Isobutyraldehyde

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

Use powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Remove contaminated clothes. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

WEAR GOGGLES & SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS. ... COOL EXPOSED CONTAINERS WITH WATER.

MATERIALS WHICH ARE TOXIC AS STORED OR WHICH CAN DECOMPOSE INTO TOXIC COMPONENTS ... SHOULD BE STORED IN A COOL WELL VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF THE DIRECT RAYS OF THE SUN, AWAY FROM AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD, AND SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED. INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED ... .

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

(1) Absorb on vermiculite and burn in open incinerator. (2) Dissolve in flammable solvent and spray in incinerator with after burner.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: protective clothing, protective gloves, safety goggles and filter respirator for organic vapours of low boiling point adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Cover the spilled material with inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 8.9X10+4(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that isobutyraldehyde is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of isobutyraldehyde from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 173 mm Hg(4), and its water solubility(2). The potential for volatilization of isobutyraldehyde from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a its vapor pressure(4). Biodegradation is expected to be the major environmental fate process for isobutyraldehyde in soil since it was found to readily biodegrade in water(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 8.9X10+4(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that isobutyraldehyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 173 mm Hg(4), and its water solubility(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.6 hrs and 4.6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 1(SRC), from its water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Isobutyraldehyde, present at 100 mg/l, reached 81% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/l and the Japanese MITI test(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), isobutyraldehyde, which has a vapor pressure of 173 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase isobutyraldehyde is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14.6 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Based upon direct photolysis measurements, the direct photolysis rate constants of isobutyraldehyde at solar zenith angles of 30 and 58 deg were determined to be 7.6X10-5 and 5.9X10-5 /sec(4), respectively, which correspond to respective half-lives of 2.5 and 3.3 hr(SRC).

Isobutyraldehyde has been qualitatively detected as a volatile constituent of coffee(1), fried bacon(2), roasted filbert nuts(3), cooked meats(4), and chickpeas(5). Isobutyraldehyde concns of 27-140 ppb were detected in dried samples of lima beans, common beans, mung beans, soybeans, split peas, and lentils(6). Isobutyraldehyde has been qualitatively detected in peanut butter(7), cheddar cheese(8), and bread(9). Isobutyraldehyde was qualitatively detected in whole and ground grain samples(10).

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Headache. Dizziness. Nausea. Vomiting.

Redness.

Pain. Redness.

Abdominal cramps. Aspiration hazard! Further see Inhalation.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=78-84-2]

Isobutyraldehyde emission factors ranging from 2.6 to 79.5 mg/kg were detected in the flue gas of cookstoves(1). Isobutyraldehyde's emission rate from hamburger meat charbroiling over a natural gas fired grill was measured and found to be 373,000 ug/kg(2).

An isobutyraldehyde concn of 0.13 ppm was detected in an automobile exhaust sample(1); isobutyraldehyde was qualitatively detected in wood smoke emissions(1). Isobutyraldehyde has been detected in volatile emissions from Northern white cedar trees(2). Monitoring of automobile exhaust from four vehicles equipped in low nitrogen oxide catalytic converters, detected mean isobutyraldehyde emission rates of 0.14-1.57 mg/km(3).

The Koc of isobutyraldehyde is estimated as 8(SRC), using a water solubility of 8.9X10+4(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that isobutyraldehyde is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

REPORTED FOUND IN APPLE & CURRANT AROMAS & IN ESSENTIAL OILS FROM TOBACCO LEAVES & TEA LEAVES; ALSO IN THE ESSENTIAL OILS OF: PINUS JEFFREYI MURR LEAVES, CITRUS AURANTIUM LEAVES, & DATURA STRAMONIUM.

Similar to other saturated aldehydes, isobutyraldehyde occurs naturally in foods(1); it is also emitted into the atmosphere by plants(1).

Isobutyraldehyde is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, use, and exposure to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 2-Methylpropanal is included on this list.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Isobutyraldehyde is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.