트리플루오로보란
삼불화붕소 · 트리플루오로보란 · 트라이플루오라이드 붕소 · 트리플루오르화붕소 · BF3 · Trifluoroborane · BoronTrifuoride · anca1040
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 20654-88-0 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | BF3 |
| 평균 분자량 | 67.81 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 68.00451506 g/mol |
| SMILES | FB(F)F |
| InChIKey | WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 6356 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2220705 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:33093 |
| EC No. | 231-569-5 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID7041677 |
| 현지명 | 트리플루오로보란 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| 극성 표면적 | 0 |
|---|---|
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 3 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 0 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 4 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 8 |
| 물질 분류 | Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Corrosive GasesReactive agents - 1st degree |
| PFAS | PFAS -> Suspected persistent, mobile, toxic (PMT) PFAS or PFAS-like compounds |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | crystal structure |
| 냄새 | Pungent, suffocating odorPungent, irritating1.5ppm에서 매운 냄새 감지 가능 |
| 밀도 | 1.6 (EPA, 1998) - Denser than waterwill sink1.57 at -100.4 °C/4 °C (liquid)3.07666 g/L (gas at STP)Density: 2.772 g/L2.99 @25 °C2.38(relative gas density)0.87 g/mL at 20 °C |
| Viscosity | 0.0171 m Pa.s (gas) at 25 °C |
| Color/Form | Colorless gas |
| 용해도 | 106 % (in cold H2O) (NIOSH, 2024)Solubility in water: 332 g/100 g at 0 °Csome hydrolysis occurs to form fluoboric and boric acidsSoluble in cold water, hydrolyzes in hot waterSoluble in concentrated sulfuric acid and most organic solventsSoluble in concentrated nitric acid, benzene, dichlorobenzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfideSolubility in anhydrous sulfuric acid: 1.94 g/100 gsoluble in most saturated and halogenated hydrocarbons and in aromatic compoundssoluble in H2O |
| Corrosivity | Boron trifluoride will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings |
| 끓는 점 | -148 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)-99.9 °C-100 °C-100 °C @760 [mm Hg]−100 °C(lit.) |
| Decomposition | Dangerouswhen heated to decomposition or upon contact with water or steam, will produce toxic and corrosive fumes of /hydrogen fluoride/.The toxic action of the halogenated borons is considerably influenced by their decomposition products (hydrofluoric acid-, fluoboric acid-, hydrochloric acid-). /Halogenated borons/ |
| 녹는점 | -196.1 °F (EPA, 1998)-126.8 °C-127 °C-196 °F−127 °C(lit.) |
| 증기 밀도 | 2.38 (21 °C, vs air) |
| 증기압 | >1 mmHg at 20 °C |
| 굴절률 | n20/D 1.38 |
| 인화점 | 4°C |
| 저장 조건 | 2-8°C |
| 물리적 상태 | 액체 |
| 색상 | 무색의 |
| 용해도 | 분해될 수 있음 |
| Merck | 14,1349 |
| LogP(분배 계수) | 1.070 (est) |
| NIST | Borane, trifluoro-(7637-07-2) |
| EPA | Boron trifluoride (7637-07-2) |
화학적 성질
Boron trifluoride is a nonflammable, colorless gas with an acrid suffocating odor. It forms thick acidic fumes in moist air. Dry boron trifluoride is used with mild steel, copper, copper-zinc and copper-silicon alloys, and nickel. Moist gas is corrosive to most metallic materials and some plastics. Therefore, Kel-F and Teflon are the preferred gasketing materials. Mercury containing manometers should not be used because boron trifluoride is soluble in mercury. It decomposes in hot water yielding hydrogen fluoride, Shipped as a nonliquefied compressed gas.
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | DangerH314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]P260, P264, P271, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P320, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H280 (69.9%): Contains gas under pressuremay explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| Hazards Identification | Toxic/poison by inhalation (TIH/PIH) |
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: Borane, trifluoro-Status: Active Update: 17-04-2020 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/5175Borane, trifluoro-: HSNO Approval: HSR001055 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| 운송 라벨(DOT) | Poison Gas Corrosive |
| 화재 위험 | When heated to decomposition or upon contact with water or steam, it will produce toxic and corrosive fumes of fluorine containing compounds. Decomposes upon heating or on contact with moist air, forming toxic and corrosive fumes of boric acid and hydrofluoric acid. Reacts with alkalis and fumes in moist air, producing particulates which reduce visibility. Reacts with alkali metals, alkaline earth metals (except magnesium), alkyl nitrates, and calcium oxide. It hydrolyzes in moist air to form boric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and fluoboric acid. (EPA, 1998)· Some may burn but none ignite readily.Not combustible. |
| 화재 가능성 | Nonflammable compressed gas. |
| 건강 유해성 | Highly toxicmay cause death or permanent injury after very short exposure to small quantities. Substance is irritating to the eyes, the skin, and the respiratory tract. (EPA, 1998)· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVEmay be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. |
| 유해성 요약 |
용도
개요
삼불화붕소는 상온에서 자극적인 냄새가 나고 독성을 가진 무색의 기체 상태를 유지하는 화합물로,공기보다 무거우며 공기와 반응해 하얀 색의 유독가스를 발생시키는 특징을 가지고 있습니다. 물에 녹으며 물에 의해 천천히 가수분해되어 부식성 물질을 생성합니다.
용도
삼불화붕소는 상업적으로 사붕산나트륨(Sodium tetraborate)에 불화수소산(Hydrofluoric acid)과황산(Sulfuric acid)을 단계적으로 첨가해서 생산되며, 유기 합성에 있어 시약으로 가장 많이 사용됩니다.
용도
BF3는 에스테르 화, 알 킬레이트, 중합, 이성질체 화, 설포 네이트, 니트로 화와 같은 유기 반응 촉매로 사용될 수있다. 할로겐화 붕소, 원소 붕소, 보란, 수소화 붕소 나트륨을 만드는 물질.
용도
Boron trifluoride is used as a catalyst for polymerizations, alkylations, and condensation reactions; To protect molten magnesium and its alloys from oxidation; as a gas flux for internal soldering or brazing; in ionization chambers for the detection of weak neutrons; and as a source of B10 isotope. By far the largest application of boron trifluoride is in catalysis with and without promoting agents.
용도
Boron trifluoride is the most widely used boron halide. Most applications take advantage of its strong Lewis acidity. The most important uses are in organic syntheses. Boron trifluoride is commonly used as a catalyst for Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions. It also is used to catalyze the cleavage of ethers to alcohols, to catalyze esterification reactions, and in the nitration and sulfonation of aromatic compounds. Many olefin polymerization reactions use BF3 as an initiator, in conjunction with a proton donor, such as water. Also BF3 is used to catalyze the isomerization of alkenes and alkanes and in petroleum cracking and desulfurization. Amine complexes of BF3 are used as epoxy curing agents.
일반 설명
Boron trifluoride is a colorless gas with a pungent odor. Boron trifluoride is toxic by inhalation. Boron trifluoride is soluble in water and slowly hydrolyzed by cold water to give off hydrofluoric acid, a corrosive material. Its vapors are heavier than air. Prolonged exposure of the containers to fire or heat may result in their violent rupturing and rocketing.
제조 및 합성 방법
제조 방법
Boron trifluoride is prepared by treating borax with hydrofluoric acid; or boric acid with ammonium bifluoride. The complex intermediate product is then treated with cold fuming sulfuric acid.