Huagongshe화공사 화학 정보 인쇄 보고서 · 연구 참고용
이황화탄소
이황화탄소 · 디티오탄소무수물 · 설포탄소무수물 · 이유화탄소CARBONBISULFIDE · 탄소황화합물 · 탄소디황화합물 · 탄소비황화합물 · 탄소이황화합물
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 12122-00-8 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | CS2 |
| 평균 분자량 | 76.15 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 75.944142 g/mol |
| SMILES | S=C=S |
| InChIKey | QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 6348 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1365180 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:23012 |
| EC No. | 200-843-6 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID6023947 |
| 현지명 | 이황화탄소 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| XLogP | 2.1 |
|---|---|
| 극성 표면적 | 64.2 |
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 2 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 0 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 3 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 18.3 |
| 물질 분류 | Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)Teratogens |
| 의약품 | Pharmaceuticals -> Metabolite of Disulfiram |
| Solvents | Solvents -> Other Solvents |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Gibbs energy |
| 농약 | Pesticide -> EPA IRISInsecticides, NematicidesActive substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approvedVolatile Organic Compound (VOC) (Pesticide/Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)) |
| LogP(분배 계수) | log Kow = 1.941.84 |
| 냄새 | Purest distillates have sweet, pleasing, and ethereal odor ... usual commercial and reagent grades are foul smellingWhen pure, carbon disulfide has sweetish aromatic odor similar to that of chloroform.0.016~0.42ppm(평균 = 0.2ppm)에서 양배추 냄새가 감지됩니다. |
| 밀도 | 1.2632 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than waterwill sink1.2632 g/cu cm at 20 °CSaturated vapor density = 0.08021 lb/cu ft at 70 °CRelative density (water = 1): 1.261.2632 @25 °C1.266 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Viscosity | Coefficient of viscosity = 0.363 at 20 °C |
| Color/Form | Mobile ... liquidClear, colorless or faintly yellow liquid |
| 용해도 | less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)In water, 2160 mg/L at 25 °CSoluble in waterSlightly soluble in waterSoluble in chloroformmiscible with ethanol, etherFor more Solubility (Complete) data for Carbon disulfide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.알코올, 에테르, 벤젠, 오일, 클로로포름 및 사염화탄소에 용해됩니다. |
| Corrosivity | Carbon disulfide is normally stored and handled in mild steel equipment. ... Copper and copper alloys are attacked by carbon disulfide and must be avoided.Liquid carbon disulfide will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings. |
| 녹는점 | -112--111 °C (lit.) |
| 끓는 점 | 46 °C (lit.) |
| 증기 밀도 | 2.67 (vs air) |
| 증기압 | 5.83 psi ( 20 °C) |
| 굴절률 | n20/D 1.627(lit.) |
| 인화점 | −29 °F |
| 저장 조건 | 2-8°C |
| 물리적 상태 | 액체 |
| 색상 | ≤10(APHA) |
| 비중 | 1.26 |
| 폭발한계 | 1-60%(V) |
| 후각 역치 | 0.21ppm |
| 용해도 | 2.9g/L(20℃) |
| 비열 | Cp(liquid): 1 J/(g·K)Cp(gas): 0.6 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 14,1811 |
| BRN | 1098293 |
| 헨리 상수 | 24.25 (atmm3/mol) at 24 °C (Elliott, 1989) |
| 유전율 | 2.6(Ambient) |
| 안정성 | Stable. Extremely flammable. Highly volatile. Note low flash point and very wide explosion limits. Protect from heat, friction, shock, sunlight. Reacts violently with fluorine, azide solutions, zinc dust, liquid chlorine in the presence of iron. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, azides, aluminium, zinc, most common met |
| InChI | 1S/CS2/c2-1-3 |
| InChIKey | QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | S=C=S |
| 표면장력 | 32.3mN/m at 20°C |
| NIST | Carbon disulfide(75-15-0) |
| EPA | Carbon disulfide (75-15-0) |
화학적 성질
Carbon disulfide (carbon bisulfide; CS2; CASRN 75-15-0), in its pure form is a colorless liquid that evaporates readily at room temperature, with a sweet aromatic odor similar to that of chloroform. In its impure commercial and reagent form, however, carbon disulfide is a yellowish liquid with a foulsmelling odor. It can be detected by odor at about 1 ppm but the sense of smell fatigues rapidly and, therefore, odor does not serve as a good warning property. It has a vapor pressure of 297mmHg and solubility in water by weight of 0.3% at 20 °C (68 °F). Once carbon disulfide is in the air it will break down into simpler substances within a few days after release (OEHHA, 2001).
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | DangerH225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: Carbon disulfideHazard Traits - Developmental ToxicityNeurotoxicityReproductive ToxicityCarbon disulfide is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Carbon disulfide are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)TP - indicates a substance that is the subject of a proposed TSCA section 4 test rule.2002/2076Status: Active Update: 16-12-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14292 |
| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - Carbon disulfide: Human health tier II assessment |
| 운송 라벨(DOT) | Flammable Liquid Poison |
| 화재 위험 | Ignition temperature is dangerously low. Vapors may be ignited by contact with an ordinary (incandescent) light bulb. When heated to decomposition, it emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur. When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of sulfur oxides and can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Avoid air, rust, halogens, metal azides, metals, oxidantswhen exposed to heat or flame reacts violently with aluminum, chlorine, azides, hypochlorite, ethylamine diamine, ethylene imine, fluorine, metallic azides of lithium, potassium, cesium, rubidium and sodium, nitrogen oxides, potassium, zinc and (sulfuric acid plus permanganate). Decomposes on standing for a long time. (EPA, 1998)· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.Highly flammable. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive. |
| 화재 가능성 | Carbon disulfide vapor is explosive, igniting spontaneously on contact with sparks or at temperatures above 147 degrees C.The vapor ignites on contact with fluorine.Dangerous when exposed to heat, flame, sparks, friction, or oxidizing materials.The substance may ignite spontaneously on contact with hot surfaces ... Reacts violently with oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard. |
| 건강 유해성 | The material affects the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, eyes, kidneys, liver, and skin. It may be absorbed through the skin as a vapor or liquid, inhaled or ingested. The probable oral lethal dose for a human is between 0.5 and 5 g/kg or between 1 ounce and 1 pint (or 1 pound) for a 70 kg (150 lb.) person. In chronic exposures, the central nervous system is damaged and results in the disturbance of vision and sensory changes as the most common early symptoms. Lowest lethal dose for humans has been reported at 14 mg/kg or 0.98 grams for a 70 kg person. Alcoholics and those suffering from neuropsychic trouble are at special risk. (EPA, 1998)· TOXICmay be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. |
| 유해성 요약 | Pure carbon disulfide is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor that is like the smell of chloroform. The impure carbon disulfide that is usually used in most industrial processes is a yellowish liquid with an unpleasant odor, like that of rotting radishes. Carbon disulfide evaporates at room temperature, and the vapor is more than twice as heavy as air. It easily explodes in air and also catches fire very easily. In nature, small amounts of carbon disulfide are found in gases released to the earth's surface as, for example, in volcanic eruptions or over marshes. Commercial carbon disulfide is made by combining carbon and sulfur at very high temperaturesExposure to carbon disulfide occurs mainly in the workplace. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of humans to carbon disulfide has caused changes in breathing and chest pains. Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, headache, mood changes, lethargy, blurred vision, delirium, and convulsions have also been reported in humans acutely exposed by inhalation. Neurologic effects, including behavioral and neurophysiological changes, have been observed in chronic (long-term) human and animal inhalation studies. Reproductive effects, such as decreased sperm count and menstrual disturbances, have been observed in humans exposed to carbon disulfide by inhalation. Animal studies support these findings. EPA has not classified carbon disulfide for human carcinogenicity.Liquid causes first degree burns on short exposure[CHRIS] Carbon disulfide has good warning propertiesits vapor is heavier than air. Elevation of liver function tests has been reported after acute exposure. [LaDou, p. 497-8] It can cause both acute and chronic encephalopathy. Alice Hamilton described in the 1920s two cases, one of slowly developing paralysis of the legs, the other of rapidly developing manic-depressive insanity. [Hamilton A. Exploring the Dangerous Trades. Beverly, MA: OEM Press, 1995, p. 389] There is limited evidence that CS2 can increase spontaneous abortion in humans and birth defects in animals. There is also evidence that CS2 can decrease sperm counts in experimental animals and reduce libido in exposed workers. [Frazier, p. 171-2] The risk of death from coronary heart disease was increased 2.5 to 5 fold in a studies of viscose rayon workers. [NIOSH Guidelines for Chemical Hazards] Viscous rayon workers suffered retinal hemorrhages and microvascular aneurysms. Optic nerve damage was also seen after heavy acute or chronic exposure. [Sullivan, p. 1209] Vigliani studied over 380 cases in Italy that occurred in the decades prior to 1953. He concluded that chronic exposure to at least 45 ppm was necessary to cause intoxication. [ACGIH] Heavy, chronic exposure to CS2 is associated with kidney disease as a secondary effect from the accelerated atherosclerosis. [LaDou, p. 423] See No evidence of cardiovascular toxicity in workers exposed below 5 ppm carbon disulfide. [PMID 26940896] |
| 운송 번호 및 가이드(DOT) | 1131 131 |
| 반응성 그룹 | Sulfides, Inorganic |
| EC 분류 | Symbol: F, TR: 11-36/38-48/23-62-63S: (1/2)-16-33-36/37-45 |
| UN 분류 | UN Hazard Class: 3UN Subsidiary Risks: 6.1UN Pack Group: I |
| Special Reports | Coppock RW et alVet Hum Toxicol 23 (5): 331 (1981). A review on toxicology of carbon disulfide.NEAL RA, HALPERT JANNU REV PHARMACOL TOXICOL 22: 321 (1982). REVIEW OF TOXICOLOGY ON THIO-SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS.NIOSHCriteria Document: Carbon Disulfide (1977) DHEW Pub NIOSH 77-156International Programme on Chemical SafetyConcise International Chemical Assessment Document Number 46: Carbon disulfide (2002). CICADs are concise documents that provide summaries of the relevant scientific information concerning the potential effects of chemicals upon human health and/or the environment.[Available from, as of December 20, 2017: http://www.inchem.org/pages/cicads.html]For more Special Reports (Complete) data for Carbon disulfide (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 소화 | If the vapor concentration exceeds 2 percent by volume or is unknown, self-contained breathing mask with full face should be used by all persons entering contaminated area. Wear special protective clothing. Isolate for 1/2 mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire.Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. |
| 응급 조치 | Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Give nothing to drink. Refer for medical attention . |
| 누출 비상 조치 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| 응급 처치 | Warning: Effects may be delayed. Caution is advised.General First Aid:(General first aid procedures) |
| 안전 보관 | Fireproof. Separated from oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Cool. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. |
| Firefighting Hazards | ... Corrosive liquid. May accumulate static electricity ...Flashback along vapor trail may occur. Vapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed area.... Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back ...A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.For more Firefighting Hazards (Complete) data for Carbon disulfide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 노출 관리 및 개인 보호 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - TTCA in urine = 0.5 mg/g creatininesample at end of shift5.0 [ppm] |
| 소화 절차 | To fight fire, use water, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, fog, mist.Water and foam may be ineffective on fire.If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish the fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.... Blanket with water to extinguish fire ...For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for Carbon disulfide (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 보관 조건 | ... Must be stored in airtight drums, handled with precautions, & in summer kept in shade and sprayed with water to prevent pressure developing. Large quantities ... must be stored under water.... Should be kept away from heat, sparks, and flames, and adequate ventilation should be provided. ... Storage and handling equipment are generally of conventional carbon steel construction. All parts of a system, incl piping, valves, and movable containers, must be earth-ground and firmly bonded by good electrical conductors to eliminate the possibility of static charge build-up and spark discharge.Store small containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Store bulk quantities under water or inert gas blanket. Outside or detached storage preferred.Fireproof. Separated from oxidants, food and feedstuffs. Cool.Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Refrigerate before opening. |
| 정리 방법 | 1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be reclaimed or collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. Carbon disulfide should not be allowed to enter a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion.Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Apply appropriate foam to diminish vapor and fire hazard.Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Combustion products include corrosive or toxic vapors.For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Carbon disulfide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 비화재 누출 대응 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]: |
| 처리 방법 | Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P022, D003, and F005, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.Carbon disulfide is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. A sulfur dioxide scrubber is necessary when combusting significant quantities of carbon disulfide.A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Carbon disulfide (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 독성학 정보 | CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile |
| 체내 부담 | All 8 samples of mother's milk from 4 urban areas of the U.S. contained carbon disulfide(1). Carbon disulfide was qualitatively detected in samples of mother's milk from Bayonne, NJ, Jersey City, NJ, Pittsburgh, PA, and Baton Rouge, LA(2). Diurnal 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, an indicator of exposure to carbon disulfide, excretion in urine samples collected from viscose production workers ranged from 3.4 to 41.5 mmol(3). Urinary concentration of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) of workers during the production of viscose rayon fibers ranged from not detected to 2.3 mg TTCA/g creatinine(4). Mean TTCA concentrations in urine of workers in the viscose industry were, mg/L (department): 1.96 (spool spinning), 5.06 (spinning of technical rayon), 6.55 (washing), 2.27 (post-treatment), and 1.14 (second aging)(5). |
| Treatment | Following oral exposure, administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Consider gastric lavage after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Intravenous urea (0.5 to 1.5 g/kg) has been recommended to inactivate free carbon disulfide in the blood. The efficacy of this treatment is unknown. Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. If the exposure occurred through eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If the exposure occurred through dermal contact, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. (T36) |
| 상호 작용 | ... CS2 treatment significantly increased the contractile response /uterine contractions of mid-gestation rats/ to KCl, carbachol, and A23187. The increase to A23187 was the greatest. In vitro exposure to CS2 immediately suppressed carbachol-induced contraction but did not affect spontaneous and KCl-induced contractions.... signs of carbon disulfide poisoning in animals are intensified by reserpine, iproniazid, and amphetamine...It is now recognized that the neural responses to carbon disulfide are greatly influenced by the mineral content of the diet, at least in animals. A highly mineralized diet offering substantial protection from neurologic effects.Inclusion of equimolar mixt of carbon disulfide in oral dose of approx 4 LD50's of carbon tetrachloride (5 mmol/kg) to phenobarbitone-pretreated rats reduced the amt of liver injury due to carbon tetrachloride & prevented deaths.For more Interactions (Complete) data for Carbon disulfide (35 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 표적 장기 | Cardiovascular (Heart and Blood Vessels), Hepatic (Liver), Neurological (Nervous System)Developmentalcentral nervous system, peripheral nervous system, cardiovascular system, eyes, kidneys, liver, skin, reproductive system |
| 건강 영향 | Following inhalation, subtle and transient changes in pulmonary function can be manifested as reduced vital capacity and decreased partial pressure of arterial oxygen. Patients can developed normochromic and normocytic anemia, eosinopenia, and an increase in reticulocyte cell numbers after oral exposure . Carbon disulfide poisoning can result in central nervous system depression, coma, respiratory paralysis, and death. It also may accelerate coronary artery disease. Peripheral neuropathies, cranial nerve dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric changes are present in over 70% of chronic carbon sulfide victims. (L592) |
| 생태독성 수치 | EC50Species: Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Green algae) size 10+8 cells/100 mLConditions: freshwater, static, 20 °CConcentration: 21000 ug/L for 96 hrEffect: growth, general /99% purity/Species: Chlorococcales (Green algae order)Conditions: freshwater, staticConcentration: 76000 ug/L for 24 hrEffect: physiology, assimilation efficiency /formulated product/LC50Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea)Conditions: freshwater, renewalConcentration: 2100 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence limit: 1900 to 2200 ug/L) /99% purity/Species: Gambusia affinis (Western mosquitofish) adultConditions: freshwater, static, 18-22 °C, pH 7.4-8.0Concentration: 162000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulated product/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Carbon disulfide (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 환경 거동 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 48(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that carbon disulfide is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of carbon disulfide from moist soil surfaces is expected to occur(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.44X10-2 atm-cu m/mole at 24 °C(4). Carbon disulfide is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 359 mm Hg(5). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 2% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 48(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that carbon disulfide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). Carbon disulfide is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3) based on a Henry's Law constant of 1.44X10-2 atm-cu m/mole at 24 °C(4). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.6 hours and 3.5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), BCFs of <6.1 and <60 in carp at 50 and 5 ug/L, respectively(6) suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 2% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process based on a half-life of over 1 year under alkaline conditions(7).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), carbon disulfide, which has a vapor pressure of 359 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase carbon disulfide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.5 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec(3). Carbon disulfide has a weak UV adsorption band at 317 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). However, photolysis is not considered to be a relevant loss mechanism for the chemical(SRC). |
| 식품 조사 수치 | Seven samples of lima beans, five of common beans, two of lentils and one sample of mung beans, soybeans, and split peas that were analyzed contained a mean carbon disulfide concentration of 2.3 ppbrange was 1.8 to 3.1 ppb(1). Some of these samples were obtained from health stores and one was from a home garden where it was grown without the use of herbicides or insecticides(1). Stored grain has been fumigated with carbon disulfide in the past. The carbon disulfide concentration in 9 samples of wheat, range from 64 to 7,500 ppb although none was found in samples of corn, oats, corn meal, and corn grits(2). While one sample of bleached flour contained 23 ppb, other samples tested, including corn muffin mix, cake mixes, dried lima beans, noodles and rice, were free of the fumigant(2). With the exception of granola, which contained 11 ppb of carbon disulfide, none of the 18 samples of table-ready food items tested contained carbon disulfide(3). The items tested contained representative samples of most classes of food(3). In addition, samples of butter and margarine, cheese, peanut butter, and highly processed foods from the US FDA's market basket survey contained no carbon disulfide(3). However some ready-to-eat food products, specifically two samples of corn chips, and oat ring cereal contained 80, 230, and 95 ppb of carbon disulfide, respectively(3). In an FDA Survey of 549 food items for fumigant residues, 7 were found to contain carbon disulfide(4). The average concentration of carbon disulfide residues was 738 ppb(4). Carbon disulfide has been identified as a volatile component in chicken and beef flavor(5).Carbon disulfide was detected in the following fruits and vegetables sampled from a major wholesale market in Sydney, Australia between 1993 and 1995(1). [Table#105] |
| 유해 작용 | Neurotoxin - Sensorimotor |
| 노출 경로 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contactInhalation (L593)oral (L593)dermal (L593)eye contact (L593) |
| Milk Concentrations | All 8 samples of mother's milk from 4 urban areas of the U.S. contained carbon disulfide(1). Carbon disulfide was qualitatively detected in samples of mother's milk from Bayonne, NJ, Jersey City, NJ, Pittsburgh, PA, and Baton Rouge, LA(2). |
| RCRA 요건 | D003A solid waste containing carbon disulfide may become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to testing for reactivity as stipulated in 40 CFR 261.23, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.P022As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when carbon disulfide, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).F005When carbon disulfide is a spent solvent, it is classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source (F005), as stated in 40 CFR 261.31, and must be managed according to State and/or Federal hazardous waste regulations. |
| TSCA 요건 | Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date: 3/11/94Reporting date: 5/10/94.Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Carbon disulfide is included on this list. Effective date: 3/11/94Sunset date: 6/30/98.Manufacturers and processors of carbon disulfide are required to conduct in vitro dermal absorption rate tests under TSCA section 4. |
| FIFRA 요건 | Tolerances are established for the nematicide, insecticide, and fungicide carbon disulfide, from the application of sodium tetrathiocarbonate, in or on the following raw agricultural commodities:[Table#104] |
| 대기 기준 | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Carbon disulfide is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Carbon disulfide is included on this list. |
| CERCLA 보고 수량 | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b).Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Carbon Disulfide is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 10,000 lbs. |
| 청정수법 요건 | Carbon disulfide is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance. |
| DHS Chemicals of Interest (COI) | Carbon disulfide120000Toxic chemical that can be released at a facility. |
| 주 식수 지침 | (AZ) ARIZONA 830 ug/L(CA) CALIFORNIA 160 ug/L(FL) FLORIDA 350 ug/L(MN) MINNESOTA 700 ug/LFor more State Drinking Water Guidelines (Complete) data for Carbon disulfide (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 직업 노출 등급(OEB) | B |
| 직업 노출 한계(OEL) | TWA: 1 ppm (3 mg/m3), STEL: 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) [skin] |
| 수질 위해 등급(WGK) | 2 |
| 즉시 생명 위험 농도 | 500 ppm |
| TSCA 등재 상태 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 번호 | FF6650000 |
| 운송 번호(UN) | UN 1131 |
| 독성 | LC50 inhal (rat) 25,000 mg/m3 (2 h) STEL (OSHA) 12 ppm (36 mg/m3)-skin PEL (OSHA) 4 ppm (12 mg/m3) TLV-TWA (ACGIH) 10 ppm (31 mg/m3)-skin |
| 관세 코드 | 2813 10 00 |
| 위험 문구(R) | 11-36/38-48/23-62-63-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-48/20-40-36/37/38-19 |
| 위험 표시 | F,T |
| 안전 문구(S) | 16-33-36/37-45-7-26 |
| 포장분류 | I |
| 위험 등급 | 3Acute Tox. 4 InhalationEye Irrit. 2Flam. Liq. 2Repr. 2Skin Irrit. 2STOT RE 1 |
| 기존화학 물질 | KE-04755 |
| 자연 발화 온도 | 90 °C |
| 저장 분류 | 3 - Flammable liquids |
| 유해 물질 데이터 | 75-15-0(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| 함량 및 규제정보 | 물질구분: 사고대비물질혼합물(제품)함량정보: 이황화 탄소 및 이를 0.1% 이상 함유한 혼합물 |
| 유해화학물질 필터링 | 97-1-239 |
| 중점관리물질 필터링 | 별표1-17 |
| 사고대비 물질 필터링 | 10 |
용도
개요
For many years, carbon disulfide was manufactured by the reaction of charcoal with sulfur vapor at temperatures of 750– 1000 C, but by the mid-twentieth century, especially in the United States, the process was superseded by the reaction of natural gas (principally methane) with sulfur.
용도
Carbon disulfide is used as a raw material in the production of such things as rayon, cellophane, semiconductors, and carbon tetrachloride, and to make some pesticides. It is used as an industrial solvent and chemical intermediate to dissolve rubber to produce tires (ATSDR, 1996), as well as in grain fumigation, analytical chemistry research, degreasing, dry cleaning, and oil extraction (Finkel et al., 1983). Natural sources of carbon disulfide include the open ocean, coastal areas of high biological activity, microbial reduction of sulfates in soil, marshlands, and some higher plants where the source of carbon disulfide is the tree roots (Carroll, 1985; Khalil and Rasmussen, 1984). Previously, carbon disulfide was used as a pesticide, where it was typically mixed with carbon tetrachloride in a 20/80 mixture, respectively. This mixture was used to exterminate insects and rodents from entire boxcars of wheat, corn, rye, and other grains (Peters et al., 1988). Grain fumigators can be acutely intoxicated and may be chronically exposed to carbon disulfide. Therefore, in the late 1980s, all pesticides containing carbon disulfide as an active ingredient were cancelled by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) (U.S. EPA, 1999).
일반 설명
Pure carbon disulphide is a colourless liquid with a pleasant odour similar to that of chloroform, while the impure carbon disulphide is a yellowish liquid with an unpleasant odour, like that of rotting radishes. Exposure to carbon disulphide occurs in industrial workplaces. Industries associated with coal gasification plants release more of carbon disulphide, carbonyl sulphide, and hydrogen sulphide. Carbon disulphide is used in large quantities as an industrial chemical for the production of viscose rayon fibres. In fact, the major source of environmental pollution both indoor and outdoor by carbon disulphide is caused by emission released into the air from viscose plants.
제조 및 합성 방법
제조 방법
Carbon disulfide is manufactured by heating sulfur vapor with charcoal, and condensing vapors of the compound formed. Alternatively, it may be obtained by heating sulfur with natural gas or petroleum fractions. Instead of sulfur, H2S may be used. The reaction occurs at very high temperatures. The product obtained in these reactions may contain sulfur impurities. Carbon disulfide is purified by distillation.