 소화 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: |
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| 누출 비상 조치 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
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| 응급 처치 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:General First Aid: |
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| 노출 관리 및 개인 보호 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). |
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| 소화 절차 | If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. ... If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame-- consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius. |
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| 비화재 누출 대응 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: |
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| 처리 방법 | SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in air, soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. |
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| Preventive Measures | If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, an other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Approach fire with caution.If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions. |
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| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:Immediate precautionary measure |
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| Protective Action Criteria (PAC) | 3000 [ppm]6500 [ppm]39000 [ppm] |
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| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. |
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| Emergency Response Planning Guidelines | · DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED. |
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| 환경 거동 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 22(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that difluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of difluoromethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.29 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Difluoromethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 12,600 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). Difluoromethane, present at 3.38 mg/L, reached 8% of its Theoretical oxygen demand in 28 days using an activated sludge inoculum in the OECD 301D test(4), indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 22(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that difluoromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.29 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hours and 3 days, respectively(SRC). Difluoromethane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 0.20(5) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Difluoromethane, present at 3.38 mg/L, reached 8% of its Theoretical oxygen demand in 28 days using an activated sludge inoculum in the OECD 301D screening test(6).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), difluoromethane, which has a vapor pressure of 12,600 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase difluoromethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 years(SRC), calculated from the preferred rate constant value of 1.1X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec(3). The reaction of difluoromethane with hydroxyl radicals will form carbonyl difluoride(4). Atmospheric life-times for difluoromethane have been reported as 5.28-7.3 years(4-8). Difluoromethane has estimated 20-, 100- and 500-year Global Warming Potentials of 1800-2920, 550-889 and 180-276, respectively(4-7). Difluoromethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(9) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
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| 유해 작용 | Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome |
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| 독성 요약 | IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Difluoromethane (HFC32) is a colorless gas. It is used in refrigeration, organic synthesis, and as a tracer gas in gas chromatography and photoacoustic spectroscopy. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: Inhalation of HFC32 (up to 50,000 ppm) caused no organ-specific effects. HFC32 did not sensitize the heart to adrenaline. HFC32 is slightly maternally and developmentally toxic at 50,000 ppm in rats, but not in rabbits. No evidence of teratogenicity was noted in rats or rabbits. |
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| Effluent Concentrations | Difluoromethane was detected in stack emissions from waste incineration(1). Difluoromethane emissions increased over the period of 2005 to 2013 from 0.1 to 12 Gg/year in China(2). |
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| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of difluoromethane can be estimated to be 22(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that difluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil. |
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| Artificial Pollution Sources | Difluoromethane's production and use as a refrigerant(1), coolant(1) and a tracer gas(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). |
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| Environmental Biodegradation | AEROBIC: Difluoromethane, present at 3.38 mg/L, reached 8% of its Theoretical oxygen demand in 28 days using an activated sludge inoculum in the OECD 301D screening test(1). |
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| Environmental Bioconcentration | An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for difluoromethane(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.20(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). |
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| Volatilization from Water/Soil | The Henry's Law constant for difluoromethane is estimated as 0.29 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that difluoromethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3 days(SRC). Difluoromethane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces will occur(SRC). Difluoromethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 12,600 mm Hg(3). |
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| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ HFC32 (up to 50,000 ppm) caused no organ-specific effects, but resulted in slight maternal toxicity to the pregnant rat and rabbit and some fetotoxicity to the rat./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ The present paper summarizes data on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), including pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), difluoromethane (HFC-32) and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa), used as refrigerants, published in openly available scientific literature. ... HFC-32 is slightly maternally and developmentally toxic at 50,000 ppm in rats, but not in rabbits. ... No evidence of teratogenicity for these HFCs was noted in rats or rabbits. There is limited information about the reproductive toxicity of these HFCs. Animal studies remain necessary for risk assessments of chemicals because it is difficult to find alternative methods to determine the toxic effects of chemicals. It is required to reduce emissions of organic vapors containing HFCs to reduce the risk of exposure./OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ HFC32 did not sensitize the heart to adrenaline. ... |
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| Environmental Abiotic Degradation | The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of difluoromethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 2.52X10-15 to 9.5X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec, the preferred value is 1.1X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec(1-2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(3). The reaction of difluoromethane with hydroxyl radicals will form carbonyl difluoride(4). Atmospheric life-times for difluoromethane have been reported as 5.28-7.3 years(4-8). Difluoromethane has estimated 20, 100 and 500 year Global Warming Potentials of 1800-2920, 550-889 and 180-276, respectively(4-7). Difluoromethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(9) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Difluoromethane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(9). |
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| Probable Routes of Human Exposure | According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, five reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the manufacturing, processing, or use of difluoromethane in the United States may be as low as <10 workers up to the range of 100-499 workers per plantthe data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).Occupational exposure to difluoromethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where difluoromethane is produced or used. With increasing emissions of difluoromethane, the general population may be exposed via inhalation of ambient air. (SRC) |
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