Huagongshe화공사 화학 정보 인쇄 보고서 · 연구 참고용
요오드포름
아이오도폼 · 요오드포름 · CHI3 · TRIIODOMETHANE · CHIT1 · CHIT · CHITD · ioforme
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 75-47-8 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | CHI3 |
| 평균 분자량 | 393.732 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 393.72124403 g/mol |
| SMILES | IC(I)I |
| InChIKey | OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 6374 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1451116 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:37758 |
| EC No. | 200-874-5 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID4020743 |
| 현지명 | 요오드포름 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| XLogP | 2.7 |
|---|---|
| 극성 표면적 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 0 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 0 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 4 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 8 |
| 물질 분류 | Other Uses -> Pharmaceuticals |
| 의약품 | Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15 |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Gibbs energy |
| 향료 | Fragrance Ingredient (Methane, triiodo-) -> IFRA transparency List |
| 냄새 | Characteristic, disagreeable odor타는 냄새. 자극적인 냄새 |
| 밀도 | 4.008 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than waterwill sinkSpecific Gravity: 4.008 g/cu cm @ 25 °C4.014.008 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| Color/Form | Yellow powder or crystalsYELLOW HEXAGONAL PRISMS OR NEEDLES FROM ACETONE |
| 용해도 | less than 1 mg/mL at 75 °F (NTP, 1992)Slightly solubleSOL IN ACETIC ACID13.6 g/100 ml ether @ 25 °C7.8 g/100 ml ethanol @ 25 °COne gram dissolves in 60 ml cold alcohol, 16 ml boiling alcohol, 10 ml chloroform, 7.5 ml ether, 80 ml glycerol, 3 ml carbon disulfide, 34 ml olive oilfreely sol in benzene, acetone, slightly sol in petr ether.클로로포름: 용해성5% |
| 끓는 점 | 424 °F at 760 mmHg (Sublimes) (NTP, 1992)218 °C424 °F (sublimes)410 °F (Decomposes)218°C |
| Decomposition | DECOMPOSES VIOLENTLY @ 400 °F (204 °C)DECOMPOSES @ HIGH TEMP WITH EVOLUTION OF IODINE.WHEN HEATED TO DECOMPOSITION ... EMITS TOXIC FUMES OF /HYDROGEN IODIDE/. |
| 녹는점 | 248 °F (NTP, 1992)119-122119 °CEnthalpy of melting @ mp: 3.9 kcal/moleenthalpy of sublimation @ 298 K: 16.7 kcal/molespecific heat @ 400 K: 19.60 cal/K.mole, @ 600 K: 21.52 cal/K.mole, @ 800 K: 22.64 cal/K.mole, @ 1000 K: 23.38 cal/K.mole246 °F |
| 증기 밀도 | 4.1 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than airwill sink (Relative to Air)13.6 (Air= 1) |
| 굴절률 | 1.4975 (estimate) |
| 저장 조건 | -20°C |
| 물리적 상태 | 결정성 분말 |
| 색상 | 밝은 노란색에서 어두운 노란색까지 |
| 생물학적 소스 | mouse |
| 용해도 | 불용성. 24&C에서 <0.1g/100mL |
| 비열 | Cp(gas): 0.19 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 14,5033 |
| BRN | 1697010 |
| 헨리 상수 | 6.2×10-3 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Fogg and Sangster (2003) |
| 안정성 | 안정적인. 강한 산화제, 환원제와 호환되지 않습니다. 가열하면 폭발할 수 있음. |
| 화장품 원료 기능 | 항균 |
| InChI | 1S/CHI3/c2-1(3)4/h1H |
| InChIKey | OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | IC(I)I |
| LogP(분배 계수) | 3.510 (est) |
| NIST | Methane, triiodo-(75-47-8) |
| EPA | Iodoform (75-47-8) |
화학적 성질
Iodoform is a yellow or greenish-yellow powder or crystalline solid that is volatile with steam and contains 96.69% iodine. It has a very characteristic pungent odor. An odor threshold of 0.005 ppm has been reported.
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 1363) of reports.WarningH302 (> 99.9%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 1363 reports by companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. |
|---|---|
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: Methane, triiodo-Iodoform: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
| 화재 위험 | Literature sources indicate that this chemical is nonflammable. (NTP, 1992) |
| 건강 유해성 | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Iodoform: |
| 유해성 요약 | Cases of CNS depression, delirium, and hallucinations were reported when iodoform was used as a topical antiseptic and absorbed through the wound. It causes severe liver injury in animal experiments. 2021 TLV Basis: thyroid effects and fetal/neonatal damage[ACGIH] See Iodine for the TLV of Iodides. |
| FDA 요건 | Iodoform is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. Limitation: for use only as polymerization-control agent. |
| 반응성 그룹 | Halogenated Organic Compounds |
| Special Reports | USEPAAmbient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Halomethanes (1980) EPA 440/5-80-051Bioassay of Iodoform for Possible Carcinogenicity (1978) Technical Rpt Series No. 110 DHEW Pub No. (NIH) 78-1365, U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20014 |
| OSHA Standards | Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 0.6 ppm (10 mg/cu m) is still enforced in some states. |
| Reactivity Profile | IODOFORM decomposes at high temperatures. Decomposes slowly in light at room temperature. Reacts violently with lithium. Is incompatible with mercuric oxide, calomel, silver nitrate, tannin, and balsam Peru. Is also incompatible with strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and magnesium. Vigorous reactions occur with acetone in the presence of solid potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, hexamethylenetetramine at 352 °F, mercury(I) fluoride and finely divided reduced silver. (NTP, 1992) |
| Flammable Limits | Noncombustible Solid |
| Air and Water Reactions | Insoluble in water. |
| NIOSH Recommendations | Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted avg: 0.6 ppm (10 mg/cu m). |
| 소화 | Fires associated with this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992) |
| 응급 처치 | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.(General first aid procedures) |
| 보관 조건 | Store in a cool place in airtight containers. Protect from light. |
| 비화재 누출 대응 | SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. |
| 처리 방법 | SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. |
| Preventive Measures | SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed or replaced.Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. |
| Respirator Recommendations | Important additional information about respirator selection |
| Threshold Limit Values (TLV) | 0.001 [ppm], as elemental iodine, inhalable fraction and vapor8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.6 ppm.Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.0.001 ppm (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2021] |
| Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) | none See Appendix G |
| Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) | 0.6 ppm (10 mg/m³)TWA 0.6 ppm (10 mg/m3) |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Iodoform:Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. |
| Other Standards Regulations and Guidelines | Australia: 0.6 ppm (1990)United Kingdom: 0.6 ppm, 10-min STEL 1.0 ppm (1991). |
| 표적 장기 | Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys, heart |
| 생태독성 수치 | LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnows) 2.92 mg/l/96 hr, flow-through bioassay @ 25.1 °C, pH 7.7, water hardness 44.2 mg/l CaCO3 /Purity 98%/EC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnows) 2.01 mg/l/96 hr, flow-through bioassay @ 25.1 °C, pH 7.7, water hardness 44.2 ml/l CaCO3 /Purity 98%/. /EC50 was based upon loss of equlibrium as manifested by the fish's inability to maintain an upright position when swimming./ |
| 환경 거동 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 35(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that iodoform is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of iodoform from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Iodoform is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 0.040 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Data on the biodegradability of iodoform in soil is not available(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 35(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that iodoform is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 40 hours and 25 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 43(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 3.03(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Data on the biodegradability of iodoform in water is not available(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), iodoform, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 0.396 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase iodoform is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 56 days(SRC), from its rate constant of 0.289X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Iodoform absorbs radiation >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis(SRC). Photolysis rates for iodoform were not located. |
| 유해 작용 | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation. |
| 노출 경로 | inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact |
| Signs and Symptoms | irritation eyes, skinlassitude (weakness, exhaustion), dizziness, nausea, incoordination, central nervous system depressiondyspnea (breathing difficulty)liver, kidney, heart damagevisual disturbance |
| Ongoing Test Status | The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=75-47-8] |
| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for iodoform can be estimated to be 35(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that iodoform is expected to have very high mobility in soil. |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | SYSTEMIC INTOXICATION AND VISUAL DISTURBANCES RESULTED FROM ABSORPTION OF EXCESSIVE AMT /OF IODOFORM/ APPLIED TO WOUNDS OR ABSCESSES, OR FROM INGESTION OF LARGE QUANTITIES, BUT NOT FROM APPLICATION TO THE EYE. ... MOST CHARACTERISTICALLY VISION WAS IMPAIRED BY RETROBULBAR NEURITIS WITH ACCOMPANYING CENTRAL SCOTOMA. IN RARE INSTANCES TRANSITORY COMPLETE BLINDNESS OCCURRED. IN SOME CASES THE BULBAR PORTION OF THE OPTIC NERVE WAS INVOLVED, WITH NEURORETINITIS & OCCASIONAL RETINAL HEMORRHAGES. AS A RULE, RECOVERY WAS SLOW ... IN MOST CASES VISION WAS COMPLETELY OR PARTIALLY RECOVERED, BUT RESIDUAL PALLOR OF THE TEMPORAL PART OF THE OPTIC NERVEHEAD WAS COMMON. EXCEPTIONALLY THE WHOLE NERVEHEAD BECAME ATROPHIC AND WHITE AND LITTLE VISION WAS RECOVERED.Both di- and tri-halogenated methane derivatives have been found to produce increased blood levels of methemoglobinthe greatest increase caused by iodo-, followed by bromo- and chloro- compounds. CNS functional disturbances are reported, including depression of rapid eyemovement sleep, as seen in carbon monoxide exposures. /Di- and tri-halogenated methane derivatives/POISONING IS OFTEN DUE TO ABSORPTION THROUGH WOUND WHEN IODOFORM DRESSINGS ARE USED (NO MORE THAN 2 G IODOFORM SHOULD BE SO USED). MAY CAUSE DERMATITIS. SYSTEMIC EFFECTS INCL VOMITING & ALL DEGREES OF CEREBRAL DEPRESSION OR EXCITATION, INCL DELIRIUM, HALLUCINATIONS, COMA, & DEATH. VERY RAPID PULSE IS CHARACTERISTIC, WITH OR WITHOUT SLIGHT FEVER.... Severe poisoning, which may be fatal, is characterized by headache, somnolence, delirium, and rapid feeble pulse. |
| Artificial Pollution Sources | Iodoform's production and use as an antiseptic and sensitizing agent in certain printing processes may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(1,2). However its present use is rather limited. Iodoform may be formed in finished drinking water during the chlorination process(3). When iodinated trihalomethanes occur, a medicinal taste or musty odor is imparted to the water. While there are only a few reports of iodoform in treated drinking water in the literature, strong medicinal odors have long been known to occur in such water. |
| Carcinogen Classification | IodoformTR-110: Bioassay of Iodoform for Possible Carcinogenicity (CASRN 75-47-8) (1978 )04/26/78No Evidence |
| Environmental Bioconcentration | An estimated BCF of 43 was calculated for iodoform(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.03(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. |
| 청정수법 요건 | Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Halomethanes/ |
| 직업 노출 등급(OEB) | B |
| 직업 노출 한계(OEL) | TWA: 0.6 ppm (10 mg/m3) |
| 수질 위해 등급(WGK) | 3 |
| TSCA 등재 상태 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 번호 | PB7000000 |
| 운송 번호(UN) | UN 1851 |
| 독성 | LD50 s.c. in mice: 1.6 mmoles/kg (Kutob, Plaa) |
| 관세 코드 | 29033990 |
| 위험 문구(R) | 20/21/22-36/37/38 |
| 위험 표시 | Xn |
| 안전 문구(S) | 26-36/37-36/37/39-22-24/25 |
| 기존화학 물질 | KE-34308 |
| F 고인화성물질 | 13 |
| 위험 등급 | Acute Tox. 3 InhalationAcute Tox. 4 DermalAcute Tox. 4 OralAquatic Chronic 2Eye Irrit. 2Skin Irrit. 2STOT SE 3 |
| 저장 분류 | 6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects |
| 유해 물질 데이터 | 75-47-8(Hazardous Substances Data) |
용도
개요
Iodoform is a stable, pale yellow crystalline solid. It is volatile with a characteristic pungent, unpleasant and penetrating odour, but with a sweetish taste. It is incompatible with strong oxidising agents, reducing agents, lithium, and metallic salts such as mercuric oxide, silver nitrate, strong bases, calomel, and tannin. Reports indicate that earlier iodoform was in use as a disinfectant and as an antiseptic or dressing and healing of wounds and sores for pets. Iodoform is the active ingredient in many antiseptic or dressing powders used for dogs and cats to prevent infection.
용도
Iodoform has limited use as a chemical intermediate and for medicinal purposes as disinfectant and antiseptic and has been used in veterinary medicine.
일반 설명
Bright yellow or yellow powder or crystals. Penetrating odor. Unctuous touch. Odor threshold 0.4 ppb.