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HCID 6405생성일: 2026년 10월 27일

삼차-아밀알코올

2-메틸-2-뷰탄올 · 삼차-아밀알코올 · 삼차-펜틸알코올 · TERT-AMYL ALCOHOL · T-AMYL ALCOHOL · 2-METHYLBUTAN-2-OL · tAmOH · t-amyl

https://huagongshe.com/ko/chemical/6405

삼차-아밀알코올 분자 구조식

식별자 및 물리적 특성

CAS No.75-85-4
분자식C5H12O
평균 분자량88.15 g/mol
단동위원소 질량88.088815 g/mol
SMILESCCC(C)(C)O
InChIKeyMSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID6405
ChEMBLCHEMBL44658
ChEBICHEBI:132750
EC No.200-908-9
DTXSIDDTXSID0041436
현지명삼차-아밀알코올

화학 및 물리적 성질

XLogP0.9
극성 표면적20.2
수소 결합 공여자 수1
수소 결합 수용자 수1
회전 가능 결합 수1
무거운 원자 수6
형식 전하0
복잡도39.2
물질 분류Flammable agents - 3rd degreeVolatile Organic Compound (VOC)
SolventsSolvents -> Alcohols (<C12)
pHSolution neutral to litmus6.0 (118g/l, H2O, 20℃)neutral
SpringerMaterials PropertiesBoiling point
향료Fragrance Ingredient (2-Methyl-2-butanol) -> IFRA transparency List
LogP(분배 계수)log Kow = 0.89
냄새Characteristic odorCamphor odor매운맛
맛Burning taste
밀도0.8096 at 20 °C/4 °C0.805 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
향미제EU Flavoring substances
Viscosity3.79 centipoise at 25 °C
Color/FormColorless liquid
녹는점-12 °C
끓는 점102 °C(lit.)
증기 밀도3 (vs air)
증기압15.5 hPa (20 °C)
굴절률n20/D 1.405(lit.)
인화점20 °C
저장 조건Store at +5°C to +30°C.
용해도알코올, 에테르, 벤젠, 클로로포름, 글리세롤, 오일 및 아세톤과 섞입니다.
물리적 상태액체
pKa(산도 계수)15.38±0.29(Predicted)
색상무색의
후각 역치0.088ppm
폭발한계1.3-9.6%(V)
용해도120g/L(20℃)
비열Cp(liquid): 2.8 J/(g·K), at 25℃
Merck14,7140
BRN1361351
헨리 상수6.5×10-1 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Brockbank (2013)
유전율11.7(20℃)
안정성빛에 민감합니다. 가연성이 높습니다. 강한 산화제와 호환되지 않습니다.
InChI1S/C5H12O/c1-4-5(2,3)6/h6H,4H2,1-3H3
InChIKeyMSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILESCCC(C)(C)O
LogP(분배 계수)0.890
표면장력24.04mN/m at 293.15K
NIST2-Butanol, 2-methyl-(75-85-4)
EPA2-Methyl-2-butanol (75-85-4)

화학적 성질

tert-Amyl alcohol is a volatile liquid.2-Methyl-2-butanol has a sour odor, a threshold value of 8.2 mg/m3 (2.3 ppm), an absolute perception limit of 0.04 ppm, and a 100% recognition level of 0.23 ppm .

안전 및 규제

GHS 분류DangerH225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P319, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.8% (11 of 610) of reports.H225 (98.2%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]
규제 정보Chemical: 2-Butanol, 2-methyl-Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 (Repealed by Com. Implementing Reg. (EU) No 872/2012)2-Butanol, 2-methyl- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 2-Butanol, 2-methyl- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 13-08-2020 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/100402-Methylbutan-2-ol: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)
운송 라벨(DOT)Flammable Liquid
화재 위험Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:
화재 가능성FLAMMABLE, DANGEROUS FIRE RISK.
건강 유해성Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:
유해성 요약Dangerous fire risk[Hawley] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritantInhalation of high concentrations may cause CNS effects[HSDB] An irritantInhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression[MSDSonline]
반응성 그룹Alcohols and Polyols
Reactivity AlertsHighly Flammable
Reactivity Profile

용도

용도

2-Methyl-2-butanol is used as a solvent in flavors, pharmaceuticals, corrosion inhibitors, resins, gums, coating materials and in organic synthesis. It acts as a frothing agent (ore flotation), surfactant (petroleum recovery) and stabilizing agent. Further, it is used in processing aids.

일반 설명

A clear, colorless liquid with an odor of camphor. Flash point 70°F. Density 0.81 g / cm3. Slightly soluble in water.

제조 및 합성 방법

생산 방법

tert-Amyl alcohol is prepared by hydrating 2-methyl-2- butenes. It can also be prepared by reducing pivalic acid.

TERT-AMYL ALCOHOL attacks plastics [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 236]. Reacts violently with acetyl bromide [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. Example: an explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid. Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives. Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenyl-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid [Chem. Eng. News 45(43):73 1967J, Org. Chem. 28:1893 1963]. Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive. They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous-carbon tetrachloride solutions. Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites. They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat. Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites [NFPA 491 M, 1991]. Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents. Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence [Wischmeyer 1969].
Flammable LimitsLower flammable limit: 1.2% by volumeUpper flammable limit: 9.0% by volume
Air and Water ReactionsHighly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.
NFPA Hazard Classification1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.
소화Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:
응급 처치Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:
노출 관리 및 개인 보호20.0 [ppm]
소화 절차If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Amyl alcohols/
보관 조건Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. Before entering a confined space where amyl alcohols may be present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from strong oxidizers, strong acids, and hydrogen trifluoride since violent reactions occur. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. /Amyl alcohols/KEEP TIGHTLY CLOSED & PROTECTED FROM LIGHT.
정리 방법Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive limit. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or similar material and deposit in sealed containers. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable. /Amyl alcohols/The objective of this study was to operate a novel, field-scale, aerobic bioreactor and assess its performance in the ex situ treatment of groundwater contaminated with gasoline from a leaking underground storage tank in Pascoag, RI. The groundwater contained elevated concentrations of MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether), TBA (tert-butyl alcohol), TBF (tert-butyl formate), BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene isomers), and other gasoline additives (tert-amyl methyl ether, di-isopropyl ether, tert-amyl alcohol, methanol, and acetone). The bioreactor was a gravity-flow membrane-based system called a Biomass Concentrator Reactor (BCR) designed to retain all biomass within the reactor. It was operated for six months at an influent flow rate that ultimately reached 5 gpm. The goal was to achieve a removal of all contaminants to <5 ug/L, which is the California Drinking Water advisory for MTBE. The concentration of TBA, an MTBE biodegradation byproduct, was consistently lower than that of MTBE. The other daughter compound detected in the influent, TBF, was degraded to concentrations below the detection limit of 0.02 ug/L. BTEX were consistently degraded to significantly lower levels in the effluent throughout the duration of the study (<1 ug/L). A similar high removal efficiency of the other gasoline oxygenates present in the groundwater (TAME, DIPE, and TAA) was also achieved. ...Environmental considerations-land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Amyl alcohols/Environmental considerations-water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Amyl alcohols/Environmental considerations-air spill Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Amyl alcohols, combustible liquid/
비화재 누출 대응Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:
처리 방법SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.Incineration /SRP: with appropriate emissions controls/. /Amyl alcohols/
Preventive MeasuresIf material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Amyl alcohols/Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and waterg. /Amyl alcohols/SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.
Isolation and EvacuationExcerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:Wear solvent resistant gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact. ACGIH and safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers recommend polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, neoprene, butyl rubber, neoprene + styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyurethane, SBR, and SBR/neoprene as protective materials. All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available for work each day, and put on before work. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full face-piece respiratory protection is worn. Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Remove nonimpervious clothing immediately if wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash. /Amyl alcohols/
체내 부담The urine of Finnish gasoline road-tanker drivers involved in loading and unloading 95- and 98-octane unleaded gasoline contained 2-methyl-2-butanol, a metabolite of methyl tert-amyl ether, at concentrations of 40 nmol/L (first urine after the work shift) and 20 nmol/L (next morning sample)(1). 2-Methyl-2-butanol was not detected in either blood or urine samples of gasoline road-tanker drivers collected in either October 1994 (n=13, urinen=14, blood) or August 1995 (n=20, blood and urine sampleslimit of quantitation <100 nmol/L)(2).
상호 작용2-Methyl-2-butanol (4.1 mmol/kg) induced a behavioral intoxication in rats (male, Sprague-Dawley, 160 to 300 g) at 8 min after the intraperitoneal administration of the pentanol. The intoxication was scored on a scale of 0 to 4, where 3 = 'very little or no recovery of righting reflex, heavy sedation, no spontaneous locomotor activity, flaccid muscles, absence of pelvic and abdominal elevation' and 2 = 'heavy sedation, pronounced motor coordination and sluggish movement, limbs extended away from the body'. After 2-methyl-2-butanol alone the intoxication was scored as approximately 2.9. The prior administration of the imidazobenzodiazepine Ro15-4513 (5 min before the alcohol) partially reversed the intoxication by 2-methyl-2-butanol and the score decreased to approximately 1.8. The Ro15-4513 was more effective at reducing the intoxication after treatment with ethanol than after treatment with the pentanol.
생태독성 수치EC50Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea)Conditions: freshwater, static, pH 8Concentration: 3185 mg/L for 24 hrEffect: behavior, equilibriumLC50Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age < or =24 hr)Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C, pH 7.6-7.7, hardness 16 degrees hardness (dH)Concentration: 4030 mg/L for 24 hr
환경 거동TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 73(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.89(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-methyl-2-butanol is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-methyl-2-butanol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.38X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). 2-Methyl-2-butanol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 16.7 mm Hg(5). 2-Methyl-2-butanol is expected to be resistant to biodegradation in soil(SRC) based on results from several screening studies (6-9). 2-Methyl-2-butanol contains a tertiary structure which is expected to decrease its biodegradability(10).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 73(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.89(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-methyl-2-butanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.38X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 and 22 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 2-Methyl-2-butanol is expected to be resistant to biodegradation in water(SRC) based on results from several screening studies (7-10). 2-Methyl-2-butanol contains a tertiary structure which is expected to decrease its biodegradability(11).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-methyl-2-butanol, which has a vapor pressure of 16.7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-methyl-2-butanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.3 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 2-Methyl-2-butanol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
식품 조사 수치2-Methyl-2-butanol has been identified as a volatile in cassava(1) and fried bacon(2).
유해 작용Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome
생태독성 발췌/AQUATIC SPECIES/ 2-Methyl-2-butanol induced /CNS depression/ in tadpoles at 58 mM (lowest active concentration) and also induced /CNS depression/ in isolated frog heart at 182 mM (lowest active concentration). In a similar study, the threshold /CNS depressant/ concentrations in tadpoles was 55 mM for 2-methyl-2-butanol.
Effluent Concentrations2-Methyl-2-butanol was identified in final effluent from an oil refinery in Lockport, IL(1). It was present in trench leachate at the Maxey Flats, KY and West Valley, NY radioactive waste disposal sites(2). It was tentatively identified in the effluent of a sewage treatment works in Luton, England that fed into the River Lee(3).
Soil Adsorption/MobilityThe Koc of 2-methyl-2-butanol is estimated as 73(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.89(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-methyl-2-butanol is expected to have high mobility in soil.
TSCA Test Submissions2-Methyl-2-butanol (CAS # 75-85-4) was evaluated for subchronic inhalation toxicity. Groups of 10 CD-1 mice per sex were exposed 6 hrs/day, 5 days/week to 0, 50, 225 and 1000 ppm of test substance for 59-61 exposures in 87 days. No treatment related effects were observed at any concentrations. The no observable effect level (NOEL) is 1000 ppm.2-Methyl-2-butanol (CAS # 75-85-4) was evaluated for subchronic inhalation toxicity. Groups of 10 Fischer 344 rats per sex were exposed 6 hrs/day, 5 days/week to 0, 50, 225 and 1000 ppm of test substance for 59-61 exposures in 87 days. Toxic effects included lacrimation at 1000 ppm and in female rats at 225 ppm. The central nervous system (CNS) and liver were identified as target organs. Visible, but reversible motor impairment attributed to CNS depression was observed in female rats exposed to 1000 ppm. Liver toxicity consisted of increased absolute and relative liver weights in male rats exposed to 1000 ppm. The no observable effect level (NOEL) is 225 ppm.2-Methyl-2-butanol (CAS # 75-85-4) was evaluated for subchronic inhalation toxicity. The test substance was administered to 4 male beagle dogs exposed 6 hrs/day, 5 days/week to 0, 50, 225 and 1000 ppm for 59-61 exposures in 87 days. Toxic effects at 1000 ppm included signs of intoxication following the initial exposure with increasing tolerance to the following exposures. The dogs were unable to stand and one had a pronounced stagger following the initial exposure. The central nervous system (CNS) and liver were identified as target organs. Visible, but reversible motor impairment attributed to CNS depression was observed. Liver toxicity consisted of increased absolute and relative liver weights in dogs exposed to 1000 and 225 ppm. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was increased in dogs exposed to 1000 ppm. Microscopic examination of the tissues found cytoplasmic inclusions in the livers of one dog exposed to 1000, 225, and 50 ppm.
Natural Pollution Sources2-Methyl-2-butanol has been identified as a volatile in cassava(1) and fried bacon(2) suggesting that it may be a naturally-occurring chemical(SRC).
Human Toxicity Excerpts/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ All /amyl alcohols/ are appreciably irritating to the eyes and capable of causing transient corneal opacity. All are somewhat irritating to the uncovered skin when exposures are repeated and severely irritating when confined to the skin. All can be absorbed through the skin of animals in toxic amts when exposures are severe. High conc of vapor are irritating to the mucous membranes and typically cause central nervous system effects and death by respiratory failure. /Amyl alcohols//SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ No effects upon the nerves of the skin of men, and no local wheal formation, erythema, or hyperemia were observed ... following the application of tert-amyl alcohol to the skin./CASE REPORTS/ The ingestion of 27 g of 2-methyl-2-butanol (amylene hydrate) by an adult female resulted in unconsciousness within 0.5 hr, marked signs of intoxication through the following day, and complete recovery after 14 days. Ingestion of 18 g of 2-methyl-2-butanol by an adult resulted in unconsciousness, a deep sleep lasting more than one day, and a slow recovery. The administration of an enema of approximately 29 g of 2-methyl-2-butanol to an adult male resulted in death after 53 hr, but the case was complicated by concurrent pneumonia in the patient./CASE REPORTS/ A neurasthenic brewery manager who inhaled the vapors (primary active amyl and isoamyl isomers) from fermentation vats exhibited ... /CNS/ stimulation, insomnia, and chromatopsia. /Amyl alcohols/For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-METHYL-2-BUTANOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
직업 노출 등급(OEB)A
직업 노출 한계(OEL)TWA: 100.0 ppm360.0 mg/m3, STEL: 125.0 ppm450.0 mg/m3
수질 위해 등급(WGK)1
TSCA 등재 상태TSCA listed
RTECS 번호SC0175000
운송 번호(UN)UN 1105 3/PG 2
독성LD50 orally in rats: 1.0 g/kg (Schaffarzick, Brown)
관세 코드29051500
위험 문구(R)11-20-37/38-41-21
위험 표시F,Xn
안전 문구(S)46-39-36/37-26
포장분류II
위험 등급3Acute Tox. 4 DermalAcute Tox. 4 InhalationEye Dam. 1Flam. Liq. 2Skin Irrit. 2STOT SE 3
기존화학 물질KE-23573
자연 발화 온도819 °F
저장 분류3 - Flammable liquids
유해 물질 데이터75-85-4(Hazardous Substances Data)