과불화프로판

PFAS -> PFAS identified in REACH Regulation EC No. 1272/2008

PFAS -> Other/unspecified

PFAS -> non-polymer

PFAS -> Other/unspecified

PFAS -> OECD Category

PFAS -> Other Nonpolymers

Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15

Pharmaceuticals -> Various

In water, 5.7 mg/L at 15 °C

Miscible with water

Miscible with alcohol, ether. Soluble in benzene, chloroform

1.46e-01 g/L

Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Contrast Media; Diagnostic Agents; Fluorocarbons; Gases

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

EMA approved medicines: Human medicine

EMA approved medicines: Human medicine

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

-147.6 °C

-147.6 °C

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 11.2% (22 of 197) of reports.

Warning

H280 (88.8%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

P410+P403</a, and a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ghs/#P410+P403">P410+P403 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 197 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Warning

Chemical: Propane, octafluoro-

Propane, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,3-octafluoro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Propane, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,3-octafluoro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

REACH registered substance: Octafluoropropane (EC: 200-941-9)

Propane, octafluoro-: Non hazardous

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

· Some may burn but none ignite readily.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas.

A mild skin irritant; Causes zonal hepatitis, ulceration from the large intestine, change in righting reflex, dyspnea, and cyanosis in acute intravenous studies of rodents; Causes chronic pulmonary edema and hemorrhage in 3-week intravenous studies of rats; [RTECS] Non-flammable and non-ozone depleting fluorocarbon gas; [Merck Index] An asphyxiant; Liquid may cause frostbite; [ILMO Products MSDS] See 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane and 1,2-Dichlorohexafluoropropane.

The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, including perflutren, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

OCTAFLUOROPROPANE is chemically inert in many situations, but can react violently with strong reducing agents such as the very active metals and the active metals. They suffer oxidation with strong oxidizing agents and under extremes of temperature.

Octafluoropropane or Refrigerant gas R 218

UN2424

Div 2.2 Non-flammable compressed gas (49 eCFR § 173.115)

Press. Gas (Comp.) (88.8%)

Gases under pressure - Low pressure liquefied gas

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

General First Aid:

SRP: Expired or waste pharmaceuticals shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. It is not appropriate to dispose by flushing the pharmaceutical down the toilet or discarding to trash. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 900(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that octafluoropropane is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of octafluoropropane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 33 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 6630 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 5.7 mg/L(4). Octafluoropropane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2012).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 900(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that octafluoropropane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 33 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 6630 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 5.7 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 34(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.82(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2012).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), octafluoropropane, which has a vapor pressure of 6630 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Octafluoropropane has an Ozone Depletion Potential of zero(3), a calculated atmospheric lifetime of 2600 years(4), and calculated 100-yr Global Warming Potential of 7000(5). Octafluoropropane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The average emissions of octafluoropropane calculated over five year periods was as follows (Gg/yr): 1977-1982, 0.04; 1982-1987, 0.21; 1987-1992, 0.11; and 1992-1997, 0.48(1). Time-average global emissions of 0.12 for 1975-1979, 0.20 for 1980-1989, 0.26 for 1985-1989, 0.28 for 1990-1994, 0.65 for 1995-1999, 1.01 for 200-2004, and 0.76 Gg/yr 2005-2008 have been estimated(2).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of octafluoropropane is estimated to be 900(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that octafluoropropane is expected to have low mobility in soil.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The following adverse reactions have been identified during the post-marketing use of perflutren-containing microsphere products. ... Cardiopulmonary: Fatal cardiac or respiratory arrest, shock, syncope, symptomatic arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, bradycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia), hypertension, hypotension, dyspnea, hypoxia, chest pain, respiratory distress, stridor, wheezing. Anaphylactoid: Anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reaction, anaphylactic shock, hypersensitivity, bronchospasm, throat tightness, angioedema, edema (pharyngeal, palatal, mouth, peripheral, localized), swelling (face, eye, lip, tongue, upper airway), facial hypoesthesia, rash, urticaria, pruritus, flushing, erythema. Neurologic: Coma, loss of consciousness, convulsion, seizure, transient ischemic attack, agitation, tremor, vision blurred, dizziness, headache, fatigue.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/... Events typically occurred within 30 minutes of perflutren-containing microsphere administration. These serious events may be increased among patients with unstable cardiopulmonary conditions (acute myocardial infarction, acute coronary artery syndromes, worsening or unstable congestive heart failure, or serious ventricular arrhythmias.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Serious cardiopulmonary reactions including fatalities have occurred uncommonly during or shortly following perflutren-containing microsphere administration, typically within 30 minutes of administration. The risk for these reactions may be increased among patients with unstable cardiopulmonary conditions (acute myocardial infarction, acute coronary artery syndromes, worsening or unstable congestive heart failure, or serious ventricular arrhythmias). ... The reported reactions include: fatal cardiac or respiratory arrest, shock, syncope, symptomatic arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, bradycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia), hypertension, hypotension, dyspnea, hypoxia, chest pain, respiratory distress, stridor, wheezing, loss of consciousness, and convulsions.

/CASE REPORTS/ ... This report describes a case of sudden death approximately 5 minutes after the intravenous administration of 0.5 mL of perflutren contrast agent (Definity) during transthoracic echocardiography with suboptimal baseline images performed 10 days after coronary artery bypass graft surgery because of hypotension and tachycardia in a 73-year-old patient with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Autopsy did not reveal a clear direct relationship between perflutren and death. ...

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Octafluoropropane (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Octafluoropropane's production and use as a electrical insulating gas; refrigerant, plasma processing gas; fire protection agent, ultrasound contrast agent, and as an adjunct in repair of retinal detachment(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)

Perflutren

vNo-DILI-concern

0

No match

DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015

An estimated BCF of 34 was calculated in fish for octafluoropropane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.82(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for octafluoropropane is estimated as 33 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 6.63X10+3 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 5.7 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that octafluoropropane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). Octafluoropropane's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of octafluoropropane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Wistar rats were used to study inhalation toxicity of octafluoropropane (OFP, freon-218) at the following concentration: 300 g/cu m (4-hrs), 30 g/cu m (0.5 to 4 hrs), 3 g/cu m (8 hrs), and 0.3 g/cu m (16 hrs). According to the histological analysis, OFP at the concentrations of 300 and 30 g/cu m had a politrophic toxic effect. Target organs were the lung, trachea, bronchus, heart, kidney, and the adrenaL There were dystrophic and necrobiotic lesions in the upper airways epithelium. Subacute and chronic vesicular bronchiolitis developed on days 7 and 14, respectively. Visceral organs and brain were found plethoric and the lung was found hemorrhagic. Similar lesions were seen in the trachea, bronchus, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal, heart, and the brain. Lipid redistribution was observed in the adrenal cortex and vascular reactions of renal tissue with juxtamedullar blood shunting. Toxicity of small OFP concentrations (3 and 0.3 g/cu m) was distinguished by an extended after effect, these concentrations did not cause visible pathomorphologic changes but gave rise to an extended pathologic process detectable by biochemistry. In all concentrations, OFP impacted erythrocyte metabolism changing the lipid composition of cell membrane and activating membrane-bound adenosinetriphos-phatases. The activities of hepatocyte and myocardiac cytoplasmatic enzymes were altered in blood plasma. Increased malonic dialdehyde in blood plasma and decreased cell antioxidant GSH in erythrocytes suggested exaggerated lipid peroxidation.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Glomerular capillary hemorrhage (GCH) has been reported and confirmed as a consequence of contrast-enhanced diagnostic ultrasound (CEDUS) imaging of rat kidney. This study assessed renal tissue injury in the larger porcine model. The right kidneys of anesthetized pigs were imaged in 8 groups of 4 pigs. A Vingmed System Five ultrasound machine (General Electric Co, Cincinnati, OH) was used at 1.5 MHz in the B-mode to intermittently scan the kidney at 4-second intervals. An Acuson Sequoia 512 machine (Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA) was used in the 1.5-MHz Cadence contrast pulse sequencing mode with intermittent agent clearance bursts at 4-second intervals. Kidneys were scanned transabdominally or after laparotomy through a saline standoff. The second machine's probe was placed in contact with the kidney for 1 group. A perflutren lipid microsphere contrast agent (Definity; Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc, North Billerica, MA) was infused at 4 uL/kg/min (diluted 33:1 in saline) for 4 minutes during scanning. Blood-filled urinary tubules were evident on the kidney surface for all groups except the group with the probe in contact with the kidney. Glomerular capillary hemorrhage was found by histologic processing in 31.7% +/- 9.8% (mean +/- SD) of glomeruli in the center of the scan plane for 1.7-MPa transabdominal scanning and 1.5% +/- 2.9% of glomeruli in sham samples (P < 0.05). In addition, hematuria was detected after scanning, and tubular obstruction occurred in some nephrons. Renal tissue damage was induced by CEDUS in the porcine model. This result, together with previous studies in rats, support a hypothesis that GCH would occur in humans from similar CEDUS exposure.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Microbubbles have been reported to enhance ultrasound (US)-related side effects in animal systems. The present study investigated the influence of contrast ultrasonography (US) with perflutren lipid microspheres, a recently developed second-generation contrast agent, on microvessels. Rat mesentery was exposed to 1.8-MHz pulsed US with intravenous injection of perflutren (0.1 or 1.0 mL/kg) or Levovist (300 mg/kg), and the microvessel bleeding and endothelial cell injury was examined. Impaired endothelial cells were identified by the fluorescence of propidium iodide. Microvessel bleeding was examined also in the rat myocardium. The interaction between 0.1 mL/kg of perflutren and US exposure did not cause microvessel bleeding, and did not increase endothelial cell injury compared with the sham operation, unless frequent, strong US exposure occurred. When the dose was increased to 1.0 mL/kg, the combination of perflutren and US exposure resulted in capillary bleeding and increased endothelial cell injury in capillaries and venules (p<0.01). However, the incidence of microvessel bleeding and endothelial cell injury did not exceed that with Levovist microbubbles. In the myocardium, microvessel bleeding was not observed under any conditions. In conclusion, perflutren lipid microspheres enhanced US-related microvessel injury as with other contrast agents at the dose of 1.0 mL/kg, but not with 0.1 mL/kg and the appropriate US setting.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ An experiment with Wistar male rats was to look into the action of octafluoropropane (OFP, of 50 ug/cu m) combined with bipolar ionized air (BIA) at a concentration of light air ions of 60,000 para-air in cc. The chamber experiment was 43 days long. Intoxication by OFP reduced body mass, as well as the erythrocyte count and hemoglobin level in peripheral blood. As for BIA, it appeared to bring these indices back to their normal values. Erythrocyte metabolism underwent phase-by-phase shifts; but breathing BIA mitigated these shifts markedly. As regards to erythrocyte metabolism in intoxicated animals, BIA had a compensatory effect Changes in the biochemical profile of blood plasma make us think, that BIA counteracts the OFP damaging action on the myocardium and, at the same time, aggravates impairment of metabolism in the liver and, probably, kidney. Variations in the spectrum and total content of higher fatty acids in the lung in the experiment were more pronounced in the event of exposure to OFP+BIA than to OFP alone. Also, the combined exposure increased the level of laurinic acid. Histological investigations of the liver, spleen, myocardium, trachea and the lung attested to the dystrophic damage of the liver, spleen plethora and reticular hyperplasia, and slight cloudy swelling of the myocardium attributed to OFP. After 14 days since the end of the experiment, histological changes were much less dramatic; in 39 days after the experiment all the changes were gone with the exception of weak emphysematosis. BIA had no effect on animals in the absence of OFP; neither was there any significant difference between control (intact) animals and those who breathed BIA in laboratory. To conclude, 50 ug/cu m of OFP which falls far short of the existing maximum permissible levels, a strong toxic action on animals. Aside from mitigation of the OFP toxic action on erythrocytes and myocardium, BIA, when breathed with a long time, aggravated the metabolic disorders in the liver and lung provoked by OFP.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Octafluoropropane (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

It is not known whether perflutren-containing microspheres are excreted in human milk. Based on the rapid clearance of this drug, advise nursing mothers to pump and discard breast milk once after treatment. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when perflutren-containing microsphere products are administered to a nursing mother.

The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, including perflutren, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

Perflutren, a diagnostic drug that is intended to be used for contrast enhancement during the indicated echocardiographic procedures, comprised of lipid-coated microspheres filled with octafluoropropane(OFP) gas. It provide contrast enhancement of the endocardial borders during echocardiography. The perflutren lipid microspheres exhibit lower acoustic impedance than blood and enhance the intrinsic backscatter of blood.

Perflutren is comprised of gas-filled microspheres that are injected or infused into the body. When exposed to ultrasound waves, the microspheres resonate and "echo" strong signals back to the ultrasound machine. The difference in density between the gas-filled bubbles and the blood around them creates an increased level of contrast visible in the resulting ultrasound image. During echocardiography, activated Perflutren enhances images of the inner edges or borders of the heart, producing an improved image that may enable physicians to better diagnose patients.

Perflutren lipid microspheres exhibit lower acoustic impedance than blood and enhance the intrinsic backscatter of blood. These physical acoustic properties of activated perflutren-containing microspheres provide contrast enhancement of the left ventricular chamber and aid delineation of the left ventricular endocardial border during echocardiography.

The mean half-life of OFP in blood 1.9 minutes

OFP concentrations in blood were shown to decline in a mono-exponential fashion with a mean half-life of 1.3 minutes in healthy subjects.

The pharmacokinetics of octafluoropropane gas (OFP) was evaluated in subjects (n=11) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The mean half-life of OFP in blood was 1.9 minutes. The total lung clearance of OFP was similar to that in healthy subjects.

OFP is not metabolized. The phospholipid components of the microspheres are thought to be metabolized to free fatty acids.

OFP is a stable gas that is not metabolized. The phospholipid components of the microspheres are thought to be metabolized to free fatty acids.

CK0N3WH0SR

PERFLUTREN

Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Contrast Agent for Ultrasound Imaging

Mechanisms of Action [MoA] - Ultrasound Contrast Activity

Perflutren is a Contrast Agent for Ultrasound Imaging. The mechanism of action of perflutren is as an Ultrasound Contrast Activity.

PERFLUTREN

Human pharmacokinetics information is not available for the intact or degassed lipid microspheres. The pharmacokinetics of octafluoropropane gas (OFP) was evaluated in healthy subjects (n=8) after the IV administration of activated perflutren-containing microspheres at a 50 uL/kg dose. ... OFP was not detectable after 10 minutes in most subjects either in the blood or in expired air.

OFP gas binding to plasma proteins or partitioning into blood cells has not been studied. However, OFP protein binding is expected to be minimal due to its low partition coefficient into whole blood.

It is not known whether perflutren-containing microspheres are excreted in human milk.

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed to evaluate the kinetics of one of the newest sonographic contrast agents available, FS069 or Optison. This material consists of octafluoropropane gas encapsulated in proteinaceous microspheres, injected intravenously for use as a myocardial contrast agent in humans. This model has six compartments: two lung compartments (alveolar and dead volume), and compartments for the heart, slowly perfused tissue, richly perfused tissue, and gastrointestinal tract. The model was developed to determine the distribution and excretion of the octafluoropropane in the body. Despite the high affinity of octafluoropropane for tissue, the model predicted that nearly 100% of the material would be exhaled from the lungs within 6 min. The model verified the results of a phase I clinical trial with 10 healthy subjects. Ventilation rate was found to play a critical role in the complete excretion of this contrast agent. ...

Used as a high voltage insulator, refrigerant, plasma processing gas, fire retardant, ultrasound contrast agent, and in repair of retinal detachment; [Merck Index]

High voltage insulating gas; refrigerant when combined with chlorofluoro hydrocarbons; plasma processing gas; fire protection agent

Gaseous insulator, especially for radar waves guides.

MEDICATION

• Machinery and equipment [Ref: http://www.spin2000.net/spinmyphp/]

non-polymer PFAS -> Medicinal Utensils -> Retinal detachment surgery and proliferative vitreoretinopathy

2023: 120,000 lb

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule.[Table#8055]

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Dithionous acid, sodium salt (1:2). Aggregated National Production Volume: 1 to <10 million lbs.

Octafluoropropane (PFC 218) can be produced by direct, electrochemical, or CoF3-fluorination of commercially available hexafluoropropene.

Preparation: J.H. Simons, US 2456027 (1948 to Minnesota Mining Manufacturing)

Definity (perflutren lipid microsphere) injectable suspension

98% minimum purity. Nonflammable

Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing

Propane, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,3-octafluoro-: ACTIVE